OpenSceneGraph实现的NeHe OpenGL教程 - 第十八课

• 简介

这节课在第七课的基础上修改了部分代码，用来在场景中显示圆球、圆柱、圆锥等二次几何体。在osg中定义了一些基本的几何体，主要有如下几种：

Fig1. osg内置定义的几何体类型

• 实现

在本课中通过切换空格键实现几何体的切换，在osg中开关节点osg::Switch用在这里再合适不过了，它可以切换不同的子节点进行显示

我们定义如下：

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1. //  
2.     //新增代码，使用开关节点管理  
3.     g_Switch = new osg::Switch;  
4.   
5.     //添加立方体  
6.     osg::Geode *box = new osg::Geode;  
7.     osg::ShapeDrawable *boxDrawable = new osg::ShapeDrawable;  
8.     osg::Box *boxShape = new osg::Box(osg::Vec3(0, 0,0), 2);  
9.     boxDrawable->setShape(boxShape);  
10.     box->addDrawable(boxDrawable);  
11.     g_Switch->addChild(box);  
12.   
13.     //添加圆柱体  
14.     osg::Geode *cylinder = new osg::Geode;  
15.     osg::ShapeDrawable *cylinderDrawable = new osg::ShapeDrawable(new osg::Cylinder(osg::Vec3(0,0,0), 0.5, 2.0));  
16.     cylinder->addDrawable(cylinderDrawable);  
17.     g_Switch->addChild(cylinder);  
18.   
19.     //添加圆盘  
20.     osg::Geode *disk = new osg::Geode;  
21.     osg::ShapeDrawable *diskDrawable = new osg::ShapeDrawable(new osg::Cylinder(osg::Vec3(0,0,0), 0.5, 0.001));  
22.     disk->addDrawable(diskDrawable);  
23.     g_Switch->addChild(disk);  
24.   
25.     //添加圆球  
26.     osg::Geode *sphere = new osg::Geode;  
27.     osg::ShapeDrawable *sphereDrawable = new osg::ShapeDrawable(new osg::Sphere(osg::Vec3(0,0,0), 1.3));  
28.     sphere->addDrawable(sphereDrawable);  
29.     g_Switch->addChild(sphere);  
30.   
31.     //添加圆锥  
32.     osg::Geode *cone = new osg::Geode;  
33.     osg::ShapeDrawable *coneDrawable = new osg::ShapeDrawable(new osg::Cone(osg::Vec3(0,0,0), 0.5, 2));  
34.     cone->addDrawable(coneDrawable);  
35.     g_Switch->addChild(cone);  
36.   
37.     g_Switch->setSingleChildOn(0);  
38. //  

使用setSingleChildOn来让其中一个显示，我们让立方体先显示，所以用的是它的索引值0

在键盘交互处理中同样调用这个函数来切换：

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1. if (ea.getKey() == osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEY_Space)  
2. {  
3.     static int index = 0;  
4.     g_Switch->setSingleChildOn(++index % 5);  
5. }  

其余部分和第七课代码是一样的，编译运行程序：

附：本课源码(源码中可能存在错误和不足，仅供参考)

