Linux安装Python3

一般在linux系统上，虽然预装的软件中有python，但是版本一般是python2，为了能够使用python3，需要我们自己动手安装一下。

[root@VM_0_11_centos ~]# python
Python 2.7.5 (default, Apr  2 2020, 13:16:51)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

环境说明

• 操作系统：CentOS 7
• 安装的python版本：3.6.1

1. 下载python3安装包

 wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.1/Python-3.6.1.tgz

2. 安装c编译环境

yum -y install gcc zlib-devel openssl-devel readline-devel

3. 编译安装

# 创建编译后的安装目录
mkdir -p /usr/local/python/python3/python36
# 解压python安装包
tar -zxvf Python-3.6.1.tgz
cd Python-3.6.1/
# 进行编译安装
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python/python3/python36
make & make install

安装完成后可查看python3.6.1的bin目录：

[root@VM_0_11_centos Python-3.6.1]# cd /usr/local/python/python3/python36/bin/
[root@VM_0_11_centos bin]# ls
2to3      easy_install-3.6  idle3.6  pip3.6  pydoc3.6  python3.6         python3.6m         python3-config  pyvenv-3.6
2to3-3.6  idle3             pip3     pydoc3  python3   python3.6-config  python3.6m-config  pyvenv

4. 替换python2的相关软链接

# 在/usr/bin/目录下创建python3的软链接
cd /usr/bin/
ln -s /usr/local/python/python3/python36/bin/python3 python3
# 将python的软链接替换为python3的
rm -f python
ln -s python3 python
# 添加pip3的软链接
ln -s /usr/local/python/python3/python36/bin/pip3 pip3

完成后的效果如下：

[root@VM_0_11_centos ~]# python
Python 3.6.1 (default, Nov 27 2020, 15:28:12)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> exit()
[root@VM_0_11_centos ~]# pip3 -V
pip 9.0.1 from /usr/local/python/python3/python36/lib/python3.6/site-packages (python 3.6)