OpenSceneGraph实现的NeHe OpenGL教程 - 第十课

• 简介

本文实现从外部文件中加载场景，并进行简单的场景漫游操作。

一般来说，场景都是通过外部建模工具生成的，然后再通过osg进行读取加载，一方面直接通过顶点生成场景对程序员来说十分困难，另一方面通过外部建模的方式加载场景使得程序变得十分灵活。像我们玩的CS游戏就是通过加载一些地图文件实现在不同的场景之中战斗。

• 实现

在NeHe教程中实现的过程介绍的非常清楚，不熟悉的读者可以参考NeHe教程第十课。在这里我们同样使用NeHe中读取文件的方式以及行进的方式，代码如下

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1. typedef struct tagVERTEX  
2. {  
3.     float x,y,z;  
4.     float u,v;  
5. }VERTEX;  
6.   
7. typedef struct tagTRIANGLE  
8. {  
9.     VERTEX  vertex[3];  
10. }TRIANGLE;  
11.   
12. typedef struct tagSECTOR  
13. {  
14.     int iNumTriangle;  
15.     TRIANGLE *pTriangle;  
16. }SECTOR;  
17. SECTOR  Sector;  
18.   
19. void readstr(FILE *f,char *string)  
20. {  
21.     do  
22.     {  
23.         fgets(string, 255, f);  
24.     } while ((string[0] == '/') || (string[0] == '\n'));  
25. }  
26.   
27. void SetupWorld()  
28. {  
29.     float x, y, z, u, v;  
30.     int numtriangles;  
31.     FILE *filein;  
32.     char oneline[255];  
33.     filein = fopen("Data/world.txt", "rt");             // File To Load World Data From  
34.   
35.     readstr(filein,oneline);  
36.     sscanf(oneline, "NUMPOLLIES %d\n", &numtriangles);  
37.   
38.     Sector.iNumTriangle = numtriangles;  
39.     Sector.pTriangle = new TRIANGLE[numtriangles];  
40.     for(int i = 0; i < numtriangles; i++)  
41.     {  
42.         for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++)  
43.         {  
44.             readstr(filein,oneline);  
45.             sscanf(oneline, "%f %f %f %f %f", &x, &y, &z, &u, &v);  
46.             Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[j].x = x;  
47.             Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[j].y = y;  
48.             Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[j].z = z;  
49.             Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[j].u = u;  
50.             Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[j].v = v;  
51.         }  
52.     }  
53.     fclose(filein);  
54. }  

读取文件的方式有很多种，(在我们的Qt框架中可以通过QFile和QTextStream等方式读取)为了节省时间此处借用了NeHe源码中的读取方式

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1. const float piover180 = 0.0174532925f;  
2. float heading;   
3. float xpos;  
4. float zpos;  
5. GLfloat yrot;  
6.   
7. GLfloat walkbias = 0;  
8. GLfloat walkbiasangle = 0;  
9. GLfloat lookupdown = 0.0f;  

同样的定义了一些变量用来控制角色。之后为了实现在每一帧中修改角色的姿态，我们定义了三个UpdateCallback类用来响应向前行进、左右旋转(绕Y轴旋转)以及上下旋转
(绕X轴旋转)

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1. class TransUpdateCallback : public osg::NodeCallback  
2. {  
3. public:  
4.   
5.     TransUpdateCallback()  
6.     {  
7.         GLfloat xtrans = -xpos;  
8.         GLfloat ztrans = -zpos;  
9.         GLfloat ytrans = -walkbias-0.25f;  
10.         _trans = osg::Vec3d(xtrans, ytrans, ztrans);  
11.     }  
12.   
13.     virtual void operator()(Node* node, NodeVisitor* nv)  
14.     {  
15.         if (dynamic_cast<osg::MatrixTransform*>(node))  
16.         {  
17.             osg::MatrixTransform *moveMT = dynamic_cast<osg::MatrixTransform*>(node);  
18.             moveMT->setMatrix(osg::Matrix::translate(_trans));  
19.         }  
20.   
21.         traverse(node, nv);  
22.     }  
23.   
24.     void setTrans(osg::Vec3d trans)  
25.     {  
26.         _trans = trans;  
27.     }  
28.   
29.     osg::Vec3d _trans;  
30. };  

