[csuoj 2078 查找第k大] O(n)算法求第k大/中位数
分类:quick sort
1. 题目链接
2. 题意描述
小W有很强的好胜心,也有很明确的目标,总是希望当第k名,但是小W太菜了,经常达不到目标,于是他每次考试后都想知道第k名的分数是多少,然后以它为目标。 现在给出了每个人的分数,请求编程能力很强的你帮他迅速找到第k名的分数为多少,这样他才有更多的时间去学习。
输入数据
第一行为一个正整数
t
t
代表有组数据。每组数据第一行为两个正整数
n
n
和,第二行为n个正整数。
1≤k≤n≤107
1
≤
k
≤
n
≤
10
7
Output
对于每组数据,输出第
k
k
大的数。
3. 解题思路
利用快排思路进行划分。将小于基准的数放在该数前面,大于基准的数放在该数后面。设划分后,基准前面的数为,基准后面的数为
cntgt
c
n
t
g
t
然后,就可以判断出来第
k
k
大的数在哪个区间。
- 如果,那么第 k k 大数在后面这个区间,继续对后面这个区间划分,求第k大;
- 如果,那么基准数就是第 k k 大数;
- 否则,第大数在前面这个区间,那么对前面的区间求一个第
k−(cntgt+1)
k
−
(
c
n
t
g
t
+
1
)
大数。
期望复杂度就是:
T(n)=T(n2)+O(n)=O(n+n2+n4+…)≤O(2n) T ( n ) = T ( n 2 ) + O ( n ) = O ( n + n 2 + n 4 + … ) ≤ O ( 2 n ) 。
同理,可用这种方法求中位数。本题输入数据很大,加个读入挂才可以过。
4. 实现代码
#include <cmath> #include <ctime> #include <queue> #include <cstdio> #include <string> #include <cassert> #include <cstring> #include <iostream> #include <algorithm> using namespace std; typedef pair<int, int> pii; typedef pair<int, int> pll; const int inf = 0x3f3f3f3f; template<typename T> inline void umax(T &a, T b) { a = max(a, b); } template<typename T> inline void umin(T &a, T b) { a = min(a, b); } void debug() { cout << endl; } template<typename T, typename ...R> void debug (T f, R ...r) { cout << "[" << f << "]"; debug (r...); } const int MAXN = 1e7 + 5; int n, k; int a[MAXN]; namespace fastIO{ #define BUF_SIZE 100000 #define OUT_SIZE 100000 #define ll long long //fread->read bool IOerror=0; inline char nc(){ static char buf[BUF_SIZE],*p1=buf+BUF_SIZE,*pend=buf+BUF_SIZE; if (p1==pend){ p1=buf; pend=buf+fread(buf,1,BUF_SIZE,stdin); if (pend==p1){IOerror=1;return -1;} //{printf("IO error!\n");system("pause");for (;;);exit(0);} } return *p1++; } inline bool blank(char ch){return ch==' '||ch=='\n'||ch=='\r'||ch=='\t';} inline void read(int &x){ bool sign=0; char ch=nc(); x=0; for (;blank(ch);ch=nc()); if (IOerror)return; if (ch=='-')sign=1,ch=nc(); for (;ch>='0'&&ch<='9';ch=nc())x=x*10+ch-'0'; if (sign)x=-x; } inline void read(ll &x){ bool sign=0; char ch=nc(); x=0; for (;blank(ch);ch=nc()); if (IOerror)return; if (ch=='-')sign=1,ch=nc(); for (;ch>='0'&&ch<='9';ch=nc())x=x*10+ch-'0'; if (sign)x=-x; } inline void read(double &x){ bool sign=0; char ch=nc(); x=0; for (;blank(ch);ch=nc()); if (IOerror)return; if (ch=='-')sign=1,ch=nc(); for (;ch>='0'&&ch<='9';ch=nc())x=x*10+ch-'0'; if (ch=='.'){ double tmp=1; ch=nc(); for (;ch>='0'&&ch<='9';ch=nc())tmp/=10.0,x+=tmp*(ch-'0'); } if (sign)x=-x; } inline void read(char *s){ char ch=nc(); for (;blank(ch);ch=nc()); if (IOerror)return; for (;!blank(ch)&&!IOerror;ch=nc())*s++=ch; *s=0; } inline void read(char &c){ for (c=nc();blank(c);c=nc()); if (IOerror){c=-1;return;} } //getchar->read inline void read1(int &x){ char ch;int bo=0;x=0; for (ch=getchar();ch<'0'||ch>'9';ch=getchar())if (ch=='-')bo=1; for (;ch>='0'&&ch<='9';x=x*10+ch-'0',ch=getchar()); if (bo)x=-x; } inline void read1(ll &x){ char ch;int bo=0;x=0; for (ch=getchar();ch<'0'||ch>'9';ch=getchar())if (ch=='-')bo=1; for (;ch>='0'&&ch<='9';x=x*10+ch-'0',ch=getchar()); if (bo)x=-x; } inline void read1(double &x){ char ch;int bo=0;x=0; for (ch=getchar();ch<'0'||ch>'9';ch=getchar())if (ch=='-')bo=1; for (;ch>='0'&&ch<='9';x=x*10+ch-'0',ch=getchar()); if (ch=='.'){ double tmp=1; for (ch=getchar();ch>='0'&&ch<='9';tmp/=10.0,x+=tmp*(ch-'0'),ch=getchar()); } if (bo)x=-x; } inline void read1(char *s){ char ch=getchar(); for (;blank(ch);ch=getchar()); for (;!blank(ch);ch=getchar())*s++=ch; *s=0; } inline void read1(char &c){for (c=getchar();blank(c);c=getchar());} //scanf->read inline void read2(int &x){scanf("%d",&x);} inline void read2(ll &x){ #ifdef _WIN32 scanf("%I64d",&x); #else #ifdef __linux scanf("%lld",&x); #else puts("error:can't recognize the system!"); #endif #endif } inline void read2(double &x){scanf("%lf",&x);} inline void read2(char *s){scanf("%s",s);} inline void read2(char &c){scanf(" %c",&c);} inline void readln2(char *s){gets(s);} //fwrite->write struct Ostream_fwrite{ char *buf,*p1,*pend; Ostream_fwrite(){buf=new char[BUF_SIZE];p1=buf;pend=buf+BUF_SIZE;} void out(char ch){ if (p1==pend){ fwrite(buf,1,BUF_SIZE,stdout);p1=buf; } *p1++=ch; } void print(int x){ static char s[15],*s1;s1=s; if (!x)*s1++='0';if (x<0)out('-'),x=-x; while(x)*s1++=x%10+'0',x/=10; while(s1--!=s)out(*s1); } void println(int x){ static char s[15],*s1;s1=s; if (!x)*s1++='0';if (x<0)out('-'),x=-x; while(x)*s1++=x%10+'0',x/=10; while(s1--!=s)out(*s1); out('\n'); } void print(ll x){ static char s[25],*s1;s1=s; if (!x)*s1++='0';if (x<0)out('-'),x=-x; while(x)*s1++=x%10+'0',x/=10; while(s1--!=s)out(*s1); } void println(ll x){ static char s[25],*s1;s1=s; if (!x)*s1++='0';if (x<0)out('-'),x=-x; while(x)*s1++=x%10+'0',x/=10; while(s1--!=s)out(*s1); out('\n'); } void print(double x,int y){ static ll mul[]={1,10,100,1000,10000,100000,1000000,10000000,100000000, 1000000000,10000000000LL,100000000000LL,1000000000000LL,10000000000000LL, 100000000000000LL,1000000000000000LL,10000000000000000LL,100000000000000000LL}; if (x<-1e-12)out('-'),x=-x;x*=mul[y]; ll x1=(ll)floor(x); if (x-floor(x)>=0.5)++x1; ll x2=x1/mul[y],x3=x1-x2*mul[y]; print(x2); if (y>0){out('.'); for (size_t i=1;i<y&&x3*mul[i]<mul[y];out('0'),++i); print(x3);} } void println(double x,int y){print(x,y);out('\n');} void print(char *s){while (*s)out(*s++);} void println(char *s){while (*s)out(*s++);out('\n');} void flush(){if (p1!