将文件内容写入链表 --再把链表写回文件（Linux环境下）

这几天学了文件处理相关的知识，这里用这个例子来结合理解链表和文件处理。

要求：程序运行起来，检测是否存在目标文件，如果存在，读取文件内容，并保存在链表中，再一 一输出，输出结束问是否要更新文件，支持数据修改，数据添加
（这里我用的学生成绩管理系统）。
如果不存在，手动输入，用链表保存到文件中。

实现思路：首先，我先假设这个文件的形式是以学号、姓名、成绩占据每行。
就是这样的：

1
zhangsan
98
2
lisi
90

那么核心就是把文件读取到链表，在以链表形式写入文件。

读取文件写入链表：

	f1=fopen(p,"r");
	//fscanf函数的作用就是一行行的读取文件，并把文件的值存放在想要存放的值
	while(fscanf(f1, "%d%s%d\n", &num_student,name_student,&score_student)!=EOF)
	{
		new=(struct Student *)malloc(sizeof(struct Student));
		new->name=(char *)malloc(128);
		new->pnext=NULL;
		new->num=num_student;
		new->score=score_student;
		strcpy(new->name,name_student);
		tail->pnext=new;//尾插法
        tail=new;   
	}
	fclose(f1);

把链表写入文件：

void Deposit_file(struct Student *p,char *fd,int eo)
{
	FILE *fp;
	if(eo==1)//eo是检测文件是否存在
	{
		fp=fopen(fd,"w+");
	}
	else
	{
		fp=fopen(fd,"a+");
	}
	while(p!=NULL)
	{
		fprintf(fp,"%d\n",p->num);
		fprintf(fp,"%s\n",p->name);
		fprintf(fp,"%d\n",p->score);
		p=p->pnext;
	}
}

那么剩下的就简单了 。
下面就把完整代码发出来
（备注：我这个代码运行是基于我的假设文件形式来写的 ，主要是提供一个思路）

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<fcntl.h>
struct Student
{
	int num;
	char *name;
	int score;
	struct Student *pnext;
};
void InitStu(struct Student *new,int i)
{
	printf("请输入No %d 位学号\n", i+1);
	scanf("%d",&(new->num));
	printf("请输入No %d 位分数\n", i+1);
	scanf("%d",&(new->score));
	printf("请输入No %d 位姓名\n", i+1);
	scanf("%s",new->name);
}
struct Student *InitLink()
{
	int len;
	int i;
	struct Student *new;
	struct Student *head;
	struct Student *tail;

	head=(struct Student *)malloc(sizeof(struct Student));
	head->name=(char *)malloc(128);
	head->pnext=NULL;
	tail=head;

	printf("请问您要输入几位学生信息：\n");
	scanf("%d",&len);
	for(i=0;i<len;i++)
	{
		new=(struct Student *)malloc(sizeof(struct Student));
		new->name=(char *)malloc(128);
		new->pnext=NULL;
		InitStu(new,i);
		tail->pnext=new;
		tail=new;
		if(i==0)
		{
			head=new;
		}
	}
	return head;
}
int judge_file(char *p)
{
	FILE *f1;
	f1=fopen(p,"r+");
	if(f1==NULL)
	{
		return 0;
	}
	fclose(f1);
	return 1;
}
struct Student *Filetolink(char *p)
{
	FILE *f1;
	int num_student;
	int score_student;
    char name_student[20];

	struct Student *head;
	struct Student *tail;
	struct Student *new;

	head=(struct Student *)malloc(sizeof(struct Student));
	head->name=(char *)malloc(128);
	head->pnext=NULL;
	tail=head;

	/*head->num=0;
	head->score=100;
	strcpy(head->name,"lw");*/
	f1=fopen(p,"r");
	while(fscanf(f1, "%d%s%d\n", &num_student,name_student,&score_student)!=EOF)
	{
		new=(struct Student *)malloc(sizeof(struct Student));
		new->name=(char *)malloc(128);
		new->pnext=NULL;
		new->num=num_student;
		new->score=score_student;
		strcpy(new->name,name_student);
		tail->pnext=new;
        tail=new;   
	}
	fclose(f1);
	head=head->pnext;
	return head;

}
struct Student *Alter_link(struct Student **p,int s_num,int s_score)
{
	struct Student *head=*p;
	while(head!=NULL)
	{
		if(head->num==s_num)
		{
			head->score=s_score;
		}
		head=head->pnext;
	}
	return *p;
}
struct Student *Add_link(struct Student *p,int id,int mark,char mon[20])
{
	struct Student *head=p;
	struct Student *tmp;
	tmp=(struct Student *)malloc(sizeof(struct Student));
	tmp->name=(char *)malloc(20);
	tmp->pnext=NULL;

	tmp->score=mark;
	tmp->num=id;
	strcpy(tmp->name,mon);
	
	while(head->pnext!=NULL)
	{
		head=head->pnext;
	}
	head->pnext=tmp;
	return p;
}
int id_student(struct Student *p)
{
	int id;
	while(p!=NULL)
	{
		if(p->pnext==NULL)
		{
			id=p->num;
		}
		p=p->pnext;
	}
	return id;
}

void Deposit_file(struct Student *p,char *fd,int eo)
{
	FILE *fp;
	if(eo==1)
	{
		fp=fopen(fd,"w+");
	}
	else
	{
		fp=fopen(fd,"a+");
	}
	while(p!=NULL)
	{
		fprintf(fp,"%d\n",p->num);
		fprintf(fp,"%s\n",p->name);
		fprintf(fp,"%d\n",p->score);
		p=p->pnext;
	}
}
void printlink(struct Student *p)
{
	while(p!=NULL)
	{
		printf("%d %s %d\n",p->num,p->name,p->score);
		p=p->pnext;
	}
}
int main(int argc, char  *argv[])
{
	int ver;
	int s_num;
	int s_score;
	int a_score;
	char a_name[20];
	struct Student *stu;
	struct Student *stu1;
	if(judge_file(argv[1])==1)
	{
		printf("文件存在\n");
		printf("是否更新数据?\n");
		stu=Filetolink(argv[1]);
		while(1)
		{
			
		printf("1-添加学生信息，2-修改学生信息，3-不更新，退出\n");
		scanf("%d",&ver);
		switch(ver)
		{ 
			case 1:
				printf("请输入要添加的学生的姓名\n");
				scanf("%s",a_name);
				printf("请输入要添加的学生的成绩\n");
				scanf("%d",&a_score);
				stu=Add_link(stu,id_student(stu)+1,a_score,a_name);
				Deposit_file(stu,argv[1],judge_file(argv[1]));
				printlink(stu);
			break;
			case 2:
				printf("输入想要修改的学生的学号\n");
				scanf("%d",&s_num);
				printf("请输入要修改的学生的成绩\n");
				scanf("%d",&s_score);
				stu=Alter_link(&stu,s_num,s_score);
				Deposit_file(stu,argv[1],judge_file(argv[1]));
				printlink(stu);
				break;
			case 3:
				Deposit_file(stu,argv[1],judge_file(argv[1]));
				printlink(stu);
				exit(0);
				break;
			default:
				printf("请输入1-3\n");
				break;

		}
		}
	}
	else
	{
		stu=InitLink();
		Deposit_file(stu,argv[1],judge_file(argv[1]));
		printlink(stu);
	}
	return 0;
}