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1. #include "../osgNeHe.h"  
2.   
3. #include <QtCore/QTimer>  
4. #include <QtGui/QApplication>  
5. #include <QtGui/QVBoxLayout>  
6.   
7. #include <osgViewer/Viewer>  
8. #include <osgDB/ReadFile>  
9. #include <osgQt/GraphicsWindowQt>  
10.   
11. #include <osg/MatrixTransform>  
12. #include <osg/NodeVisitor>  
13. #include <osg/Texture2D>  
14.   
15. #include <osgGA/GUIEventAdapter>  
16.   
17. #include <osg/Light>  
18. #include <osg/LightModel>  
19. #include <osg/LightSource>  
20.   
21. #include <osg/ShapeDrawable>  
22. #include <osg/Switch>  
23.   
24.   
25. //  
26. //开关节点  
27. osg::Switch     *g_Switch;  
28.   
29. //  
30. //FindFirstNamedNodeVisitor用来遍历寻找与指定名称相同的节点  
31.   
32. class FindFirstNamedNodeVisitor : public osg::NodeVisitor  
33. {  
34. public:  
35.     FindFirstNamedNodeVisitor(const std::string& name):  
36.       osg::NodeVisitor(osg::NodeVisitor::TRAVERSE_ALL_CHILDREN),  
37.           _name(name), _foundNode(NULL) {}  
38.   
39.       virtual void apply(osg::Node& node)  
40.       {  
41.           if (node.getName()==_name)  
42.           {  
43.               _foundNode = &node;  
44.               return;  
45.           }  
46.           traverse(node);  
47.       }  
48.   
49.       std::string _name;  
50.       osg::Node *_foundNode;  
51. };  
52.   
53. //  
54. //RotateCallback  
55.   
56. class RotateCallback : public osg::NodeCallback  
57. {  
58.   
59. public:  
60.     RotateCallback(osg::Vec3d rotateAxis, double rotateSpeed) :   
61.       osg::NodeCallback(),  
62.           _rotateAxis(rotateAxis),   
63.           _rotateSpeed(rotateSpeed),  
64.           _rotateAngle(0.0)  
65.       {  
66.           //Nop  
67.       }  
68.   
69.       void setRotateSpeed(double speed)  
70.       {  
71.           _rotateSpeed = speed;  
72.       }  
73.   
74.       double getRotateSpeed() const  
75.       {  
76.           return _rotateSpeed;  
77.       }  
78.   
79.       virtual void operator()(osg::Node* node, osg::NodeVisitor* nv)  
80.       {  
81.           osg::MatrixTransform *currentMT = dynamic_cast<osg::MatrixTransform*>(node);  
82.           if (currentMT)  
83.           {  
84.               //获取当前的平移位置  
85.               osg::Vec3d currentTranslate = currentMT->getMatrix().getTrans();  
86.               osg::Matrix newMatrix = osg::Matrix::rotate(_rotateAngle, _rotateAxis) * osg::Matrix::translate(currentTranslate);  
87.               currentMT->setMatrix(newMatrix);  
88.               _rotateAngle += _rotateSpeed;  
89.           }  
90.   
91.           traverse(node, nv);  
92.       }  
93.   
94.   
95. private:  
96.     osg::Vec3d _rotateAxis;         //旋转轴  
97.     double        _rotateSpeed;     //旋转速度  
98.     double        _rotateAngle;     //当前旋转的角度  
99. };  
100.   
101.   
102.   
103.   
104. //  
105.   
106. class ManipulatorSceneHandler : public osgGA::GUIEventHandler  
107. {  
108. public:  
109.     ManipulatorSceneHandler()  
110.     {  
111.     }  
112.   
113.     virtual bool handle(const osgGA::GUIEventAdapter& ea, osgGA::GUIActionAdapter& aa)  
114.     {  
115.         osgViewer::Viewer *viewer = dynamic_cast<osgViewer::Viewer*>(&aa);  
116.         if (!viewer)  
117.             return false;  
118.         if (!viewer->getSceneData())  
119.             return false;  
120.         if (ea.getHandled())   
121.             return false;  
122.   
123.         osg::Group *root = viewer->getSceneData()->asGroup();  
124.   
125.         switch(ea.getEventType())  
126.         {  
127.         case(osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEYDOWN):  
128.             {  
129.                 if (ea.getKey() == osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEY_Left)  
130.                 {  
131.                     FindFirstNamedNodeVisitor fnv("yRotMT");  
132.                     root->accept(fnv);  
133.   
134.                     osg::Node *mtNode = fnv._foundNode;  
135.                     osg::MatrixTransform *yRotMT = dynamic_cast<osg::MatrixTransform*>(mtNode);  
136.                     if (!yRotMT)  
137.                         return false;  
138.   
139.                     RotateCallback *rotCallback = dynamic_cast<RotateCallback*>(yRotMT->getUpdateCallback());  
140.   
141.                     if (!rotCallback)  
142.                         return false;  
143.   
144.                     double speed = rotCallback->getRotateSpeed();  
145.                     speed += 0.02;  
146.                     rotCallback->setRotateSpeed(speed);  
147.   
148.                 }  
