HTTP 请求的构成
1、HTTP 请求行:
- 请求方式,比如 GET 、POST 等
- 本次请求的URI ,比如 /hello
- 协议和版本号
2、 HTTP 请求报头: (头部/首部/请求头)
- 请求头和请求正文之间用空行分隔
- 常见的请求报头
3、 HTTP 请求正文:
- 一种是 请求参数 ,比如 /hello?username=zhangsanfeng&password=wudang2017
- 一种是 针对上传文件 等操作
HttpServletRequest 类型的对象
1、Servlet 容器响应Web 客户端请求的时序图
2、与HTTP请求行对应的方法
- 请求方式: String getMethod()
- URI : String getRequestURI()
- 协议: String getProtocol()
3、与HTTP请求报头对应的方法
- String getHeader( String name ) 获取指定名称的请求报头的取值
- Enumeration<String> getHeaders( String name ) 获取指定名称的请求报头的取值(取值有多个,比如cookie)
- long getDateHeader( String name ) 获取指定名称的请求报头的取值 ( 返回以毫秒为单位的时间 )
- int getIntHeader( String name ) 获取指定名称的请求报头的取值 ( 以 int 形式返回 )
- Enumeration<String> getHeaderNames() 获取所有的请求报头的名称
4、与HTTP请求正文对应的方法
获取请求参数:
- String getParameter( String name ) 获取指定的请求参数对应的值
- String[] getParameterValues( String name ) 获取指定的请求参数对应的值 ( 取值有多个,比如 checkbox )
- Map< String , String[] > getParameterMap() 获取所有的请求参数及取值( 取值是个数组 )
- Enumeration<String> getParameterNames() 获取所有的请求参数的名称
获取WEB客户端上传的数据:
- ServletInputStream getInputStream() 在 Servlet 3.0 之前获取上传数据的方法 ( 以字节形流式返回 )
- BufferedReader getReader() 在 Servlet 3.0 之前获取上传数据的方法 ( 以字符流形式返回 )
- Part getPart( String name ) 根据 名称 获得 一个 multipart/form-data POST request 中指定名称对应的 Part 对象
<input type="file" name="upfile" > =========> request.getPart( "upfile" )
- Collection<Part> getParts() 获取 multipart/form-data POST request 中对应的所有的 Part 对象
测试案例:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ParseRequestServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>ecut.request.ParseRequestServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ParseRequestServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/parse</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>FirstUploadServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>ecut.request.FirstUploadServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>FirstUploadServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/upload/first</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SecondUploadServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>ecut.request.SecondUploadServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- 启用 Servlet 3.x 所支持的文件上传方式 -->
<multipart-config>
<location>D:/files</location>
</multipart-config>
<!-- location 指定的是文件上传后的存储位置 -->
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SecondUploadServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/upload/second</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ThirdUploadServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>ecut.request.ThirdUploadServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- 启用 Servlet 3.x 所支持的文件上传方式 -->
<multipart-config>
<location>D:/files</location>
</multipart-config>
<!-- location 指定的是文件上传后的存储位置 -->
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ThirdUploadServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/upload/third</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Request</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="/Servlet/parse?username=Amy&password=123456" >访问 ParseRequestServlet</a>
<h5>GET</h5>
<form action="/Servlet/parse" method="get" >
<input type="text" name="username" placeholder="用户名">
<br>
性别:
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="女"> 我是靓女
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="男"> 我是靓仔 <br>
爱好:
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="eat">吃饭
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="sleep">睡觉
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="wc">上厕所
<br>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
<h5>POST</h5>
<form action="/Servlet/parse" method="post" >
<input type="text" name="username" placeholder="用户名">
<br>
性别:
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="女"> 我是靓女
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="男"> 我是靓仔 <br>
爱好:
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="eat">吃饭
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="sleep">睡觉
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="wc">上厕所
<br>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
<h5>文件上传(古代)</h5>
<!-- method 必须是 POST ,enctype 必须是 multipart/form-data enctype默认是对数据进行 application/x-www-form-urlencoded编码-->
<form action="/Servlet/upload/first" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="file" name="upfile" >
<input type="submit" value="上传" >
</form>
<h5>文件上传( 从 Servlet 3.0 开始 )</h5>
<!-- method 必须是 POST ,enctype 必须是 multipart/form-data -->
<form action="/Servlet/upload/second" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="file" name="upfile" >
<input type="submit" value="上传" >
</form>
<h5>文件上传( 从 Servlet 3.0 开始 )</h5>
<!-- method 必须是 POST ,enctype 必须是 multipart/form-data -->
<form action="/Servlet/upload/third" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="file" name="upfile1" >
<br>
<input type="file" name="upfile2" >
<br>
<input type="file" name="upfile3" >
<br>
<input type="file" name="upfile4" >
<br>
<input type="submit" value="上传" >
</form>
</body>
</html>
package ecut.request;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class ParseRequestServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 5473447295646845596L;
@Override
protected void service( HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response )
throws ServletException, IOException {
request.setCharacterEncoding( "UTF-8" );
