- https://codeforces.com/gym/105104/problem/C
const int N = 1e6 + 10;
int T, n, x;
ull v[N];
int main() {
mt19937_64 rng(random_device{}()); // 注意这种生成随机数的方法!!!
F(i, 0, N - 10)
v[i] = rng();
for (R(T); T --; ) {
R(n);
map <ull, int> H; H[0] = 1;
long long Ans = 0;
ull s = 0;
F(i, 1, n) {
R(x), s ^= v[x];
Ans = Ans + i - H[s];
H[s] ++;
}
W(Ans), putc('\n');
}
}