Hystrix服务降级、服务熔断介绍

最新推荐文章于 2023-04-18 11:09:22 发布

AnalogElectronic

最新推荐文章于 2023-04-18 11:09:22 发布

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分类专栏： spring cloud

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/AnalogElectronic/article/details/113271872

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什么是Hystrix？
Hystrix是一个用于处理分布式系统的延迟和容错的开源库，在分布式系统里，许多依赖不可避免的会调用失败，比如超时、异常等。Hystrix能够保证在一个依赖出问题的情况下，不会导致整体服务失败，避免级联故障，以提高分布式系统的弹性。

“断路器”本身是一种开关装置，当某个服务单元发生故障之后，通过断路器的故障监控（类似熔断保险丝），向调用方返回一个符合预期的、可处理的备选响应（Fallback）,而不是长时间等待或者抛出调用方法无处理的异常，这样就保证了服务调用的线程不会被长时间、不必要的占用，从而避免了故障在分布式系统中的蔓延，乃至雪崩。

什么是服务降级？
意思就是所依赖的服务不可用了，要给一个友好的提示，服务器忙，请稍后再试，不让客户端等待。

哪些情况下会出现服务降级？
程序运行异常、超时、服务熔断出发降级、线程池/信号量满也会导致服务降级。

服务熔断
类比保险丝，当达到最大访问上限后，直接拒绝访问，拉闸限电，然后调用服务降级的方法。

服务限流
秒杀等高并发操作，严禁以蜂窝的过来拥挤，大家排队，一秒钟N个，有序进行。

一、搭建cloud-consumer-feign-hystrix-order80

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springCloud</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.george.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <artifactId>cloud-consumer-feign-hystrix-order80</artifactId>
    <dependencies>
        <!--    openfeign    -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--   hystrix     -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--   eureka  client    -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--    引入自定义的api通用包，可以使用Payment支付Entity    -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.george.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

server:
  port: 9099

eureka:
  client:
    #是否将自己注册到注册中心, 默认true
    register-with-eureka: false
    #    #是否从EurekaServer抓取已有的注册信息,单机无所谓,集群必须设置为true配合ribbon使用负载均衡
    #    fetch-registry: true
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka  #单机版
#      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka #集群版

feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true

package com.george.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.EnableHystrix;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;

/**
 * @author Yang Hao
 * @description
 * @date 2020-09-16 16:38
 */
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableHystrix
public class OrderHystrixMain80 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderHystrixMain80.class);
    }
}

package com.george.springcloud.service;


import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;

/**
 * @author Yang Hao
 * @description
 * @date 2020-09-16 16:38
 */
@Component
@FeignClient(value = "CLOUD-PROVIDER-HYSTRIX-PAYMENT", fallback = PaymentFallbackService.class)
public interface PaymentHystrixService {

    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    String paymentInfo_OK(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);

    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
    String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);

}

package com.george.springcloud.service;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * @author Yang Hao
 * @description
 * @date 2020-09-16 16:38
 */
@Component
public class PaymentFallbackService implements PaymentHystrixService {
    @Override
    public String paymentInfo_OK(Integer id) {
        return "-------PaymentFallbackService fall back-[paymentInfo_OK],o(╥﹏╥)o";
    }

    @Override
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(Integer id) {
        return "-------PaymentFallbackService fall back-[paymentInfo_TimeOut],o(╥﹏╥)o";
    }
}

package com.george.springcloud.controller;

import com.george.springcloud.service.PaymentHystrixService;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.DefaultProperties;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

/**
 * @author Yang Hao
 * @description
 * @date 2020-09-16 16:38
 */
@RestController
@Slf4j
@DefaultProperties(defaultFallback = "payment_Global_FallbackMethod")
public class OrderHystrixController {

    @Resource
    private PaymentHystrixService paymentHystrixService;

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_OK(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        String result = paymentHystrixService.paymentInfo_OK(id);
        return result;
    }

//    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
//    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
//        String result = paymentHystrixService.paymentInfo_TimeOut(id);
//        return result;
//    }