response.setCharacterEncoding( "UTF-8" );
response.setContentType( "text/html;charset=UTF-8" );
PrintWriter p =response.getWriter();
// 获取 HTTP HTTP 请求行中的相关信息
String method = request.getMethod();
String uri = request.getRequestURI() ;
String protocol = request.getProtocol() ;
System.out.println( "HTTP 请求行:");
System.out.println("\t请求方式 = " + method);
System.out.println("\tURI = " + uri);
System.out.println("\t协议/版本号= " + protocol);
p.println("<p>HTTP 请求行:</p>");
p.println("<p style='text-indent:2em;'>请求方式 = " + method+"</p>");
p.println("<p style='text-indent:2em;'>URI = " + uri+"</p>");
p.println("<p style='text-indent:2em;'>协议/版本号 = " + protocol+"</p>");
// 获取HTTP 请求报头
Enumeration<String> headerNames = request.getHeaderNames();
System.out.println( "HTTP 请求报头:" );
p.println( "<p>HTTP 请求报头:"+"</p>" );
while( headerNames.hasMoreElements() ) {
String name = headerNames.nextElement(); // 获取单个的HTTP 请求报头的名称
String value = request.getHeader( name ) ; // 获得指定名称对应的HTTP 请求报头的值
System.out.println( "\t" + name + " = " + value );
p.println("<p style='text-indent:2em;'>" + name + " = " + value +"</p>");
}
// 获取HTTP 请求参数
Map<String,String[]> paramMap = request.getParameterMap();
Set< Entry<String, String[]> > entrySet = paramMap.entrySet();
System.out.println( "HTTP 请求参数:" );
p.println( "<p>HTTP 请求参数:" );
for( Entry<String, String[]> e : entrySet ){
String name = e.getKey() ;
String[] value = e.getValue() ;
System.out.println( "\t" + name + " : " + Arrays.toString( value ) );
p.println( "<p style='text-indent:2em;'>" + name + " : " + Arrays.toString( value ) +"</p>");
}
}
}
运行结果如下:
控制台输出文件的内容。
获取指定的请求参数对应的值取值有多个的测试案例:
运行结果如下:
HTTP 请求行:
请求方式 = GET
URI = /Servlet/parse
协议/版本号= HTTP/1.1
HTTP 请求报头:
host = localhost:8080
user-agent = Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:59.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/59.0
accept = text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
accept-language = zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
accept-encoding = gzip, deflate
referer = http://localhost:8080/Servlet/pages/request/index.html
connection = keep-alive
upgrade-insecure-requests = 1
HTTP 请求参数:
username : [AmyZheng]
gender : [男]
hobby : [eat, sleep]
文件上传测试案例一:
package ecut.request;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class FirstUploadServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -7777691027208490971L;
@Override
protected void doGet( HttpServletRequest request , HttpServletResponse response ) throws ServletException, IOException {
throw new RuntimeException( "不支持GET方式上传" );
}
@Override
protected void doPost( HttpServletRequest request , HttpServletResponse response ) throws ServletException, IOException {
request.setCharacterEncoding( "UTF-8" );
// 上传文件时,只考虑文本文件,不考虑其它文件
BufferedReader reader = request.getReader();
//InputStream in = request.getInputStream();
String s ;
while( ( s = reader.readLine() ) != null ){
System.out.println( s );
}
}
}
运行结果如下:
页面跳转到http://localhost:8080/Servlet/upload/first
控制台输出文件内容
-----------------------------296501829912081
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="upfile"; filename="Http.txt"
Content-Type: text/plain
文件内容省略
-----------------------------296501829912081--
文件上传测试案例二:
package ecut.request;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.Part;
public class SecondUploadServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 4485463572490572537L;
@Override
protected void doGet( HttpServletRequest request , HttpServletResponse response ) throws ServletException, IOException {
throw new RuntimeException( "不支持GET方式上传" );
}
@Override
protected void doPost( HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response ) throws ServletException, IOException {
// String username = request.getParameter( "username" ) ; // <input type="text" name="username" >
Part part = request.getPart( "upfile" ) ; // <input type="file" name="upfile" >
System.out.println( part );
/* Servlet 3.0 中获得文件名的做法
String cd = part.getHeader( "Content-Disposition" );
System.out.println( cd );
String s = "filename=\"";
int index = cd.indexOf( s );//找到filename的位置
String name = cd.substring( index + s.length() , cd.length() - 1 );//获取文件名
System.out.println( name );
*/
// part.getName() ; // name="upfile"
String filename = part.getSubmittedFileName(); // Servlet 3.1 开始出现的方法
part.write( filename );
}
}
运行结果如下:
页面跳转到http://localhost:8080/Servlet/upload/second
D:\files目录下增加了一个文件
文件上传测试案例三:
package ecut.request;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.Part;
public class ThirdUploadServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 4485463572490572537L;
@Override
protected void doGet( HttpServletRequest request , HttpServletResponse response ) throws ServletException, IOException {
throw new RuntimeException( "不支持GET方式上传" );
}
@Override
protected void doPost( HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response ) throws ServletException, IOException {
upfile("upfile1",request);
upfile("upfile2",request);
upfile("upfile3",request);
upfile("upfile4",request);
}
void upfile(String upfile,HttpServletRequest request) throws ServletException, IOException{
Part part = request.getPart( upfile) ;
String filename = part.getSubmittedFileName();
part.write( filename );
}
}
运行结果如下:
页面跳转到http://localhost:8080/Servlet/upload/third
D:\files目录下增加了四个文件
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