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1. class RotateXUpdateCallback : public osg::NodeCallback  
2. {  
3.   
4. public:  
5.   
6.     RotateXUpdateCallback()  
7.     {  
8.         _pitch = lookupdown;  
9.     }  
10.   
11.     virtual void operator()(Node* node, NodeVisitor* nv)  
12.     {  
13.         if (dynamic_cast<osg::MatrixTransform*>(node))  
14.         {  
15.             osg::MatrixTransform *rotateX = dynamic_cast<osg::MatrixTransform*>(node);  
16.             rotateX->setMatrix(osg::Matrix::rotate(_pitch, osg::X_AXIS));  
17.         }  
18.   
19.         traverse(node, nv);  
20.     }  
21.   
22.     void setPitch(double pitch)  
23.     {  
24.         _pitch = pitch;  
25.     }  
26.   
27.     double _pitch;  
28. };  
29.   
30.   
31. class RotateYUpdateCallback : public osg::NodeCallback  
32. {  
33.   
34. public:  
35.   
36.     RotateYUpdateCallback()  
37.     {  
38.         _heading = osg::DegreesToRadians(360.0f) - yrot;  
39.     }  
40.   
41.     virtual void operator()(Node* node, NodeVisitor* nv)  
42.     {  
43.         if (dynamic_cast<osg::MatrixTransform*>(node))  
44.         {  
45.             osg::MatrixTransform *rotateY = dynamic_cast<osg::MatrixTransform*>(node);  
46.             rotateY->setMatrix(osg::Matrix::rotate(_heading, osg::Y_AXIS));  
47.         }  
48.   
49.         traverse(node, nv);  
50.     }  
51.   
52.     void setHeading(double heading)  
53.     {  
54.         _heading = heading;  
55.     }  
56.   
57.     double _heading;  
58. };  

接着定义了三个全局的变量，用来记录场景中角色的姿态，在键盘的响应中修改它们实现角色的正确移动和旋转

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1. TransUpdateCallback *g_moveMTCB;  
2. RotateXUpdateCallback *g_xRotMTCB;  
3. RotateYUpdateCallback *g_yRotMTCB;  

接下来构建我们的场景

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1. osg::Group *root = new osg::Group;  
2.   
3. osg::Vec3Array *vertexArray = new osg::Vec3Array;  
4. osg::Vec2Array *textureArray = new osg::Vec2Array;  
5.   
6. unsigned int num = Sector.iNumTriangle;  
7.   
8. for (unsigned i = 0; i < num; ++i)  
9. {  
10.     vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[0].x, Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[0].y, Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[0].z));  
11.     vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[1].x, Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[1].y, Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[1].z));  
12.     vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[2].x, Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[2].y, Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[2].z));  
13.   
14.     textureArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[0].u, Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[0].v));  
15.     textureArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[1].u, Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[1].v));  
16.     textureArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[2].u, Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[2].v));  
17. }  
18.   
19. osg::MatrixTransform *moveMT = new osg::MatrixTransform;  
20. TransUpdateCallback *tucb = new TransUpdateCallback;  
21. moveMT->setUpdateCallback(tucb);  
22. g_moveMTCB = tucb;  
23.   
24. osg::MatrixTransform *headingMT = new osg::MatrixTransform;  
25. RotateYUpdateCallback *ryuc = new RotateYUpdateCallback;  
26. headingMT->setUpdateCallback(ryuc);  
27. g_yRotMTCB = ryuc;  
28.   
29. osg::MatrixTransform *pitchMT = new osg::MatrixTransform;  
30. RotateXUpdateCallback *rxuc = new RotateXUpdateCallback;  
31. pitchMT->setUpdateCallback(rxuc);  
32. g_xRotMTCB = rxuc;  
33.   
34. headingMT->addChild(pitchMT);  
35. pitchMT->addChild(moveMT);  
36.   
37. osg::Geometry *triangleGeometry = new osg::Geometry;  
38. triangleGeometry->setVertexArray(vertexArray);  
39.   
40. triangleGeometry->setTexCoordArray(0, textureArray);  
41. triangleGeometry->getOrCreateStateSet()->setTextureAttributeAndModes(0, createTexture(0));  
42.   
43. triangleGeometry->addPrimitiveSet(new osg::DrawArrays(osg::PrimitiveSet::TRIANGLES, 0, 108));  
44. osg::Geode *triangleGeode = new osg::Geode;  
45. triangleGeometry->getOrCreateStateSet()->setMode(GL_LIGHTING, osg::StateAttribute::OFF);  
46. triangleGeode->addDrawable(triangleGeometry);  
47. moveMT->addChild(triangleGeode);  
48. root->addChild(headingMT);  