    /**
     * 每一个方法都需要配置降级方法??? 代码冗余.需要一个通用的
     *
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
//    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "PaymentTimeOutFallbackMethod", commandProperties = {
//            @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds", value = "1500")
//    })
    @HystrixCommand //参考全局降级方法注释,payment_Global_FallbackMethod
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        int age = 10 / 0;
        String result = paymentHystrixService.paymentInfo_TimeOut(id);
        return result;
    }

    public String PaymentTimeOutFallbackMethod(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        return "我是消费者80，对方支付系统繁忙请10秒钟后再试或者自己运行出错请检查自己，o(╥﹏╥)o";
    }

    /**
     * 全局fallback 降级方法
     * <p>
     * 需要注释一些属性,没有特别指明,就用统一的方法
     * //    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "PaymentTimeOutFallbackMethod", commandProperties = {
     * //            @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds", value = "1500")
     * //    })
     * <p>
     * 替换成@HystrixCommand一个注解
     *
     * @return
     */
    public String payment_Global_FallbackMethod() {
        return "Global异常处理信息，请稍后再试，o(╥﹏╥)o";
    }
}

运行效果：
在这里插入图片描述

二、JMeter高并发测试

The Apache JMeter™ application is open source software, a 100% pure Java application designed to load test functional behavior and measure performance. It was originally designed for testing Web Applications but has since expanded to other test functions.

三、供给侧服务降级

cloud-provider-hystrix-payment8001

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springCloud</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.george.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <artifactId>cloud-provider-hystrix-payment8001</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <!--   hystrix     -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--   引入eureka客户端     -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--    引入自定义的api通用包，可以使用Payment支付Entity    -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.george.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

server:
  port: 8001

spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-provider-hystrix-payment

eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: true   #是否将自己注册到注册中心,集群必须设置为true配合ribbon
    fetch-registry: true    #是否从服务端抓取已有的注册信息
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka
#      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka

package com.george.springcloud;

import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.metrics.eventstream.HystrixMetricsStreamServlet;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.circuitbreaker.EnableCircuitBreaker;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

/**
 * @author Yang Hao
 * @description
 * @date 2020-09-16 18:17
 */
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableCircuitBreaker
public class PaymentHystrixMain8001 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(PaymentHystrixMain8001.class);
    }


    /**
     * 此配置是为了服务监控而配置，与服务器容错本身无关，springcloud升级后的坑
     * ServletRegistrationBean因为springboot的默认路径不是/hystrix.stream
     * 只要在自己的项目里配置上下文的servlet就可以了
     */
    @Bean
    public ServletRegistrationBean getservlet() {
        HystrixMetricsStreamServlet streamServlet = new HystrixMetricsStreamServlet();
        ServletRegistrationBean<HystrixMetricsStreamServlet> registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean<>(streamServlet);
        registrationBean.setLoadOnStartup(1);
        registrationBean.addUrlMappings("/hystrix.stream");
        registrationBean.setName("HystrixMetricsStreamServlet");
        return registrationBean;
    }
}

package com.george.springcloud.service;

import cn.hutool.core.util.IdUtil;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixProperty;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * @author Yang Hao
 * @description
 * @date 2020-09-16 18:24
 */
@Service
public class PaymentService {
    /**
     * 正常访问，肯定ok
     *
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    public String paymentInfo_OK(Integer id) {
        return "线程池： " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " PaymenyInfo_OK,id: " + id + "\t " + "O(∩_∩)O哈哈~";
    }

    /**
     * paymentInfo_TimeOut 方法不可用或者异常了;去执行 paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler
     *
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler", commandProperties = {
            @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds", value = "3000")
    })
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(Integer id) {

        int timeNumber = 5000;
//         int timeNumber = 10/0;
        try {
            TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(timeNumber);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "线程池： " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " PaymenyInfo_TimeOut,id: " + id + "\t" + "O(∩_∩)O哈哈~" + " 耗时" + timeNumber + "毫秒";
    }

    public String paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler(Integer id) {
        return "线程池： " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 8001系统繁忙系统报错paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler ,请稍后再试id: " + id + "\t " + "o(╥﹏╥)o";

