概述
Excel是我们平时工作中比较常用的用于存储二维表数据的,JAVA也可以直接对Excel进行操作,分别有jxl和poi,2种方式。
从官方文档中了解到:POI提供的HSSF包用于操作 Excel ‘97(-2007)的.xls文件,而XSSF包则用于操作Excel2007之后的.xslx文件。
参考poi官网:http://poi.apache.org/index.html
参考博客:https://www.cnblogs.com/h–d/p/6735110.html
代码
要使用poi,必须引入poi的jar包,maven依赖如下(最新包可参考mvn信息):
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi</artifactId>
<version>3.14</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
<version>3.14</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-ooxml-schemas</artifactId>
<version>3.14</version>
</dependency>
使用poi创建execl文件
其中部分方法可以封装,或者省略
package test.dzy.poi;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Date;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.CellStyle;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.ClientAnchor;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Comment;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.CreationHelper;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.DataFormat;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Drawing;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Font;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.RichTextString;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddress;
public class CreateExcel {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
Workbook[] wbs = new Workbook[] { new HSSFWorkbook(), new XSSFWorkbook() };
for (int i = 0; i < wbs.length; i++) {
Workbook workbook = wbs[i];
// 得到一个POI的工具类
CreationHelper createHelper = workbook.getCreationHelper();
// 在Excel工作簿中建一工作表,其名为缺省值, 也可以指定Sheet名称
Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet();
// Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("SheetName");
// 用于格式化单元格的数据
DataFormat format = workbook.createDataFormat();
// 设置字体(可封装)
Font font = workbook.createFont();
font.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 20); // 字体高度
font.setColor(Font.COLOR_RED); // 字体颜色
font.setFontName("黑体"); // 字体
font.setBoldweight(Font.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD); // 宽度
font.setItalic(true); // 是否使用斜体
// font.setStrikeout(true); //是否使用划线
// 设置单元格类型(可封装)
CellStyle cellStyle = workbook.createCellStyle();
cellStyle.setFont(font);
cellStyle.setAlignment(CellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER); // 水平布局:居中
cellStyle.setWrapText(true);
CellStyle cellStyle2 = workbook.createCellStyle();
cellStyle2.setDataFormat(format.getFormat("#, ## 0.0"));
CellStyle cellStyle3 = workbook.createCellStyle();
cellStyle3.setDataFormat(format.getFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));
// 添加单元格注释(可封装)
// 创建Drawing对象,Drawing是所有注释的容器.
Drawing drawing = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch();
// ClientAnchor是附属在WorkSheet上的一个对象, 其固定在一个单元格的左上角和右下角.
ClientAnchor anchor = createHelper.createClientAnchor();
// 设置注释位子(可封装)
anchor.setRow1(0);
anchor.setRow2(2);
anchor.setCol1(0);
anchor.setCol2(2);
// 定义注释的大小和位置,详见文档(可封装)
Comment comment = drawing.createCellComment(anchor);
// 设置注释内容
RichTextString str = createHelper.createRichTextString("Hello, World!");
comment.setString(str);
// 设置注释作者. 当鼠标移动到单元格上是可以在状态栏中看到该内容.
comment.setAuthor("H__D");
// 定义几行
for (int rownum = 0; rownum < 30; rownum++) {
// 创建行
Row row = sheet.createRow(rownum);
// 创建单元格
Cell cell = row.createCell((short) 1);
cell.setCellValue(createHelper.createRichTextString("Hello!" + rownum));// 设置单元格内容
cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);// 设置单元格样式
cell.setCellType(Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);// 指定单元格格式:数值、公式或字符串
cell.setCellComment(comment);// 添加注释
// 格式化数据
Cell cell2 = row.createCell((short) 2);
cell2.setCellValue(11111.25);
cell2.setCellStyle(cellStyle2);
Cell cell3 = row.createCell((short) 3);
cell3.setCellValue(new Date());
cell3.setCellStyle(cellStyle3);
sheet.autoSizeColumn((short) 0); // 调整第一列宽度
sheet.autoSizeColumn((short) 1); // 调整第二列宽度
sheet.autoSizeColumn((short) 2); // 调整第三列宽度
sheet.autoSizeColumn((short) 3); // 调整第四列宽度
}
// 合并单元格
sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(1, // 第一行(0)
2, // last row(0-based)
1, // 第一列(基于0)
// 最后一列(基于0)
));
// 保存
String filename = "C:/Users/H__D/Desktop/workbook.xls";
if (workbook instanceof XSSFWorkbook) {
filename = filename + "x";
}
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(filename);
workbook.write(out);
out.close();
}
}
}
使用poi修改execl文件
package test.dzy.poi;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import org.apache.poi.EncryptedDocumentException;
import org.apache.poi.openxml4j.exceptions.InvalidFormatException;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.WorkbookFactory;
public class UpdateExcel {
public static void main(String[] args) throws EncryptedDocumentException, InvalidFormatException, IOException {
InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream("G:/workbook.xls");
//InputStream inp = new FileInputStream("workbook.xlsx");
Workbook workbook = WorkbookFactory.create(inputStream);
Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);
Row row = sheet.getRow(2);
Cell cell = row.getCell(3);
if (cell == null)
cell = row.createCell(3);
cell.setCellType(Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
cell.setCellValue("a test");
// 写操作
FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("C:/Users/H__D/Desktop/workbook.xls");
workbook.write(fileOut);
fileOut.close();
}
}
使用poi解析excel文件
package test.dzy.poi;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import org.apache.poi.EncryptedDocumentException;
import org.apache.poi.openxml4j.exceptions.InvalidFormatException;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.DataFormatter;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.DateUtil;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.WorkbookFactory;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellReference;
import com.microsoft.schemas.office.visio.x2012.main.CellType;
public class ReadExcel {
public static void main(String[] args) throws EncryptedDocumentException, InvalidFormatException, IOException {
InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream("C:/Users/H__D/Desktop/workbook.xls");
//InputStream inp = new FileInputStream("C:/Users/H__D/Desktop/workbook.xls");
Workbook workbook = WorkbookFactory.create(inputStream);
Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);
DataFormatter formatter = new DataFormatter();
for (Row row : sheet) {
for (Cell cell : row) {
CellReference cellRef = new CellReference(row.getRowNum(), cell.getColumnIndex());
//单元格名称
System.out.print(cellRef.formatAsString());
System.out.print(" - ");
//通过获取单元格值并应用任何数据格式(Date,0.00,1.23e9,$ 1.23等),获取单元格中显示的文本
String text = formatter.formatCellValue(cell);
System.out.println(text);
//获取值并自己格式化
switch (cell.getCellType()) {
case Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING:// 字符串型
System.out.println(cell.getRichStringCellValue().getString());
break;
case Cell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC:// 数值型
if (DateUtil.isCellDateFormatted(cell)) { // 如果是date类型则 ,获取该cell的date值
System.out.println(cell.getDateCellValue());
} else {// 纯数字
System.out.println(cell.getNumericCellValue());
}
break;
case Cell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN:// 布尔
System.out.println(cell.getBooleanCellValue());
break;
case Cell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA:// 公式型
System.out.println(cell.getCellFormula());
break;
case Cell.CELL_TYPE_BLANK:// 空值
System.out.println();
break;
case Cell.CELL_TYPE_ERROR: // 故障
System.out.println();
break;
default:
System.out.println();
}
}
}
}
}