149.   
150.                 if (ea.getKey() == osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEY_Right)  
151.                 {  
152.                     FindFirstNamedNodeVisitor fnv("yRotMT");  
153.                     root->accept(fnv);  
154.   
155.                     osg::Node *mtNode = fnv._foundNode;  
156.                     osg::MatrixTransform *yRotMT = dynamic_cast<osg::MatrixTransform*>(mtNode);  
157.                     if (!yRotMT)  
158.                         return false;  
159.   
160.                     RotateCallback *rotCallback = dynamic_cast<RotateCallback*>(yRotMT->getUpdateCallback());  
161.   
162.                     if (!rotCallback)  
163.                         return false;  
164.   
165.                     double speed = rotCallback->getRotateSpeed();  
166.                     speed -= 0.02;  
167.                     rotCallback->setRotateSpeed(speed);  
168.                 }  
169.   
170.                 if (ea.getKey() == osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEY_Up)  
171.                 {  
172.                     FindFirstNamedNodeVisitor fnv("xRotMT");  
173.                     root->accept(fnv);  
174.   
175.                     osg::Node *mtNode = fnv._foundNode;  
176.                     osg::MatrixTransform *xRotMT = dynamic_cast<osg::MatrixTransform*>(mtNode);  
177.                     if (!xRotMT)  
178.                         return false;  
179.   
180.                     RotateCallback *rotCallback = dynamic_cast<RotateCallback*>(xRotMT->getUpdateCallback());  
181.   
182.                     if (!rotCallback)  
183.                         return false;  
184.   
185.                     double speed = rotCallback->getRotateSpeed();  
186.                     speed += 0.02;  
187.                     rotCallback->setRotateSpeed(speed);  
188.                 }  
189.   
190.                 if (ea.getKey()== osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEY_Down)  
191.                 {  
192.                     FindFirstNamedNodeVisitor fnv("xRotMT");  
193.                     root->accept(fnv);  
194.   
195.                     osg::Node *mtNode = fnv._foundNode;  
196.                     osg::MatrixTransform *xRotMT = dynamic_cast<osg::MatrixTransform*>(mtNode);  
197.                     if (!xRotMT)  
198.                         return false;  
199.   
200.                     RotateCallback *rotCallback = dynamic_cast<RotateCallback*>(xRotMT->getUpdateCallback());  
201.   
202.                     if (!rotCallback)  
203.                         return false;  
204.   
205.                     double speed = rotCallback->getRotateSpeed();  
206.                     speed -= 0.02;  
207.                     rotCallback->setRotateSpeed(speed);  
208.                 }  
209.   
210.                 if (ea.getKey()== osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEY_Page_Up)  
211.                 {     
212.                     FindFirstNamedNodeVisitor fnv("zoomMT");  
213.                     root->accept(fnv);  
214.   
215.                     osg::Node *mtNode = fnv._foundNode;  
216.                     osg::MatrixTransform *zoomMT = dynamic_cast<osg::MatrixTransform*>(mtNode);  
217.                     if (!zoomMT)  
218.                         return false;  
219.   
220.                     osg::Vec3 trans = zoomMT->getMatrix().getTrans();  
221.                     trans.set(trans.x(), trans.y(), trans.z() + 0.2);  
222.                     zoomMT->setMatrix(osg::Matrix::translate(trans));  
223.                 }  
224.   
225.                 if (ea.getKey()== osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEY_Page_Down)  
226.                 {  
227.                     FindFirstNamedNodeVisitor fnv("zoomMT");  
228.                     root->accept(fnv);  
229.   
230.                     osg::Node *mtNode = fnv._foundNode;  
231.                     osg::MatrixTransform *zoomMT = dynamic_cast<osg::MatrixTransform*>(mtNode);  
232.                     if (!zoomMT)  
233.                         return false;  
234.   
235.                     osg::Vec3 trans = zoomMT->getMatrix().getTrans();  
236.                     trans.set(trans.x(), trans.y(), trans.z() - 0.2);  
237.                     zoomMT->setMatrix(osg::Matrix::translate(trans));  
238.                 }  
239.   
240.                 if (ea.getKey()== osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEY_L)  
241.                 {  
242.                     static int i = 0;  
243.                     if (i % 2 == 0) {  