    }


    //=========================== 服务熔断 ===========================


    /**
     * 服务的降级->进而熔断->恢复调用链路
     *
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentCircuitBreaker_fallback", commandProperties = {
            @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.enabled", value = "true"), //是否开启断路器
            @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.requestVolumeThreshold", value = "10"), //请求次数
            @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.sleepWindowInMilliseconds", value = "10000"), //时间窗口期
            @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.errorThresholdPercentage", value = "60"),//失败率达到多少后跳闸
    })
    public String paymentCircuitBreaker(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        if (id < 0) {
            throw new RuntimeException("******id 不能为负数");
        }
        String serialNumber = IdUtil.simpleUUID();
        return Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t" + "调用成功，流水号：" + serialNumber;
    }

    public String paymentCircuitBreaker_fallback(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        return "id 不能负数，请稍后再试，o(╥﹏╥)o id：" + id;
    }


    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "xxx_method",
            groupKey = "strGroupCommand",
            commandKey = "strCommarld",
            threadPoolKey = "strThreadPool",
            commandProperties = {
                    //设置隔离策略，THREAD 表示线程她SEMAPHORE:信号他隔离
                    @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.strategy", value = "THREAD"),
                    //当隔离策略选择信号他隔离的时候，用来设置信号地的大小(最大并发数)
                    @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.semaphore.maxConcurrentRequests", value = "10"),
                    //配置命令执行的超时时间
                    @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutinMilliseconds", value = "10"),
                    //是否启用超时时间
                    @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.timeout.enabled", value = "true"),
                    //执行超时的时候是否中断
                    @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.interruptOnTimeout", value = "true"),
                    //执行被取消的时候是否中断
                    @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.interruptOnCancel", value = "true"),
                    //允许回调方法执行的最大并发数
                    @HystrixProperty(name = "fallback.isolation.semaphore.maxConcurrentRequests", value = "10"),
                    //服务降级是否启用，是否执行回调函数
                    @HystrixProperty(name = "fallback.enabled", value = "true"),
                    @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.enabled", value = "true"),
                    //该属性用来设置在滚动时间窗中，断路器熔断的最小请求数。例如，默认该值为20的时候，
                    //如果滚动时间窗(默认10秒)内仅收到了19个请求，即使这19个请求都失败了， 断路器也不会打开。
                    @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.requestVolumeThreshold", value = "20"),
                    // 该属性用来设置在熔动时间窗中表示在滚动时间窗中，在请求数量超过
                    // circuitBreaker.requestVolumeThreshold 的情况下,如果错误请求数的百分比超过50,
                    //就把断路器设置为“打开”状态，否则就设置为“关闭”状态。
                    @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.errorThresholdPercentage", value = "50"),
                    // 该属性用来设置当断路器打开之后的休眠时间窗。休眠时间窗结束之后,
                    //会将断路器置为"半开”状态，尝试熔断的请求命令，如果低然失败就将断路器继续设置为"打开”状态，
                    //如果成功就设置为"关闭”状态。
                    @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.sleepWindowinMilliseconds", value = "5009"),
                    //断路器强制打开
                    @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.force0pen", value = "false"),
                    // 断路器强制关闭
                    @HystrixProperty(name = "circuitBreaker.forceClosed", value = "false"),
                    //滚动时间窗设置，该时间用于断路器判断健康度时需要收集信息的持续时间
                    @HystrixProperty(name = "metrics.rollingStats.timeinMilliseconds", value = "10000"),
                    //该属性用来设置滚动时间窗统计指标信息时划分”桶"的数量，断路器在收集指标信息的时候会根据设置的时间窗长度拆分成多个"相"来累计各度量值，每个”桶"记录了-段时间内的采集指标。
                    //比如10秒内拆分成10个”桶"收集这样，所以timeinMilliseconds 必须能被numBuckets 整除。否则会抛异常
                    @HystrixProperty(name = "metrics.rollingStats.numBuckets", value = "10"),
                    //该属性用来设置对命令执行的延迟是否使用百分位数来跟踪和计算。如果设置为false,那么所有的概要统计都将返回-1.
                    @HystrixProperty(name = "metrics .rollingPercentile.enabled", value = "false"),
                    //该属性用来设置百分位统计的滚动窗口的持续时间， 单位为毫秒。
                    @HystrixProperty(name = "metrics.rollingPercentile.timeInMilliseconds", value = "60000"),
                    //该属性用来设置百分位统计演动窗口中使用“桶”的数量。
                    @HystrixProperty(name = "metrics.rollingPercentile.numBuckets", value = "60000"),
                    // 该属性用来设置在执行过程中每个 “桶”中保留的最大执行次数。如果在滚动时间窗内发生超过该设定值的执行次数，就从最初的位置开始重写。例如，将该值设置为100,燎动窗口为10秒， 若在10秒内一 一个“桶 ” 中发生7500次执行，
                    //那么该“桶”中只保留最后的100次执行的统计。另外,增加该值的大小将会增加内存量的消耗， 并增加排序百分位数所需的计算
                    @HystrixProperty(name = "metrics.rollingPercentile.bucketSize", value = "100"),
                    //该属性用来设置采集影响断路器状态的健康快照(请求的成功、错误百分比) 的间隔等待时间。
                    @HystrixProperty(name = "metrics.healthSnapshot.intervalinMilliseconds", value = "500"),
                    //是否开启请求缓存
                    @HystrixProperty(name = "requestCache.enabled", value = "true"),
                    // HystrixCommand的执行和时间是否打印日志到HystrixRequestLog中
                    @HystrixProperty(name = "requestLog.enabled", value = "true"),
            },
            threadPoolProperties = {
                    //该参数用来设置执行命令线程他的核心线程数，该值 也就是命令执行的最大并发量
                    @HystrixProperty(name = "coreSize", value = "10"),
                    //该参数用来设置线程她的最大队列大小。当设置为-1时，线程池将使用SynchronousQueue 实现的队列，
                    // 否则将使用LinkedBlocakingQueue实现队列
                    @HystrixProperty(name = "maxQueueSize", value = "-1"),
                    // 该参数用来为队列设置拒绝阀值。 通过该参数， 即使队列没有达到最大值也能拒绝请求。
                    //該参数主要是対linkedBlockingQueue 队列的朴充,因为linkedBlockingQueue
                    //队列不能动态修改它的对象大小，而通过该属性就可以调整拒绝请求的队列大小了。
                    @HystrixProperty(name = "queueSizeRejectionThreshold", value = "5"),
            }
    )
    public String paymentCircuitBreakersss_fallback(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        return "id 不能负数，请稍后再试，o(╥﹏╥)o id：" + id;
    }
}

