OpenSceneGraph实现的NeHe OpenGL教程 - 第四课

• 简介

本课要实现的效果是让三角形绕自身的轴线Y轴进行旋转， 四边形绕自身X轴进行旋转。

在osg中实现这种效果有很多种方法可以做到，无论哪种方法总体的思路是定时地去修改场景中的空间变换节点，本文采用最简单的一种方式进行修改：使用场景中节点的回调来修改空间变换节点从而达到旋转的效果。

• 实现

首先我们先定义一个场景节点的Callback类，OSG中的节点主要使用回调(Callback)来完成用户临时定义的、需要每帧执行的工作。这是一种方便的扩展节点功能的方式，根据回调功能被调用的时机，OSG节点回调包括更新回调(UpdateCallback)和人机交互事件回调(EventCallback)两种，前者在每一帧系统遍历到当前节点时自动调用，后者则通过用户操作键盘、鼠标、改变窗口等动作发生，触发事件回调。此处我们需要的是一个节点的更新回调，定义如下：

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1. class RotateCallback : public osg::NodeCallback  
2. {  
3.   
4. public:  
5.     RotateCallback(osg::Vec3d rotateAxis, double rotateSpeed) :   
6.       osg::NodeCallback(),  
7.       _rotateAxis(rotateAxis),   
8.       _rotateSpeed(rotateSpeed),  
9.       _rotateAngle(0.0)  
10.       {  
11.         //Nop  
12.       }  
13.   
14.   
15.       virtual void operator()(osg::Node* node, osg::NodeVisitor* nv)  
16.     {  
17.             osg::MatrixTransform *currentMT = dynamic_cast<osg::MatrixTransform*>(node);  
18.             if (currentMT)  
19.             {  
20.                 //获取当前的平移位置  
21.                 osg::Vec3d currentTranslate = currentMT->getMatrix().getTrans();  
22.                 osg::Matrix newMatrix = osg::Matrix::rotate(_rotateAngle, _rotateAxis) * osg::Matrix::translate(currentTranslate);  
23.                 currentMT->setMatrix(newMatrix);  
24.                 _rotateAngle += _rotateSpeed;  
25.             }  
26.   
27.             traverse(node, nv);  
28.     }  
29.   
30.   
31. private:  
32.     osg::Vec3d _rotateAxis;         //旋转轴  
33.     double        _rotateSpeed;     //旋转速度  
34.     double        _rotateAngle;     //当前旋转的角度  
35. };  

节点回调类都继承于osg::NodeCallback，我们需要做的是重载它里面的operator()方法来实现自定义的代码，定义好之后将回调加入到三角形和四边形的空间变化节点之中：

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1. osg::MatrixTransform *triangleMT = new osg::MatrixTransform;  
2. triangleMT->setMatrix(osg::Matrix::translate(-1.5, 0.0, -6.0));  
3.   
4. RotateCallback *triangleRotateCallback = new RotateCallback(osg::Y_AXIS, 0.2);  
5. triangleMT->addUpdateCallback(triangleRotateCallback);  

以及

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1. osg::MatrixTransform *quadMT = new osg::MatrixTransform;  
2. quadMT->setMatrix(osg::Matrix::translate(1.5, 0.0, -6.0));  
3.   
4. RotateCallback *quadRotateCallback = new RotateCallback(osg::X_AXIS, 0.15);  
5. quadMT->addUpdateCallback(quadRotateCallback);  

编译并运行程序即看到动态的效果

附：本课源码(源码中可能存在错误和不足，仅供参考)

