六十七、基础框架（二十五）文件操作－列举 目录内容

有些时候，你  会需要将  目录的内容  列举出来。要将  目录的内容列举出来，既可以采取  enumeratorAtPath:这项措施  也可以采取  directoryContentsAtPath:这项措施。如果  采取  enumeratorAtPath:这项措施，那么  子目录中的内容  也会被列举出来。

如果  采取  directoryContentsAtPath:这项措施，那么  特定目录中的内容  就会被列举出来，列举的结果  会存储  在数组物件当中。如果  目录当中  包含  子目录，那么  子目录的内容  则不会被列举出来。

下面的程序  示范了  如何列举  目录中的内容：

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#import <Foundation/NSArray.h> #import <Foundation/NSString.h> #import <Foundation/NSFileManager.h> #import <Foundation/NSAutoreleasePool.h> int main ( int argc , const char *argv [ ] ) {      NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [ [ NSAutoreleasePool alloc ] init ] ;      NSString *path = @"/Users/Zijin/Desktop/Sample" ;      NSFileManager *myFileManager = [ NSFileManager defaultManager ] ;      NSDirectoryEnumerator *myDirectoryEnumerator ;      NSArray *directoryContents ;      myDirectoryEnumerator = [ myFileManager enumeratorAtPath : path ] ;      //列举目录内容      NSLog ( @"用enumeratorAtPath:显示目录%@的内容：" , path ) ;      while ( ( path = [ myDirectoryEnumerator nextObject ] ) != nil )      {          NSLog ( @"%@" , path ) ;      }      //用另外一种办法列举目录内容      directoryContents = [ myFileManager directoryContentsAtPath : @"/Users/Zijin/Desktop/Sample" ] ;      NSLog ( @"用directoryContentsAtPath:显示目录%@的内容：" , @"/Users/Zijin/Desktop/Sample" ) ;      for ( path in directoryContents )      {          NSLog ( @"%@" , path ) ;      }      [ pool drain ] ;      return 0 ; }

