1.设计对象并使用
(1)类和对象
类(设计图):是对象共同特征的描述
对象:是真实存在的具体东西
在java中,必须先设计类,才能获得对象
public class Phone {
// 属性:
// 设计图
String brand;
double prices;
// 行为:
public void call(){
System.out.println("手机在打电话");
}
public void playgame(){
System.out.println("手机在打游戏");
}
}
public class Phonetest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 创建手机的对象:
Phone P1 = new Phone();
// 给手机赋值:
P1.brand = "华为";
P1.prices = 1999.9;
// 获取手机对象的值:
System.out.println(P1.brand);
System.out.println(P1.prices);
// 调用手机中的方法:
P1.call();
P1.playgame();
Phone P2 = new Phone();
// 给手机赋值:
P2.brand = "小米";
P2.prices = 1399.9;
// 获取手机对象的值:
System.out.println(P2.brand);
System.out.println(P2.prices);
// 调用手机中的方法:
P2.call();
P2.playgame();
}
}
(2)类的几个补充注意事项
2.封装
(1)private 关键字
对于每个私有化的成员变量,都要提供get和set的方法;
set方法:给成员变量赋值;
get 方法:对外提供成员变量的值;
public class GirlFriend {
// 属性
private String Name;
private int Age;
private String Gender;
// 对于每个私有化的成员变量,都要提供get和set的方法;
// set方法:给成员变量赋值;所以需要参数,不需要返回值
public void setName(String n){
Name = n;
}
//get 方法:对外提供成员变量的值;需要返回值,且声明好返回值的类型
public String getName(){
return Name;
}
public void setAge(int a){
Age = a;
}
public int getAge(){
return Age;
}
public void eat(){
System.out.println("在吃饭");
}
// 行为
public void sleep(){
System.out.println("在睡觉");
}
}
public class GirlFriendtest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
GirlFriend gf1 = new GirlFriend();
// 赋值
gf1.setName("张三");
gf1.setAge(18);
// 获取
System.out.println(gf1.getName());
System.out.println(gf1.getAge());
gf1.eat();
gf1.sleep();
}
}
3.this关键字
本质:所在方法调用者的地址值
4.构造方法
public class Student {
private String name;
private int age;
public Student(String name,int age){
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public void setname(){
this.name = name;
}
public String getname(){
return name;
}
public void setage(){
this.name = name;
}
public int getage(){
return age;
}
}
public class StudentTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student s1 = new Student("张三",18);
System.out.println(s1.getname());
System.out.println(s1.getage());
}
}
5.标准的javabean类
public class User {
private String username;
private String password;
private String email;
private String gender;
private int age;
public User(){
//空参
}
// 全参
public User(String username,String password,String email,String gender,int age){
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
this.email = email;
this.gender = gender;
this.age = age;
}
// 提供get和set方法
public void setUsername(){
this.username = username;
}
public String getUsername(){
return username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
public String getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(String gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
public class UserTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
User u1 = new User("张三","123456","312456","男",28);
System.out.println(u1.getUsername());
System.out.println(u1.getPassword());
System.out.println(u1.getEmail());
System.out.println(u1.getGender());
System.out.println(u1.getAge());
}
}