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1. #include "../osgNeHe.h"  
2.   
3. #include <QtCore/QTimer>  
4. #include <QtGui/QApplication>  
5. #include <QtGui/QVBoxLayout>  
6.   
7. #include <osgViewer/Viewer>  
8. #include <osgDB/ReadFile>  
9. #include <osgQt/GraphicsWindowQt>  
10.   
11. #include <osg/MatrixTransform>  
12. #include <osg/NodeVisitor>  
13.   
14.   
15. class ViewerWidget : public QWidget, public osgViewer::Viewer  
16. {  
17. public:  
18.     ViewerWidget(osg::Node *scene = NULL)  
19.     {  
20.         QWidget* renderWidget = getRenderWidget( createGraphicsWindow(0,0,100,100), scene);  
21.   
22.         QVBoxLayout* layout = new QVBoxLayout;  
23.         layout->addWidget(renderWidget);  
24.         layout->setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 1);  
25.         setLayout( layout );  
26.   
27.         connect( &_timer, SIGNAL(timeout()), this, SLOT(update()) );  
28.         _timer.start( 10 );  
29.     }  
30.   
31.     QWidget* getRenderWidget( osgQt::GraphicsWindowQt* gw, osg::Node* scene )  
32.     {  
33.         osg::Camera* camera = this->getCamera();  
34.         camera->setGraphicsContext( gw );  
35.   
36.         const osg::GraphicsContext::Traits* traits = gw->getTraits();  
37.   
38.         camera->setClearColor( osg::Vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0) );  
39.         camera->setViewport( new osg::Viewport(0, 0, traits->width, traits->height) );  
40.         camera->setProjectionMatrixAsPerspective(45.0f, static_cast<double>(traits->width)/static_cast<double>(traits->height), 0.1f, 100.0f );  
41.         camera->setViewMatrixAsLookAt(osg::Vec3d(0, 0, 1), osg::Vec3d(0, 0, 0), osg::Vec3d(0, 1, 0));  
42.   
43.         this->setSceneData( scene );  
44.   
45.         return gw->getGLWidget();  
46.     }  
47.   
48.     osgQt::GraphicsWindowQt* createGraphicsWindow( int x, int y, int w, int h, const std::string& name="", bool windowDecoration=false )  
49.     {  
50.         osg::DisplaySettings* ds = osg::DisplaySettings::instance().get();  
51.         osg::ref_ptr<osg::GraphicsContext::Traits> traits = new osg::GraphicsContext::Traits;  
52.         traits->windowName = name;  
53.         traits->windowDecoration = windowDecoration;  
54.         traits->x = x;  
55.         traits->y = y;  
56.         traits->width = w;  
57.         traits->height = h;  
58.         traits->doubleBuffer = true;  
59.         traits->alpha = ds->getMinimumNumAlphaBits();  
60.         traits->stencil = ds->getMinimumNumStencilBits();  
61.         traits->sampleBuffers = ds->getMultiSamples();  
62.         traits->samples = ds->getNumMultiSamples();  
63.   
64.         return new osgQt::GraphicsWindowQt(traits.get());  
65.     }  
66.   
67.     virtual void paintEvent( QPaintEvent* event )  
68.     {   
69.         frame();   
70.     }  
71.   
72. protected:  
73.   
74.     QTimer _timer;  
75. };  
76.   
77.   
78.   
79. //  
80. //RotateCallback  
81.   
82. class RotateCallback : public osg::NodeCallback  
83. {  
84.   
85. public:  
86.     RotateCallback(osg::Vec3d rotateAxis, double rotateSpeed) :   
87.       osg::NodeCallback(),  
88.       _rotateAxis(rotateAxis),   
89.       _rotateSpeed(rotateSpeed),  
90.       _rotateAngle(0.0)  
91.       {  
92.         //Nop  
93.       }  
94.   
95.   
96.       virtual void operator()(osg::Node* node, osg::NodeVisitor* nv)  
97.     {  
98.             osg::MatrixTransform *currentMT = dynamic_cast<osg::MatrixTransform*>(node);  
99.             if (currentMT)  
100.             {  
101.                 //获取当前的平移位置  
102.                 osg::Vec3d currentTranslate = currentMT->getMatrix().getTrans();  
103.                 osg::Matrix newMatrix = osg::Matrix::rotate(_rotateAngle, _rotateAxis) * osg::Matrix::translate(currentTranslate);  
104.                 currentMT->setMatrix(newMatrix);  
105.                 _rotateAngle += _rotateSpeed;  
106.             }  
107.   
108.             traverse(node, nv);  
109.     }  
110.   
111.   
112. private:  
113.     osg::Vec3d _rotateAxis;         //旋转轴  