运行  这个程序后，可以得到  这样的结果

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2012-05-13 17:30:46.379 Sample[3665:707] 用enumeratorAtPath:显示目录/Users/Zijin/Desktop/Sample的内容： 2012-05-13 17:30:46.380 Sample[3665:707] .DS_Store 2012-05-13 17:30:46.381 Sample[3665:707] .git 2012-05-13 17:30:46.381 Sample[3665:707] .git/branches 2012-05-13 17:30:46.382 Sample[3665:707] .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG 2012-05-13 17:30:46.382 Sample[3665:707] .git/config 2012-05-13 17:30:46.383 Sample[3665:707] .git/description 2012-05-13 17:30:46.383 Sample[3665:707] .git/HEAD 2012-05-13 17:30:46.384 Sample[3665:707] .git/hooks 2012-05-13 17:30:46.384 Sample[3665:707] .git/hooks/applypatch-msg.sample 2012-05-13 17:30:46.385 Sample[3665:707] .git/hooks/commit-msg.sample 2012-05-13 17:30:46.385 Sample[3665:707] .git/hooks/post-commit.sample 2012-05-13 17:30:46.386 Sample[3665:707] .git/hooks/post-receive.sample 2012-05-13 17:30:46.386 Sample[3665:707] .git/hooks/post-update.sample 2012-05-13 17:30:46.387 Sample[3665:707] .git/hooks/pre-applypatch.sample 2012-05-13 17:30:46.387 Sample[3665:707] .git/hooks/pre-commit.sample 2012-05-13 17:30:46.387 Sample[3665:707] .git/hooks/pre-rebase.sample 2012-05-13 17:30:46.388 Sample[3665:707] .git/hooks/prepare-commit-msg.sample 2012-05-13 17:30:46.388 Sample[3665:707] .git/hooks/update.sample 2012-05-13 17:30:46.389 Sample[3665:707] .git/index 2012-05-13 17:30:46.389 Sample[3665:707] .git/info 2012-05-13 17:30:46.390 Sample[3665:707] .git/info/exclude 2012-05-13 17:30:46.390 Sample[3665:707] .git/logs 2012-05-13 17:30:46.391 Sample[3665:707] .git/logs/HEAD 2012-05-13 17:30:46.391 Sample[3665:707] .git/logs/refs 2012-05-13 17:30:46.392 Sample[3665:707] .git/logs/refs/heads 2012-05-13 17:30:46.392 Sample[3665:707] .git/logs/refs/heads/master 2012-05-13 17:30:46.393 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects 2012-05-13 17:30:46.393 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/08 2012-05-13 17:30:46.394 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/08/0078c5decbfcb73e9665030b6221e1ccb693be 2012-05-13 17:30:46.394 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/0d 2012-05-13 17:30:46.395 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/0d/96feb3eb602c24f8e068f6fd88f569e4e58093 2012-05-13 17:30:46.416 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/48 2012-05-13 17:30:46.418 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/48/ef81ae71287847f926dbb9ccca11f8c873a7dc 2012-05-13 17:30:46.419 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/8c 2012-05-13 17:30:46.420 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/8c/ce74a0c6d3b68a40659921f9103f9d214088d0 2012-05-13 17:30:46.431 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/9d 2012-05-13 17:30:46.431 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/9d/955cc57da917155851b38806a7111120ab70da 2012-05-13 17:30:46.432 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/c2 2012-05-13 17:30:46.432 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/c2/7b00431338e78a7d560f021aac076f62e71ba4 2012-05-13 17:30:46.433 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/ca 2012-05-13 17:30:46.434 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/ca/c4dcdd18b32e1544ca2e8ef98dbc64d472c171 2012-05-13 17:30:46.434 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/da 2012-05-13 17:30:46.435 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/da/2c288712be3bedabfebb188547b14bac334f52 2012-05-13 17:30:46.435 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/db 2012-05-13 17:30:46.436 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/db/e1edcebd33105840f71feff89af8c65a0ca527 2012-05-13 17:30:46.436 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/e4 2012-05-13 17:30:46.437 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/e4/4c0a7d31a66cdd89e076ffceda1121d5b23440 2012-05-13 17:30:46.437 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/e5 2012-05-13 17:30:46.438 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/e5/09e6dc045e6f65e373e54a8142ff3395af93be 2012-05-13 17:30:46.438 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/e5/e411b533ba3df7f530c4d5f264d87266ebdb93 2012-05-13 17:30:46.510 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/e6 2012-05-13 17:30:46.512 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/e6/9de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 2012-05-13 17:30:46.513 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/info 2012-05-13 17:30:46.513 Sample[3665:707] .git/objects/pack 2012-05-13 17:30:46.513 Sample[3665:707] .git/refs 2012-05-13 17:30:46.514 Sample[3665:707] .git/refs/heads 2012-05-13 17:30:46.514 Sample[3665:707] .git/refs/heads/master 2012-05-13 17:30:46.515 Sample[3665:707] .git/refs/tags 2012-05-13 17:30:46.515 Sample[3665:707] Sample 2012-05-13 17:30:46.516 Sample[3665:707] Sample/.DS_Store 2012-05-13 17:30:46.516 Sample[3665:707] Sample/main.m 2012-05-13 17:30:46.517 Sample[3665:707] Sample/Sample-Prefix.pch 2012-05-13 17:30:46.517 Sample[3665:707] Sample/Sample.1 2012-05-13 17:30:46.518 Sample[3665:707] Sample.xcodeproj 2012-05-13 17:30:46.518 Sample[3665:707] Sample.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj 2012-05-13 17:30:46.519 Sample[3665:707] Sample.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace 2012-05-13 17:30:46.519 Sample[3665:707] Sample.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/contents.xcworkspacedata 2012-05-13 17:30:46.520 Sample[3665:707] Sample.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/xcuserdata 2012-05-13 17:30:46.520 Sample[3665:707] Sample.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/xcuserdata/Zijin.xcuserdatad 2012-05-13 17:30:46.521 Sample[3665:707] Sample.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/xcuserdata/Zijin.xcuserdatad/UserInterfaceState.xcuserstate 2012-05-13 17:30:46.521 Sample[3665:707] Sample.xcodeproj/xcuserdata 2012-05-13 17:30:46.522 Sample[3665:707] Sample.xcodeproj/xcuserdata/Zijin.xcuserdatad 2012-05-13 17:30:46.525 Sample[3665:707] Sample.xcodeproj/xcuserdata/Zijin.xcuserdatad/xcdebugger 2012-05-13 17:30:46.526 Sample[3665:707] Sample.xcodeproj/xcuserdata/Zijin.xcuserdatad/xcdebugger/Breakpoints.xcbkptlist 2012-05-13 17:30:46.527 Sample[3665:707] Sample.xcodeproj/xcuserdata/Zijin.xcuserdatad/xcschemes 2012-05-13 17:30:46.527 Sample[3665:707] Sample.xcodeproj/xcuserdata/Zijin.xcuserdatad/xcschemes/Sample.xcscheme 2012-05-13 17:30:46.528 Sample[3665:707] Sample.xcodeproj/xcuserdata/Zijin.xcuserdatad/xcschemes/xcschememanagement.plist 2012-05-13 17:30:46.528 Sample[3665:707] 用directoryContentsAtPath:显示目录/Users/Zijin/Desktop/Sample的内容： 2012-05-13 17:30:46.529 Sample[3665:707] .DS_Store 2012-05-13 17:30:46.529 Sample[3665:707] .git 2012-05-13 17:30:46.529 Sample[3665:707] Sample 2012-05-13 17:30:46.530 Sample[3665:707] Sample.xcodeproj Program ended with exit code: 0