=buf){fwrite(buf,1,p1-buf,stdout);p1=buf;}} ~Ostream_fwrite(){flush();} }Ostream; inline void print(int x){Ostream.print(x);} inline void println(int x){Ostream.println(x);} inline void print(char x){Ostream.out(x);} inline void println(char x){Ostream.out(x);Ostream.out('\n');} inline void print(ll x){Ostream.print(x);} inline void println(ll x){Ostream.println(x);} inline void print(double x,int y){Ostream.print(x,y);} inline void println(double x,int y){Ostream.println(x,y);} inline void print(char *s){Ostream.print(s);} inline void println(char *s){Ostream.println(s);} inline void println(){Ostream.out('\n');} inline void flush(){Ostream.flush();} //puts->write char Out[OUT_SIZE],*o=Out; inline void print1(int x){ static char buf[15]; char *p1=buf;if (!x)*p1++='0';if (x<0)*o++='-',x=-x; while(x)*p1++=x%10+'0',x/=10; while(p1--!=buf)*o++=*p1; } inline void println1(int x){print1(x);*o++='\n';} inline void print1(ll x){ static char buf[25]; char *p1=buf;if (!x)*p1++='0';if (x<0)*o++='-',x=-x; while(x)*p1++=x%10+'0',x/=10; while(p1--!=buf)*o++=*p1; } inline void println1(ll x){print1(x);*o++='\n';} inline void print1(char c){*o++=c;} inline void println1(char c){*o++=c;*o++='\n';} inline void print1(char *s){while (*s)*o++=*s++;} inline void println1(char *s){print1(s);*o++='\n';} inline void println1(){*o++='\n';} inline void flush1(){if (o!=Out){if (*(o-1)=='\n')*--o=0;puts(Out);}} struct puts_write{ ~puts_write(){flush1();} }_puts; inline void print2(int x){printf("%d",x);} inline void println2(int x){printf("%d\n",x);} inline void print2(char x){printf("%c",x);} inline void println2(char x){printf("%c\n",x);} inline void print2(ll x){ #ifdef _WIN32 printf("%I64d",x); #else #ifdef __linux printf("%lld",x); #else puts("error:can't recognize the system!"); #endif #endif } inline void println2(ll x){print2(x);printf("\n");} inline void println2(){printf("\n");} #undef ll #undef OUT_SIZE #undef BUF_SIZE }; using namespace fastIO; int partation(int le, int ri) { int x = a[le]; while (le < ri) { while (le < ri && a[ri] >= x) ri--; a[le] = a[ri]; while (le < ri && a[le] <= x) le++; a[ri] = a[le]; } a[le] = x; return le; } int kth(int le, int ri, int k) { if (le == ri) return a[le]; int p = partation(le, ri); if (k == ri - p + 1) return a[p]; else if (k < ri - p + 1) return kth(p + 1, ri, k); else return kth(le, p - 1, k - (ri - p + 1)); } int main() { #ifdef __LOCAL_WONZY__ freopen("input.txt", "r", stdin); #endif // __LOCAL_WONZY__ int t; //scanf("%d", &t); read(t); while (t --) { //scanf("%d %d", &n, &k); read(n); read(k); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) read(a[i]); int ans = kth(0, n - 1, k); printf("%d\n", ans); //nth_element(a, a + n - k, a + n); //printf("%d\n", a[n - k]); } #ifdef ___LOCAL_WONZY___ cout << "Time elapsed: " << 1.0 * clock() / CLOCKS_PER_SEC * 1000 << "ms." << endl; #endif // ___LOCAL_WONZY___ return 0; }