244.                         root->getOrCreateStateSet()->setMode(GL_LIGHTING, osg::StateAttribute::OFF);  
245.                     } else {  
246.                         root->getOrCreateStateSet()->setMode(GL_LIGHTING, osg::StateAttribute::ON);  
247.                     }  
248.                     ++i;  
249.                 }  
250.   
251.                 if (ea.getKey()== osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEY_F)  
252.                 {  
253.                     FindFirstNamedNodeVisitor fnv("quadGeode");  
254.                     root->accept(fnv);  
255.   
256.                     osg::Node *mtNode = fnv._foundNode;  
257.                     osg::Geode *quadGeode = dynamic_cast<osg::Geode*>(mtNode);  
258.                     if (!quadGeode)  
259.                         return false;  
260.   
261.                     osg::Texture2D *texture2D = dynamic_cast<osg::Texture2D*>(quadGeode->getOrCreateStateSet()->getTextureAttribute(0, osg::StateAttribute::TEXTURE));  
262.   
263.                     static int i = 0;  
264.                     if (i % 3 == 0) {  
265.                         texture2D->setFilter(osg::Texture::MIN_FILTER, osg::Texture::LINEAR);  
266.                         texture2D->setFilter(osg::Texture::MAG_FILTER, osg::Texture::LINEAR);  
267.                     } else if (i % 3 == 1) {  
268.                         texture2D->setFilter(osg::Texture::MIN_FILTER, osg::Texture::LINEAR);  
269.                         texture2D->setFilter(osg::Texture::MAG_FILTER, osg::Texture::LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST);  
270.                     } else {  
271.                         texture2D->setFilter(osg::Texture::MIN_FILTER, osg::Texture::NEAREST);  
272.                         texture2D->setFilter(osg::Texture::MAG_FILTER, osg::Texture::NEAREST);  
273.                     }  
274.                     ++i;  
275.                 }  
276.                   
277.                 if (ea.getKey() == osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEY_Space)  
278.                 {  
279.                     static int index = 0;  
280.                     g_Switch->setSingleChildOn(++index % 5);  
281.                 }  
282.   
283.             }  
284.         default: break;  
285.         }  
286.         return false;  
287.     }  
288. };  
289.   
290. //  
291.   
292. class ViewerWidget : public QWidget, public osgViewer::Viewer  
293. {  
294. public:  
295.     ViewerWidget(osg::Node *scene = NULL)  
296.     {  
297.         QWidget* renderWidget = getRenderWidget( createGraphicsWindow(0,0,100,100), scene);  
298.   
299.         QVBoxLayout* layout = new QVBoxLayout;  
300.         layout->addWidget(renderWidget);  
301.         layout->setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 1);  
302.         setLayout( layout );  
303.   
304.         connect( &_timer, SIGNAL(timeout()), this, SLOT(update()) );  
305.         _timer.start( 10 );  
306.     }  
307.   
308.     QWidget* getRenderWidget( osgQt::GraphicsWindowQt* gw, osg::Node* scene )  
309.     {  
310.         osg::Camera* camera = this->getCamera();  
311.         camera->setGraphicsContext( gw );  
312.   
313.         const osg::GraphicsContext::Traits* traits = gw->getTraits();  
314.   
315.         camera->setClearColor( osg::Vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0) );  
316.         camera->setViewport( new osg::Viewport(0, 0, traits->width, traits->height) );  
317.         camera->setProjectionMatrixAsPerspective(45.0f, static_cast<double>(traits->width)/static_cast<double>(traits->height), 0.1f, 100.0f );  
318.         camera->setViewMatrixAsLookAt(osg::Vec3d(0, 0, 1), osg::Vec3d(0, 0, 0), osg::Vec3d(0, 1, 0));  
319.   
320.         osg::StateSet* globalStateset = camera->getStateSet();  
321.         if (globalStateset)  
322.         {  
323.             osg::LightModel* lightModel = new osg::LightModel;  
324.             lightModel->setAmbientIntensity(osg::Vec4(0,0,0,0));  
325.             globalStateset->setAttributeAndModes(lightModel, osg::StateAttribute::ON);  
326.         }  
327.   
328.         this->setSceneData( scene );  
329.         this->addEventHandler(new ManipulatorSceneHandler());  
330.   
331.         return gw->getGLWidget();  
332.     }  
333.   
334.     osgQt::GraphicsWindowQt* createGraphicsWindow( int x, int y, int w, int h, const std::string& name="", bool windowDecoration=false )  
335.     {  
336.         osg::DisplaySettings* ds = osg::DisplaySettings::instance().get();  
337.         osg::ref_ptr<osg::GraphicsContext::Traits> traits = new osg::GraphicsContext::Traits;  
338.         traits->windowName = name;  