仔细  看看  这几行语句：

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myDirectoryEnumerator = [ myFileManager enumeratorAtPath : path ] ;      //列举目录内容      NSLog ( @"用enumeratorAtPath:显示目录%@的内容：" , path ) ;      while ( ( path = [ myDirectoryEnumerator nextObject ] ) != nil )      {          NSLog ( @"%@" , path ) ;      }

首先  对  文件管理器物件myFileManager  采取了  enumeratorAtPath:这项措施。enumeratorAtPath:这项措施  会将  一个NSDictionaryEnumerator物件  存储  在myDictionaryEnumerator当中。

在

1	while ( ( path = [ myDirectoryEnumerator nextObject ] ) != nil )

这行语句中  每当你  对  myDictionaryEnumerator这个物件  采取  nextObject这项措施，你  都会得到  目录中下一个文件或者目录的路径，并且  存储  在变量path当中，再  利用  NSLog()函数  显示出来。直到  所有文件或者目录的路径都  找到后，你  就会得到  一个空值nil，并且  跳出  while()循环。

在程序的运行结果当中  你  可以看到  两种列举目录内容的技巧之不同。enumeratorAtPath:会将  目录中子目录的内容  列举出来，而  directoryContentsAtPath:  则不会。在while()循环执行的过程中  我们  可以这样避免  子目录中的内容  被列举出来：

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BOOL flag ;      while ( ( path = [ myDirectoryEnumerator nextObject ] ) != nil )      {          NSLog ( @"%@" , path ) ;          [ myFileManager fileExistsAtPath : path isDirectory : & flag ] ;          if ( flag == YES )          {              [ myDirectoryEnumerator skipDescendents ] ;          }      }

其中  flag  是  BOOL类型的变量。如果  当前的路径path  是  目录，那么  fileExistsAtPath:isDirectory:这项措施  就会将  YES  存储  在flag当中；如果  不是，则会将  NO  存储  在flag当中。