114.     double        _rotateSpeed;     //旋转速度  
115.     double        _rotateAngle;     //当前旋转的角度  
116. };  
117.   
118.   
119.   
120. osg::Node*  buildScene()  
121. {  
122.     osg::Group *root = new osg::Group;  
123.   
124.     osg::MatrixTransform *triangleMT = new osg::MatrixTransform;  
125.     triangleMT->setMatrix(osg::Matrix::translate(-1.5, 0.0, -6.0));  
126.   
127.     RotateCallback *triangleRotateCallback = new RotateCallback(osg::Y_AXIS, 0.2);  
128.     triangleMT->addUpdateCallback(triangleRotateCallback);  
129.   
130.     osg::Geometry *triangleGeometry = new osg::Geometry;  
131.     osg::Vec3Array *triangleVertexArray = new osg::Vec3Array;  
132.     triangleVertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));  
133.     triangleVertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(-1.0f,-1.0f, 0.0f));  
134.     triangleVertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(1.0f,-1.0f, 0.0f));  
135.     triangleGeometry->setVertexArray(triangleVertexArray);  
136.   
137.     osg::Vec4Array *triangleColorArray = new osg::Vec4Array;  
138.     triangleColorArray->push_back(osg::Vec4(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));  
139.     triangleColorArray->push_back(osg::Vec4(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));  
140.     triangleColorArray->push_back(osg::Vec4(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f));  
141.     triangleGeometry->setColorArray(triangleColorArray);  
142.     triangleGeometry->setColorBinding(osg::Geometry::BIND_PER_VERTEX);  
143.   
144.     triangleGeometry->addPrimitiveSet(new osg::DrawArrays(osg::PrimitiveSet::TRIANGLES, 0, 3));  
145.     osg::Geode *triangleGeode = new osg::Geode;  
146.   
147.     triangleGeode->getOrCreateStateSet()->setMode(GL_LIGHTING, osg::StateAttribute::OFF);  
148.     triangleGeode->addDrawable(triangleGeometry);  
149.     triangleMT->addChild(triangleGeode);  
150.   
151.     //四边形部分  
152.     osg::MatrixTransform *quadMT = new osg::MatrixTransform;  
153.     quadMT->setMatrix(osg::Matrix::translate(1.5, 0.0, -6.0));  
154.   
155.     RotateCallback *quadRotateCallback = new RotateCallback(osg::X_AXIS, 0.15);  
156.     quadMT->addUpdateCallback(quadRotateCallback);  
157.   
158.     osg::Geometry *quadGeometry = new osg::Geometry;  
159.     osg::Vec3Array *quadVertexArray = new osg::Vec3Array;  
160.     quadVertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(-1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));  
161.     quadVertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));  
162.     quadVertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(1.0f,-1.0f, 0.0f));  
163.     quadVertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(-1.0f,-1.0f, 0.0f));  
164.     quadGeometry->setVertexArray(quadVertexArray);  
165.   
166.     osg::Vec4Array *quadColorArray = new osg::Vec4Array;  
167.     quadColorArray->push_back(osg::Vec4(0.5f,0.5f,1.0f,1.0f));  
168.     quadGeometry->setColorArray(quadColorArray);  
169.     quadGeometry->setColorBinding(osg::Geometry::BIND_OVERALL);  
170.   
171.     osg::DrawElementsUByte *vertexIndices = new osg::DrawElementsUByte(osg::PrimitiveSet::QUADS, 4);  
172.     vertexIndices->push_back(0);  
173.     vertexIndices->push_back(1);  
174.     vertexIndices->push_back(2);  
175.     vertexIndices->push_back(3);  
176.     quadGeometry->addPrimitiveSet(vertexIndices);  
177.     osg::Geode *quadGeode = new osg::Geode;  
178.     quadGeode->getOrCreateStateSet()->setMode(GL_LIGHTING, osg::StateAttribute::OFF);  
179.     quadGeode->addDrawable(quadGeometry);  
180.     quadMT->addChild(quadGeode);  
181.   
182.     root->addChild(triangleMT);  
183.     root->addChild(quadMT);  
184.   
185.     return root;  
186. }  
187.   
188.   
189.   
190. int main( int argc, char** argv )  
191. {  
192.     QApplication app(argc, argv);  
193.     ViewerWidget* viewWidget = new ViewerWidget(buildScene());  
194.     viewWidget->setGeometry( 100, 100, 640, 480 );  
195.     viewWidget->show();  
196.     return app.exec();  
197. }