package com.george.springcloud.controller;

import com.george.springcloud.service.PaymentService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

/**
 * @author Yang Hao
 * @description
 * @date 2020-09-17 09:11
 */
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentHystrixController {
    @Resource
    private PaymentService paymentService;

    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String serverPort;

    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_OK(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        String result = paymentService.paymentInfo_OK(id);
        log.info("------------result: " + result);
        return result;
    }

    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        String result = paymentService.paymentInfo_TimeOut(id);
        log.info("------------result: " + result);
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * 服务熔断
     *
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping("/payment/circuit/{id}")
    public String paymentCircuitBreaker(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        String result = paymentService.paymentCircuitBreaker(id);
        log.info("------------result: " + result);
        return result;
    }
}

运行结果：
在这里插入图片描述

四、消费侧服务降级

cloud-consumer-feign-hystrix-order80

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springCloud</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.george.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <artifactId>cloud-consumer-feign-hystrix-order80</artifactId>
    <dependencies>
        <!--    openfeign    -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--   hystrix     -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--   eureka  client    -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--    引入自定义的api通用包，可以使用Payment支付Entity    -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.george.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

server:
  port: 80

eureka:
  client:
    #是否将自己注册到注册中心, 默认true
    register-with-eureka: false
    #    #是否从EurekaServer抓取已有的注册信息,单机无所谓,集群必须设置为true配合ribbon使用负载均衡
    #    fetch-registry: true
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka  #单机版
#      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka #集群版

feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true

package com.george.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.EnableHystrix;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;