构建场景中我们将Callback记录在全局变量中，在EventHandler中修改它们

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1. switch(ea.getEventType())  
2. {  
3. case(osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEYDOWN):  
4.     {  
5.         if (ea.getKey() == osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEY_Up)  
6.         {  
7.             xpos -= (float)sin(heading*piover180) * 0.05f;  
8.             zpos -= (float)cos(heading*piover180) * 0.05f;  
9.             if (walkbiasangle >= 359.0f)  
10.             {  
11.                 walkbiasangle = 0.0f;  
12.             }  
13.             else  
14.             {  
15.                 walkbiasangle+= 10;  
16.             }  
17.             walkbias = (float)sin(walkbiasangle * piover180)/20.0f;  
18.             GLfloat ytrans = -walkbias-0.25f;  
19.             g_moveMTCB->setTrans(osg::Vec3d(-xpos, ytrans, -zpos));  
20.         }  
21.   
22.         if (ea.getKey()== osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEY_Down)  
23.         {     
24.             xpos += (float)sin(heading*piover180) * 0.05f;  
25.             zpos += (float)cos(heading*piover180) * 0.05f;  
26.             if (walkbiasangle <= 1.0f)  
27.             {  
28.                 walkbiasangle = 359.0f;  
29.             }  
30.             else  
31.             {  
32.                 walkbiasangle-= 10;  
33.             }  
34.             walkbias = (float)sin(walkbiasangle * piover180)/20.0f;  
35.             GLfloat ytrans = -walkbias-0.25f;  
36.             g_moveMTCB->setTrans(osg::Vec3d(-xpos, ytrans, -zpos));  
37.         }  
38.   
39.         if (ea.getKey() == osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEY_Left)  
40.         {  
41.             heading -= 1.0f;  
42.             yrot = heading;  
43.             double direction = osg::DegreesToRadians(360.0f) - osg::DegreesToRadians(yrot);  
44.             g_yRotMTCB->setHeading(direction);  
45.         }  
46.           
47.         if (ea.getKey() == osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEY_Right)  
48.         {  
49.             heading += 1.0f;  
50.             yrot = heading;  
51.             double direction = osg::DegreesToRadians(360.0f) - osg::DegreesToRadians(yrot);  
52.             g_yRotMTCB->setHeading(direction);  
53.         }  
54.   
55.         if (ea.getKey() == osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEY_Page_Up)  
56.         {  
57.             lookupdown += 1.0f;  
58.             double direction = osg::DegreesToRadians(lookupdown);  
59.             g_xRotMTCB->setPitch(direction);  
60.         }  
61.   
62.         if (ea.getKey() == osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEY_Page_Down)  
63.         {  
64.             lookupdown -= 1.0f;  
65.             double direction = osg::DegreesToRadians(lookupdown);  
66.             g_xRotMTCB->setPitch(direction);  
67.         }  
68.   
69.     }  
70. default: break;  
71. }  

行进以及旋转的方式参考了NeHe教程中的描述。

编译运行程序

附：本课源码(源码中可能存在错误和不足，仅供参考)

