QtOpenGL--使用OpenGL绘制曲面图（五）

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-27 13:14:47 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-27 13:14:47 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/AI_fish/article/details/128226895

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Qt OpenGL–QOpenGLWidget绘制曲面图

前几篇博客中介绍了，使用原生Opengl接口，分别在VS2015环境中借助GLFW提供的窗口，展示了如何绘制曲面，以及在VS2015下，借助Qt5提供的窗口类实现同样的曲面绘制。本篇就使用Qt GUI模块中，封装的QOpenGLWidget,以及封装的方便类，如QOpenGLFunctions, QOpenGLShaderProgram等，实现同样的效果，可以发现Qt封装的类确实挺好用。

1. 环境

Windows 10, VS2019 community
Qt5.15

2. 主要代码

代码仍然集中在，那三个重写的函数：

initializeGL();
resizeGL();
repaintGL().

void Widget::initializeGL()
{
    initializeOpenGLFunctions();

    glViewport(0,0, rect().width(), rect().height());
    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

    // generate default surface plot
    m_surfacePlotter.generateSurfacePlot(1.0f);

    // generate surface plot VAO, VBO, EBO
    mSurfaceVAO.create();
    mSurfaceVBO.create();
    mSurfaceEBO.create();

    // bind VAO
    mSurfaceVAO.bind();
    // SET VBO DATA
    mSurfaceVBO.bind();
    mSurfaceVBO.allocate(m_surfacePlotter.getVertices(), m_surfacePlotter.getNumElements() * sizeof(float));
    // set EBO data
    mSurfaceEBO.bind();
    mSurfaceEBO.allocate(m_surfacePlotter.getIndices(), m_surfacePlotter.getNumIndices()*sizeof(uint32_t));

    mSurfaceVBO.release();
    mSurfaceEBO.release();
    mSurfaceVAO.release();

    // generate cube VAO, VBO, EBO
    mCubeVAO.create();
    mCubeVBO.create();
    mCubeEBO.create();

    // bind cube VAO
    mCubeVAO.bind();
    // set VBO data
    mCubeVBO.bind();
    mCubeVBO.allocate(m_surfacePlotter.getCubeVertices(), 24*sizeof(float));
    // set EBO data
    mCubeEBO.bind();
    mCubeEBO.allocate(m_surfacePlotter.getCubeIndices(), 24*sizeof(uint32_t));

    mSurfaceVBO.release();
    mSurfaceEBO.release();
    mSurfaceVAO.release();

    //! init shaders

    // Compile vertex shader
    shaderProgram.addShaderFromSourceFile(QOpenGLShader::Vertex, ":/shaders/vertexShader.vs");
    // Compile fragment shader
    shaderProgram.addShaderFromSourceFile(QOpenGLShader::Fragment, ":/shaders/fragmentShader.fs");
    // Link shader pipeline
    shaderProgram.link();
    // Bind shader pipeline for use
    shaderProgram.bind();

    cubeShaderProgram.addShaderFromSourceFile(QOpenGLShader::Vertex, ":/shaders/vertexShader.vs");
    cubeShaderProgram.addShaderFromSourceFile(QOpenGLShader::Fragment, ":/shaders/whiteFragmentShader.fs");
    cubeShaderProgram.link();
    cubeShaderProgram.bind();// 将渲染程序绑定到当前上下文，任何之前的绑定将被释放

    mBasicTimer.start(12, this);
}

可以看到其中QOpenGLBuffer，QOpenGLVertexArrayObject，QOpenGLShaderProgram几个类的使用，方便了对资源的管理，总体感觉很清爽。

void Widget::resizeGL(int w, int h)
{
    // Calculate aspect ratio
    qreal aspect = qreal(w) / qreal(h ? h : 1);

    // Set near plane to 3.0, far plane to 7.0, field of view 45 degrees
    const qreal zNear = 0.1f, zFar = 99999.0f, fov = 45.0;

    // Reset projection
    m_proj.setToIdentity();

    // Set perspective projection
    m_proj.perspective(fov, aspect, zNear, zFar);

}

在resizeGL()中主要可以建立视口转换和投影变换等。

void Widget::paintGL()
{
    float currTime = QDateTime::currentSecsSinceEpoch();
    m_deltaTime = currTime - m_prevTime;
    m_prevTime = currTime;

    glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f );
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

    m_surfacePlotter.generateSurfacePlot(1.0f);
    int zRange = m_surfacePlotter.getZRange();

    QMatrix4x4 viewMatrix;
    viewMatrix.setToIdentity();
    viewMatrix.lookAt(QVector3D(0.0f, 0.0f, 30.0f), QVector3D(0.0f, 0.0f, 30.0f) + QVector3D(0.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f), QVector3D(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));

    QMatrix4x4 projectionMatrix;
    projectionMatrix.setToIdentity();
    projectionMatrix.perspective(45.0f, (float)(rect().width())/(rect().height()), 0.1f, 99999.0f);

    QMatrix4x4 modelMatrix;
    modelMatrix.setToIdentity();
    modelMatrix.translate(0.0, 0.0, -5.0);
    modelMatrix.rotate(45.0f, QVector3D(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));
//    modelMatrix.rotate(mRotation);

    shaderProgram.bind();
    shaderProgram.setUniformValue("zRange", (zRange == 0) ? 1.0f : zRange);
    shaderProgram.setUniformValue("zMin", m_surfacePlotter.getZMin());
    shaderProgram.setUniformValue("view", viewMatrix);
    shaderProgram.setUniformValue("projection", m_proj);
    shaderProgram.setUniformValue("model", modelMatrix);

    /// render surface
    m_surfacePlotter.generateSurfacePlot(static_cast<float>(elapsedSec/1000.0));

    mSurfaceVAO.bind();
    mSurfaceVBO.bind();
    mSurfaceEBO.bind();

    // populate new data, 再次allocate,会把buffer中之前的内容删除
    mSurfaceVBO.allocate(m_surfacePlotter.getVertices(), m_surfacePlotter.getNumElements() * sizeof (float));

    // Tell OpenGL programmable pipeline how to locate vertex position data
    int vertexLocation = shaderProgram.attributeLocation("pos");
    shaderProgram.enableAttributeArray(vertexLocation);
    shaderProgram.setAttributeBuffer(vertexLocation, GL_FLOAT, 0, 3, 3*sizeof(float));
    glDrawElements(GL_LINES, m_surfacePlotter.getNumIndices(), GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);

    cubeShaderProgram.bind(); /// 再次bind()会释放之间的bind()的着色器程序
    cubeShaderProgram.setUniformValue("view", viewMatrix);
    cubeShaderProgram.setUniformValue("projection", m_proj);
    cubeShaderProgram.setUniformValue("model", modelMatrix);

    /// render cube
    mCubeVAO.bind();
    mCubeVBO.bind();
    mCubeEBO.bind();

    int vertexLoc = cubeShaderProgram.attributeLocation("pos");
    cubeShaderProgram.enableAttributeArray(vertexLoc);
    cubeShaderProgram.setAttributeBuffer(vertexLoc, GL_FLOAT, 0, 3, 3*sizeof(float));
    glDrawElements(GL_LINES, 24, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);

}