本文探讨了环境外部性和政府干预的主题，通过Acme和US Electric两个公司的案例，分析了两种减排策略的成本。第一种是直接监管，要求每个公司减少25%的硫排放，总成本为$3000。第二种策略是可交易的污染许可证，通过市场交易，Acme和USE以总成本$2000实现了相同的目标，比监管政策更具成本效益。
今日知识点：
Externality and Government Intervention
例题
Externality and Government Intervention
Acme and US Electric run coal-burning power plants. Each emits 40 tons of sulphur dioxide per month, total emissions = 80 tons/month.
Goal: Reduce SO2 emissions 25%, to 60 tons/month
Cost of reducing emissions: $100/ton for Acme, $200/ton for USE
Policy option 1: Regulation
Every firm must cut its emissions 25% (10 tons).
Compute the cost to each firm and total cost of achieving goal using this policy.
解析
Cost to Acme: (10 tons) x ($100/ton) = $1000
Cost to USE: (10 tons) x ($
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