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1. #include "../osgNeHe.h"  
2.   
3. #include <QtCore/QTimer>  
4. #include <QtGui/QApplication>  
5. #include <QtGui/QVBoxLayout>  
6.   
7. #include <osgViewer/Viewer>  
8. #include <osgDB/ReadFile>  
9. #include <osgQt/GraphicsWindowQt>  
10.   
11. #include <osg/MatrixTransform>  
12. #include <osg/Texture2D>  
13. #include <osgGA/TrackballManipulator>  
14.   
15. using namespace osg;  
16.   
17. //  
18. //Copied From NeHe Tutorial  
19.   
20. typedef struct tagVERTEX  
21. {  
22.     float x,y,z;  
23.     float u,v;  
24. }VERTEX;  
25.   
26. typedef struct tagTRIANGLE  
27. {  
28.     VERTEX  vertex[3];  
29. }TRIANGLE;  
30.   
31. typedef struct tagSECTOR  
32. {  
33.     int iNumTriangle;  
34.     TRIANGLE *pTriangle;  
35. }SECTOR;  
36. SECTOR  Sector;  
37.   
38. void readstr(FILE *f,char *string)  
39. {  
40.     do  
41.     {  
42.         fgets(string, 255, f);  
43.     } while ((string[0] == '/') || (string[0] == '\n'));  
44. }  
45.   
46. void SetupWorld()  
47. {  
48.     float x, y, z, u, v;  
49.     int numtriangles;  
50.     FILE *filein;  
51.     char oneline[255];  
52.     filein = fopen("Data/world.txt", "rt");             // File To Load World Data From  
53.   
54.     readstr(filein,oneline);  
55.     sscanf(oneline, "NUMPOLLIES %d\n", &numtriangles);  
56.   
57.     Sector.iNumTriangle = numtriangles;  
58.     Sector.pTriangle = new TRIANGLE[numtriangles];  
59.     for(int i = 0; i < numtriangles; i++)  
60.     {  
61.         for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++)  
62.         {  
63.             readstr(filein,oneline);  
64.             sscanf(oneline, "%f %f %f %f %f", &x, &y, &z, &u, &v);  
65.             Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[j].x = x;  
66.             Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[j].y = y;  
67.             Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[j].z = z;  
68.             Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[j].u = u;  
69.             Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[j].v = v;  
70.         }  
71.     }  
72.     fclose(filein);  
73. }  
74.   
75. //End  
76. //  
77.   
78. const float piover180 = 0.0174532925f;  
79. float heading;  
80. float xpos;  
81. float zpos;  
82. GLfloat yrot;  
83.   
84. GLfloat walkbias = 0;  
85. GLfloat walkbiasangle = 0;  
86. GLfloat lookupdown = 0.0f;  
87.   
88. //  
89. //TransUpdateCallback  
90.   
91. class TransUpdateCallback : public osg::NodeCallback  
92. {  
93. public:  
94.   
95.     TransUpdateCallback()  
96.     {  
97.         GLfloat xtrans = -xpos;  
98.         GLfloat ztrans = -zpos;  
99.         GLfloat ytrans = -walkbias-0.25f;  
100.         _trans = osg::Vec3d(xtrans, ytrans, ztrans);  
101.     }  
102.   
103.     virtual void operator()(Node* node, NodeVisitor* nv)  
104.     {  
105.         if (dynamic_cast<osg::MatrixTransform*>(node))  
106.         {  
107.             osg::MatrixTransform *moveMT = dynamic_cast<osg::MatrixTransform*>(node);  
108.             moveMT->setMatrix(osg::Matrix::translate(_trans));  
109.         }  
110.   
111.         traverse(node, nv);  
112.     }  
113.   
114.     void setTrans(osg::Vec3d trans)  
115.     {  
116.         _trans = trans;  
117.     }  
118.   
119.     osg::Vec3d _trans;  
120. };  
121.   
122.   
123. //End  
124. //  
125.   
126.   
127. //  
128. //RotateUpdateCallback   
129.   
130. class RotateXUpdateCallback : public osg::NodeCallback  
131. {  
132.   
133. public:  
134.   
135.     RotateXUpdateCallback()  
136.     {  
137.         _pitch = lookupdown;  
138.     }  
139.   
140.     virtual void operator()(Node* node, NodeVisitor* nv)  
141.     {  
142.         if (dynamic_cast<osg::MatrixTransform*>(node))  
143.         {  
144.             osg::MatrixTransform *rotateX = dynamic_cast<osg::MatrixTransform*>(node);  
145.             rotateX->setMatrix(osg::Matrix::rotate(_pitch, osg::X_AXIS));  
146.         }  
147.   
148.         traverse(node, nv);  
149.     }  
150.   
151.     void setPitch(double pitch)  
