求二叉树某个节点的后继节点

求二叉树某个节点的后继节点
二叉树结构如下定义：
Class Node {
V value;
Node left;
Node right;
Node parent;
}
给你二叉树中的某个节点x，返回该节点的后继节点

思路

根据中序遍历找后继节点O(n)

根据中序遍历的特性，中序序列中一个节点的下一个节点，就是该节点的后继节点
首先根据给出的节点x，可以找到这个树的根节点；
根据这个找到的根节点，可以写出这个树的中序遍历序列；
在这个中序遍历序列中找x的下一个节点，就是x的后继节点

根据题目给出二叉树结构来判断O(k)，k就是真实的后继节点距离

分两种情况：1. 一种是x节点有右子树，则后继节点就是右子树的最左节点；2. 如果x没有右子树，则向上找，如果x是父节点的右孩子，则接着向上找，当发现是父节点的左孩子时，返回这个找到的父节点，就是x的后继节点。

代码实现

package class11;

public class Code06_SuccessorNode {

	public static class Node {
		public int value;
		public Node left;
		public Node right;
		public Node parent;

		public Node(int data) {
			this.value = data;
		}
	}

	public static Node getSuccessorNode(Node node) {
		if (node == null) {
			return node;
		}
		if (node.right != null) {
			return getLeftMost(node.right);
		} else { // 无右子树
			Node parent = node.parent;
			while (parent != null && parent.right == node) { // 当前节点是其父亲节点右孩子
				node = parent;
				parent = node.parent;
			}
			return parent;
		}
	}

	public static Node getLeftMost(Node node) {
		if (node == null) {
			return node;
		}
		while (node.left != null) {
			node = node.left;
		}
		return node;
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Node head = new Node(6);
		head.parent = null;
		head.left = new Node(3);
		head.left.parent = head;
		head.left.left = new Node(1);
		head.left.left.parent = head.left;
		head.left.left.right = new Node(2);
		head.left.left.right.parent = head.left.left;
		head.left.right = new Node(4);
		head.left.right.parent = head.left;
		head.left.right.right = new Node(5);
		head.left.right.right.parent = head.left.right;
		head.right = new Node(9);
		head.right.parent = head;
		head.right.left = new Node(8);
		head.right.left.parent = head.right;
		head.right.left.left = new Node(7);
		head.right.left.left.parent = head.right.left;
		head.right.right = new Node(10);
		head.right.right.parent = head.right;

		Node test = head.left.left;
		System.out.println(test.value + " next: " + getSuccessorNode(test).value);
		test = head.left.left.right;
		System.out.println(test.value + " next: " + getSuccessorNode(test).value);
		test = head.left;
		System.out.println(test.value + " next: " + getSuccessorNode(test).value);
		test = head.left.right;
		System.out.println(test.value + " next: " + getSuccessorNode(test).value);
		test = head.left.right.right;
		System.out.println(test.value + " next: " + getSuccessorNode(test).value);
		test = head;
		System.out.println(test.value + " next: " + getSuccessorNode(test).value);
		test = head.right.left.left;
		System.out.println(test.value + " next: " + getSuccessorNode(test).value);
		test = head.right.left;
		System.out.println(test.value + " next: " + getSuccessorNode(test).value);
		test = head.right;
		System.out.println(test.value + " next: " + getSuccessorNode(test).value);
		test = head.right.right; // 10's next is null
		System.out.println(test.value + " next: " + getSuccessorNode(test));
	}
}