339.         traits->windowDecoration = windowDecoration;  
340.         traits->x = x;  
341.         traits->y = y;  
342.         traits->width = w;  
343.         traits->height = h;  
344.         traits->doubleBuffer = true;  
345.         traits->alpha = ds->getMinimumNumAlphaBits();  
346.         traits->stencil = ds->getMinimumNumStencilBits();  
347.         traits->sampleBuffers = ds->getMultiSamples();  
348.         traits->samples = ds->getNumMultiSamples();  
349.   
350.         return new osgQt::GraphicsWindowQt(traits.get());  
351.     }  
352.   
353.     virtual void paintEvent( QPaintEvent* event )  
354.     {   
355.         frame();   
356.     }  
357.   
358. protected:  
359.   
360.     QTimer _timer;  
361. };  
362.   
363.   
364.   
365. osg::Node*  buildScene()  
366. {  
367.     osg::Group *root = new osg::Group;  
368.   
369.     osg::Light* light = new osg::Light();  
370.     light->setLightNum(0);  
371.     light->setAmbient(osg::Vec4(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f));  
372.     light->setDiffuse(osg::Vec4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f));  
373.     light->setPosition(osg::Vec4(0.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f, 1.0f));  
374.     osg::LightSource* lightsource = new osg::LightSource();  
375.     lightsource->setLight (light);  
376.     root->addChild (lightsource);   
377.   
378.     osg::MatrixTransform *quadMT = new osg::MatrixTransform;  
379.     quadMT->setName("zoomMT");  
380.     quadMT->setMatrix(osg::Matrix::translate(0.0, 0.0, -5.0));  
381.   
382.     osg::MatrixTransform *quadXRotMT = new osg::MatrixTransform;  
383.     quadXRotMT->setName("xRotMT");  
384.     RotateCallback *xRotCallback = new RotateCallback(osg::X_AXIS, 0.0);  
385.     quadXRotMT->setUpdateCallback(xRotCallback);  
386.   
387.   
388.     osg::MatrixTransform *quadYRotMT = new osg::MatrixTransform;  
389.     quadYRotMT->setName("yRotMT");  
390.     RotateCallback *yRotCallback = new RotateCallback(osg::Y_AXIS, 0.0);  
391.     quadYRotMT->setUpdateCallback(yRotCallback);  
392.   
393. //  
394.     //新增代码，使用开关节点管理  
395.     g_Switch = new osg::Switch;  
396.   
397.     //添加立方体  
398.     osg::Geode *box = new osg::Geode;  
399.     osg::ShapeDrawable *boxDrawable = new osg::ShapeDrawable;  
400.     osg::Box *boxShape = new osg::Box(osg::Vec3(0, 0,0), 2);  
401.     boxDrawable->setShape(boxShape);  
402.     box->addDrawable(boxDrawable);  
403.     g_Switch->addChild(box);  
404.   
405.     //添加圆柱体  
406.     osg::Geode *cylinder = new osg::Geode;  
407.     osg::ShapeDrawable *cylinderDrawable = new osg::ShapeDrawable(new osg::Cylinder(osg::Vec3(0,0,0), 0.5, 2.0));  
408.     cylinder->addDrawable(cylinderDrawable);  
409.     g_Switch->addChild(cylinder);  
410.   
411.     //添加圆盘  
412.     osg::Geode *disk = new osg::Geode;  
413.     osg::ShapeDrawable *diskDrawable = new osg::ShapeDrawable(new osg::Cylinder(osg::Vec3(0,0,0), 0.5, 0.001));  
414.     disk->addDrawable(diskDrawable);  
415.     g_Switch->addChild(disk);  
416.   
417.     //添加圆球  
418.     osg::Geode *sphere = new osg::Geode;  
419.     osg::ShapeDrawable *sphereDrawable = new osg::ShapeDrawable(new osg::Sphere(osg::Vec3(0,0,0), 1.3));  
420.     sphere->addDrawable(sphereDrawable);  
421.     g_Switch->addChild(sphere);  
422.   
423.     //添加圆锥  
424.     osg::Geode *cone = new osg::Geode;  
425.     osg::ShapeDrawable *coneDrawable = new osg::ShapeDrawable(new osg::Cone(osg::Vec3(0,0,0), 0.5, 2));  
426.     cone->addDrawable(coneDrawable);  
427.     g_Switch->addChild(cone);  
428.   
429.     g_Switch->setSingleChildOn(0);  
430. //  
431.   
432.     osg::Image *textureImage = osgDB::readImageFile("Data/Wall.bmp");  
433.     osg::Texture2D *texture2D = new osg::Texture2D;  
434.     texture2D->setImage(textureImage);  
435.     texture2D->setFilter(osg::Texture::MIN_FILTER, osg::Texture::NEAREST);  
436.     texture2D->setFilter(osg::Texture::MAG_FILTER, osg::Texture::NEAREST);  
437.     g_Switch->getOrCreateStateSet()->setTextureAttributeAndModes(0, texture2D);  
438.   
439.     quadYRotMT->addChild(g_Switch);  
440.     quadXRotMT->addChild(quadYRotMT);  
441.     quadMT->addChild(quadXRotMT);  
442.   
443.     root->addChild(quadMT);  
444.   
445.     return root;  
446. }  
447.   
448.   
449. int main( int argc, char** argv )  
450. {  
451.     QApplication app(argc, argv);  
452.     ViewerWidget* viewWidget = new ViewerWidget(buildScene());  
453.     viewWidget->setGeometry( 100, 100, 640, 480 );  
454.     viewWidget->show();  
455.     return app.exec();  
456. }