Oracle EXPDP和IMPDP指令详解

概要

Oracle 11g及以上版本提供了数据泵技术，可以用来进行数据库的逻辑备份和恢复，Oracle建议使用数据泵来代替EXP和IMP技术。数据泵技术基于Oracle数据库服务器，导入导出的数据文件也保存在数据库服务器端，而EXP/IMP基于客户机运行。利用数据泵技术，Oracle要求必须使用目录对象，以防止用户误操作服务器上特定目录下的操作系统文件。

EXPDP数据访问方法

外部表：从操作系统文件中读取数据；

直接路径：使用直接路径API，很好改善了导入导出性能，因为内部流的数据格式和存储在备份文件中的数据格式相同，减少了数据转换的时间。

查询默认的目录对象

SQL> set linesize 200
SQL> SELECT * FROM dba_directories t
  2  WHERE t.directory_name = 'DATA_PUMP_DIR';

OWNER                          DIRECTORY_NAME                 DIRECTORY_PATH
------------------------------ ------------------------------ -----------------------------------
SYS                            DATA_PUMP_DIR                  E:\app\alen.liu\admin\orcl\dpdump\

创建恢复目录需要CREATE ANY DIRECTORY权限；

SQL> grant create any directory to scott;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> alter session set current_schema=scott;

Session altered.

SQL> create directory scott_pump as 'd:\pump';

Directory created.

SQL>

EXPDP导出技术演示

EXPDP参数

D:\backup>expdp help=y

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Jun 27 17:13:24 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.


The Data Pump export utility provides a mechanism for transferring data objects
between Oracle databases. The utility is invoked with the following command:

   Example: expdp scott/tiger DIRECTORY=dmpdir DUMPFILE=scott.dmp

You can control how Export runs by entering the 'expdp' command followed
by various parameters. To specify parameters, you use keywords:

   Format:  expdp KEYWORD=value or KEYWORD=(value1,value2,...,valueN)
   Example: expdp scott/tiger DUMPFILE=scott.dmp DIRECTORY=dmpdir SCHEMAS=scott
               or TABLES=(T1:P1,T1:P2), if T1 is partitioned table

USERID must be the first parameter on the command line.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The available keywords and their descriptions follow. Default values are listed within square brackets.

ATTACH
Attach to an existing job.
For example, ATTACH=job_name.

COMPRESSION
Reduce the size of a dump file.
Valid keyword values are: ALL, DATA_ONLY, [METADATA_ONLY] and NONE.

CONTENT
Specifies data to unload.
Valid keyword values are: [ALL], DATA_ONLY and METADATA_ONLY.

DATA_OPTIONS
Data layer option flags.
Valid keyword values are: XML_CLOBS.

DIRECTORY
Directory object to be used for dump and log files.

DUMPFILE
Specify list of destination dump file names [expdat.dmp].
For example, DUMPFILE=scott1.dmp, scott2.dmp, dmpdir:scott3.dmp.

ENCRYPTION
Encrypt part or all of a dump file.
Valid keyword values are: ALL, DATA_ONLY, ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY, METADATA_ONLY and NONE.

ENCRYPTION_ALGORITHM
Specify how encryption should be done.
Valid keyword values are: [AES128], AES192 and AES256.

ENCRYPTION_MODE
Method of generating encryption key.
Valid keyword values are: DUAL, PASSWORD and [TRANSPARENT].

ENCRYPTION_PASSWORD
Password key for creating encrypted data within a dump file.

ESTIMATE
Calculate job estimates.
Valid keyword values are: [BLOCKS] and STATISTICS.

ESTIMATE_ONLY
Calculate job estimates without performing the export.

EXCLUDE
Exclude specific object types.
For example, EXCLUDE=SCHEMA:"='HR'".

FILESIZE
Specify the size of each dump file in units of bytes.

FLASHBACK_SCN
SCN used to reset session snapshot.

FLASHBACK_TIME
Time used to find the closest corresponding SCN value.

FULL
Export entire database [N].

HELP
Display Help messages [N].

INCLUDE
Include specific object types.
For example, INCLUDE=TABLE_DATA.

JOB_NAME
Name of export job to create.

LOGFILE
Specify log file name [export.log].

NETWORK_LINK
Name of remote database link to the source system.

NOLOGFILE
Do not write log file [N].

PARALLEL
Change the number of active workers for current job.

PARFILE
Specify parameter file name.

QUERY
Predicate clause used to export a subset of a table.
For example, QUERY=employees:"WHERE department_id > 10".

REMAP_DATA
Specify a data conversion function.
For example, REMAP_DATA=EMP.EMPNO:REMAPPKG.EMPNO.

REUSE_DUMPFILES
Overwrite destination dump file if it exists [N].

SAMPLE
Percentage of data to be exported.

SCHEMAS
List of schemas to export [login schema].

SOURCE_EDITION
Edition to be used for extracting metadata.

STATUS
Frequency (secs) job status is to be monitored where
the default [0] will show new status when available.

TABLES
Identifies a list of tables to export.
For example, TABLES=HR.EMPLOYEES,SH.SALES:SALES_1995.

TABLESPACES
Identifies a list of tablespaces to export.

TRANSPORTABLE
Specify whether transportable method can be used.
Valid keyword values are: ALWAYS and [NEVER].

TRANSPORT_FULL_CHECK
Verify storage segments of all tables [N].

TRANSPORT_TABLESPACES
List of tablespaces from which metadata will be unloaded.

VERSION
Version of objects to export.
Valid keyword values are: [COMPATIBLE], LATEST or any valid database version.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The following commands are valid while in interactive mode.
Note: abbreviations are allowed.

ADD_FILE
Add dumpfile to dumpfile set.

CONTINUE_CLIENT
Return to logging mode. Job will be restarted if idle.

EXIT_CLIENT
Quit client session and leave job running.

FILESIZE
Default filesize (bytes) for subsequent ADD_FILE commands.

HELP
Summarize interactive commands.

KILL_JOB
De