152.     {  
153.         _pitch = pitch;  
154.     }  
155.   
156.     double _pitch;  
157. };  
158.   
159.   
160. class RotateYUpdateCallback : public osg::NodeCallback  
161. {  
162.   
163. public:  
164.   
165.     RotateYUpdateCallback()  
166.     {  
167.         _heading = osg::DegreesToRadians(360.0f) - yrot;  
168.     }  
169.   
170.     virtual void operator()(Node* node, NodeVisitor* nv)  
171.     {  
172.         if (dynamic_cast<osg::MatrixTransform*>(node))  
173.         {  
174.             osg::MatrixTransform *rotateY = dynamic_cast<osg::MatrixTransform*>(node);  
175.             rotateY->setMatrix(osg::Matrix::rotate(_heading, osg::Y_AXIS));  
176.         }  
177.   
178.         traverse(node, nv);  
179.     }  
180.   
181.     void setHeading(double heading)  
182.     {  
183.         _heading = heading;  
184.     }  
185.   
186.     double _heading;  
187. };  
188.   
189.   
190. //End  
191. //  
192.   
193. TransUpdateCallback *g_moveMTCB;  
194. RotateXUpdateCallback *g_xRotMTCB;  
195. RotateYUpdateCallback *g_yRotMTCB;  
196.   
197.   
198.   
199. osg::Texture2D*  createTexture(int mode)  
200. {  
201.     osg::Image *textureImage = osgDB::readImageFile("Data/Mud.bmp");  
202.     osg::Texture2D *texture2D = new osg::Texture2D;  
203.     texture2D->setImage(textureImage);  
204.   
205.     if (mode == 0)  
206.     {  
207.         texture2D->setFilter(osg::Texture::MIN_FILTER, osg::Texture::NEAREST);  
208.         texture2D->setFilter(osg::Texture::MAG_FILTER, osg::Texture::NEAREST);  
209.     }  
210.     else if (mode == 1)  
211.     {  
212.         texture2D->setFilter(osg::Texture::MIN_FILTER, osg::Texture::LINEAR);  
213.         texture2D->setFilter(osg::Texture::MAG_FILTER, osg::Texture::LINEAR);  
214.     }  
215.     else if (mode == 2)  
216.     {  
217.         texture2D->setFilter(osg::Texture::MIN_FILTER, osg::Texture::LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST);  
218.         texture2D->setFilter(osg::Texture::MAG_FILTER, osg::Texture::LINEAR);  
219.     }  
220.   
221.     texture2D->setWrap(osg::Texture::WRAP_R, osg::Texture::REPEAT);  
222.     texture2D->setWrap(osg::Texture::WRAP_S, osg::Texture::REPEAT);  
223.     texture2D->setWrap(osg::Texture::WRAP_T, osg::Texture::REPEAT);  
224.   
225.     return texture2D;  
226. }  
227.   
228. //  
229.   
230. class ManipulatorSceneHandler : public osgGA::GUIEventHandler  
231. {  
232. public:  
233.     ManipulatorSceneHandler()  
234.     {  
235.     }  
236.   
237.     virtual bool handle(const osgGA::GUIEventAdapter& ea, osgGA::GUIActionAdapter& aa)  
238.     {  
239.         osgViewer::Viewer *viewer = dynamic_cast<osgViewer::Viewer*>(&aa);  
240.         if (!viewer)  
241.             return false;  
242.         if (!viewer->getSceneData())  
243.             return false;  
244.         if (ea.getHandled())   
245.             return false;  
246.   
247.         osg::Group *root = viewer->getSceneData()->asGroup();  
248.   
249.         switch(ea.getEventType())  
250.         {  
251.         case(osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEYDOWN):  
252.             {  
253.                 if (ea.getKey() == osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEY_Up)  
254.                 {  
255.                     xpos -= (float)sin(heading*piover180) * 0.05f;  
256.                     zpos -= (float)cos(heading*piover180) * 0.05f;  
257.                     if (walkbiasangle >= 359.0f)  
258.                     {  
259.                         walkbiasangle = 0.0f;  
260.                     }  
261.                     else  
262.                     {  
263.                         walkbiasangle+= 10;  
264.                     }  
265.                     walkbias = (float)sin(walkbiasangle * piover180)/20.0f;  
266.                     GLfloat ytrans = -walkbias-0.25f;  
267.                     g_moveMTCB->setTrans(osg::Vec3d(-xpos, ytrans, -zpos));  
268.                 }  
269.   
270.                 if (ea.getKey()== osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEY_Down)  
271.                 {     