/**
 * @author Yang Hao
 * @description
 * @date 2020-09-16 16:38
 */
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableHystrix
public class OrderHystrixMain80 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderHystrixMain80.class);
    }
}

package com.george.springcloud.service;


import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;

/**
 * @author Yang Hao
 * @description
 * @date 2020-09-16 16:38
 */
@Component
@FeignClient(value = "CLOUD-PROVIDER-HYSTRIX-PAYMENT", fallback = PaymentFallbackService.class)
public interface PaymentHystrixService {

    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    String paymentInfo_OK(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);

    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
    String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);

}

package com.george.springcloud.service;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * @author Yang Hao
 * @description
 * @date 2020-09-16 16:38
 */
@Component
public class PaymentFallbackService implements PaymentHystrixService {
    @Override
    public String paymentInfo_OK(Integer id) {
        return "-------PaymentFallbackService fall back-[paymentInfo_OK],o(╥﹏╥)o";
    }

    @Override
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(Integer id) {
        return "-------PaymentFallbackService fall back-[paymentInfo_TimeOut],o(╥﹏╥)o";
    }
}

package com.george.springcloud.controller;

import com.george.springcloud.service.PaymentHystrixService;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.DefaultProperties;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixProperty;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

/**
 * @author Yang Hao
 * @description
 * @date 2020-09-16 16:38
 */
@RestController
@Slf4j
@DefaultProperties(defaultFallback = "payment_Global_FallbackMethod")
public class OrderHystrixController {

    @Resource
    private PaymentHystrixService paymentHystrixService;

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_OK(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        String result = paymentHystrixService.paymentInfo_OK(id);
        return result;
    }

//    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
//    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
//        String result = paymentHystrixService.paymentInfo_TimeOut(id);
//        return result;
//    }

    /**
     * 每一个方法都需要配置降级方法??? 代码冗余.需要一个通用的
     *
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "PaymentTimeOutFallbackMethod", commandProperties = {
            @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds", value = "1500")
    })
//    @HystrixCommand //参考全局降级方法注释,payment_Global_FallbackMethod
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        int age = 10 / 0;
        String result = paymentHystrixService.paymentInfo_TimeOut(id);
        return result;
    }

    public String PaymentTimeOutFallbackMethod(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        return "我是消费者80，对方支付系统繁忙请10秒钟后再试或者自己运行出错请检查自己，o(╥﹏╥)o";
    }

    /**
     * 全局fallback 降级方法
     * <p>
     * 需要注释一些属性,没有特别指明,就用统一的方法
     * //    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "PaymentTimeOutFallbackMethod", commandProperties = {
     * //            @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds", value = "1500")
     * //    })
     * <p>
     * 替换成@HystrixCommand一个注解
     *
     * @return
     */
    public String payment_Global_FallbackMethod() {
        return "Global异常处理信息，请稍后再试，o(╥﹏╥)o";
    }
}

运行结果：
在这里插入图片描述

五、服务熔断介绍

输入正数能正常调用
在这里插入图片描述
一段时间内连续输入负数达到一定次数，会触发服务熔断，输入正数也不能正常调用

过一段事件后，又恢复了

AnalogElectronic

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Hystrix服务降级、服务熔断介绍

什么是Hystrix？Hystrix是一个用于处理分布式系统的延迟和容错的开源库，在分布式系统里，许多依赖不可避免的会调用失败，比如超时、异常等。Hystrix能够保证在一个依赖出问题的情况下，不会导致整体服务失败，避免级联故障，以提高分布式系统的弹性。“断路器”本身是一种开关装置，当某个服务单元发生故障之后，通过断路器的故障监控（类似熔断保险丝），向调用方返回一个符合预期的、可处理的备选响应（Fallback）,而不是长时间等待或者抛出调用方法无处理的异常，这样就保证了服务调用的线程不会被长时间、不必
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