重构设计模式

• 对接口编程而不是对实现编程
• 优先使用对象组合而不是继承

单例模式

• 说明：单例类创建自己的唯一实例，并提供使用实例的接口
• 用途：一个全局类被频繁的创建和销毁

静态实现

• 线程安全
• 非懒加载

class SingleInstance{
    private static SingleInstance instance = new SingleInstance();
    private SingleInstance(){}
    public static SingleInstance getInstance(){
        return instance;
    }
    public void getMsg(){
        System.out.println("singleton pattern");
    }
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SingleInstance instance = SingleInstance.getInstance();
        instance.getMsg();
    }
}
//output：
//singleton pattern

双重校验锁（DCL）

• 线程安全
• 懒加载

class Singleton{
    private volatile static Singleton singleton;
    private Singleton(){}
    public static Singleton getInstance(){
        if (singleton == null) {
            synchronized (Singleton.class) {
                if (singleton == null) {
                    singleton = new Singleton();
                }
            }
        }
        return singleton;
    }
    public void getMsg(){
        System.out.println("singleton pattern of DCL");
    }
}
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Singleton singleton = Singleton.getInstance();
        singleton.getMsg();
    }
}
//output：
//singleton pattern of DCL

静态内部类（推荐）

• 线程安全
• 懒加载

class Singleton{
    private static class SingletonHolder{
        private static final Singleton singleton = new Singleton();
    }
    private Singleton(){}
    public static Singleton getInstance(){
        return SingletonHolder.singleton;
    }
    public void getMsg(){
        System.out.println("single pattern of static inner class");
    }
}
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Singleton singleton = Singleton.getInstance();
        singleton.getMsg();
    }
}
//output：
//singleton pattern of static inner class