272.                     xpos += (float)sin(heading*piover180) * 0.05f;  
273.                     zpos += (float)cos(heading*piover180) * 0.05f;  
274.                     if (walkbiasangle <= 1.0f)  
275.                     {  
276.                         walkbiasangle = 359.0f;  
277.                     }  
278.                     else  
279.                     {  
280.                         walkbiasangle-= 10;  
281.                     }  
282.                     walkbias = (float)sin(walkbiasangle * piover180)/20.0f;  
283.                     GLfloat ytrans = -walkbias-0.25f;  
284.                     g_moveMTCB->setTrans(osg::Vec3d(-xpos, ytrans, -zpos));  
285.                 }  
286.   
287.                 if (ea.getKey() == osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEY_Left)  
288.                 {  
289.                     heading -= 1.0f;  
290.                     yrot = heading;  
291.                     double direction = osg::DegreesToRadians(360.0f) - osg::DegreesToRadians(yrot);  
292.                     g_yRotMTCB->setHeading(direction);  
293.                 }  
294.                   
295.                 if (ea.getKey() == osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEY_Right)  
296.                 {  
297.                     heading += 1.0f;  
298.                     yrot = heading;  
299.                     double direction = osg::DegreesToRadians(360.0f) - osg::DegreesToRadians(yrot);  
300.                     g_yRotMTCB->setHeading(direction);  
301.                 }  
302.   
303.                 if (ea.getKey() == osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEY_Page_Up)  
304.                 {  
305.                     lookupdown += 1.0f;  
306.                     double direction = osg::DegreesToRadians(lookupdown);  
307.                     g_xRotMTCB->setPitch(direction);  
308.                 }  
309.   
310.                 if (ea.getKey() == osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEY_Page_Down)  
311.                 {  
312.                     lookupdown -= 1.0f;  
313.                     double direction = osg::DegreesToRadians(lookupdown);  
314.                     g_xRotMTCB->setPitch(direction);  
315.                 }  
316.   
317.             }  
318.         default: break;  
319.         }  
320.         return false;  
321.     }  
322. };  
323.   
324. //  
325.   
326.   
327. class ViewerWidget : public QWidget, public osgViewer::Viewer  
328. {  
329. public:  
330.     ViewerWidget(osg::Node *scene = NULL)  
331.     {  
332.         QWidget* renderWidget = getRenderWidget( createGraphicsWindow(0,0,100,100), scene);  
333.   
334.         QVBoxLayout* layout = new QVBoxLayout;  
335.         layout->addWidget(renderWidget);  
336.         layout->setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 1);  
337.         setLayout( layout );  
338.   
339.         connect( &_timer, SIGNAL(timeout()), this, SLOT(update()) );  
340.         _timer.start( 10 );  
341.     }  
342.   
343.     QWidget* getRenderWidget( osgQt::GraphicsWindowQt* gw, osg::Node* scene )  
344.     {  
345.         osg::Camera* camera = this->getCamera();  
346.         camera->setGraphicsContext( gw );  
347.   
348.         const osg::GraphicsContext::Traits* traits = gw->getTraits();  
349.   
350.         camera->setClearColor( osg::Vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0) );  
351.         camera->setViewport( new osg::Viewport(0, 0, traits->width, traits->height) );  
352.         camera->setProjectionMatrixAsPerspective(45.0f, static_cast<double>(traits->width)/static_cast<double>(traits->height), 0.1f, 100.0f );  
353.         camera->setViewMatrixAsLookAt(osg::Vec3d(0, 0, 1), osg::Vec3d(0, 0, 0), osg::Vec3d(0, 1, 0));  
354.   
355.         this->setSceneData( scene );  
356.         this->addEventHandler(new ManipulatorSceneHandler);  
357.   
358.         return gw->getGLWidget();  
359.     }  
360.   
361.     osgQt::GraphicsWindowQt* createGraphicsWindow( int x, int y, int w, int h, const std::string& name="", bool windowDecoration=false )  
362.     {  
