数列 { a n } \{a_n\} {an}满足 a 0 = − 1 , a 1 = 1 a_0=-1, a_1=1 a0=−1,a1=1, a n = − 6 a n − 1 − 9 a n − 2 − 8 , n ≥ 2. a_n = -6a_{n-1}-9a_{n-2}-8, n \geq 2. an=−6an−1−9an−2−8,n≥2. 求 a 9 a_9 a9.
解：直接计算可知 a 2 = − 5 , a 3 = 13 , a 4 = − 41 a_2=-5, a_3=13, a_4=-41 a2=−5,a3=13,a4=−41, a 5 = 121 , a 6 = − 365 , a 7 = 1093 a_5=121, a_6=-365, a_7=1093 a5=121,a6=−365,a7=1093, a 8 = − 3281 , a 9 = 9841 a_8=-3281, a_9=9841 a8=−3281,a9=9841.
为计算通项公式，令 b n = a n + 1 / 2 b_n = a_n + 1/2 bn=an+1/2, 则 b n = − 6 a n − 1 − 9 a n − 2 . b_n = -6a_{n-1}-9a_{n-2}. bn=−6an−1−9an−2. 用特征方程求出特征值 λ 1 = λ 2 = − 3 \lambda_1 = \lambda_2 = -3 λ1=λ2=−3. 设通项公式为 b n = ( c 1 + c 2 n ) ( − 3 ) n . b_n = (c_1 + c_2 n)(-3)^n. bn=(c1+c2n)(−3)n. 代入 b 0 = a 0 + 1 / 2 = − 1 / 2 , b 1 = a 1 + 1 / 2 = 3 / 2 b_0=a_0+1/2=-1/2, b_1 = a_1 + 1/2 = 3/2 b0=a0+1/2=−1/2,b1=a1+1/2=3/2, 得 b n = ( − 1 2 ) ( − 3 ) n = a n + 1 2 b_n = (-\frac{1}{2}) (-3)^n=a_n + \frac{1}{2} bn=(−21)(−3)n=an+21.
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