363.         osg::DisplaySettings* ds = osg::DisplaySettings::instance().get();  
364.         osg::ref_ptr<osg::GraphicsContext::Traits> traits = new osg::GraphicsContext::Traits;  
365.         traits->windowName = name;  
366.         traits->windowDecoration = windowDecoration;  
367.         traits->x = x;  
368.         traits->y = y;  
369.         traits->width = w;  
370.         traits->height = h;  
371.         traits->doubleBuffer = true;  
372.         traits->alpha = ds->getMinimumNumAlphaBits();  
373.         traits->stencil = ds->getMinimumNumStencilBits();  
374.         traits->sampleBuffers = ds->getMultiSamples();  
375.         traits->samples = ds->getNumMultiSamples();  
376.   
377.         return new osgQt::GraphicsWindowQt(traits.get());  
378.     }  
379.   
380.     virtual void paintEvent( QPaintEvent* event )  
381.     {   
382.         frame();   
383.     }  
384.   
385. protected:  
386.   
387.     QTimer _timer;  
388. };  
389.   
390.   
391.   
392. osg::Node*  buildScene()  
393. {  
394.     SetupWorld();  
395.     osg::Group *root = new osg::Group;  
396.   
397.     osg::Vec3Array *vertexArray = new osg::Vec3Array;  
398.     osg::Vec2Array *textureArray = new osg::Vec2Array;  
399.   
400.     unsigned int num = Sector.iNumTriangle;  
401.   
402.     for (unsigned i = 0; i < num; ++i)  
403.     {  
404.         vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[0].x, Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[0].y, Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[0].z));  
405.         vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[1].x, Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[1].y, Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[1].z));  
406.         vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[2].x, Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[2].y, Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[2].z));  
407.   
408.         textureArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[0].u, Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[0].v));  
409.         textureArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[1].u, Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[1].v));  
410.         textureArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[2].u, Sector.pTriangle[i].vertex[2].v));  
411.     }  
412.   
413.     osg::MatrixTransform *moveMT = new osg::MatrixTransform;  
414.     TransUpdateCallback *tucb = new TransUpdateCallback;  
415.     moveMT->setUpdateCallback(tucb);  
416.     g_moveMTCB = tucb;  
417.   
418.     osg::MatrixTransform *headingMT = new osg::MatrixTransform;  
419.     RotateYUpdateCallback *ryuc = new RotateYUpdateCallback;  
420.     headingMT->setUpdateCallback(ryuc);  
421.     g_yRotMTCB = ryuc;  
422.   
423.     osg::MatrixTransform *pitchMT = new osg::MatrixTransform;  
424.     RotateXUpdateCallback *rxuc = new RotateXUpdateCallback;  
425.     pitchMT->setUpdateCallback(rxuc);  
426.     g_xRotMTCB = rxuc;  
427.   
428.     headingMT->addChild(pitchMT);  
429.     pitchMT->addChild(moveMT);  
430.   
431.     osg::Geometry *triangleGeometry = new osg::Geometry;  
432.     triangleGeometry->setVertexArray(vertexArray);  
433.   
434.     triangleGeometry->setTexCoordArray(0, textureArray);  
435.     triangleGeometry->getOrCreateStateSet()->setTextureAttributeAndModes(0, createTexture(0));  
436.   
437.     triangleGeometry->addPrimitiveSet(new osg::DrawArrays(osg::PrimitiveSet::TRIANGLES, 0, 108));  
438.     osg::Geode *triangleGeode = new osg::Geode;  
439.     triangleGeometry->getOrCreateStateSet()->setMode(GL_LIGHTING, osg::StateAttribute::OFF);  
440.     triangleGeode->addDrawable(triangleGeometry);  
441.     moveMT->addChild(triangleGeode);  
442.     root->addChild(headingMT);  
443.   
444.     return root;  
445. }  
446.   
447.   
448. int main( int argc, char** argv )  
449. {  
450.     QApplication app(argc, argv);  
451.     ViewerWidget* viewWidget = new ViewerWidget(buildScene());  
452.     viewWidget->setGeometry( 100, 100, 640, 480 );  
453.     viewWidget->show();  
454.     return app.exec();  
455. }