App应用程序开发实验四 图形绘制

实验四 图形绘制

一、实验目的

1．掌握Android图形元素定义及属性设置。

2. 掌握Android绘制图形的方法和步骤。

3．熟练完成图形绘制以及界面图形设计。

二、实验内容

1.完成如下机器人图标的绘制：

2.自定义具有一定有意义的图形并完成设计。

三、实验仪器、设备

硬件：PC 微型计算机、8G以上内存、500G以上硬盘。

软件：Windows 7/10、Android Studio (Eclipse)、JDK、Android SDK。

四、实验步骤

（一）完成如下机器人图标的绘制

1.建立Android 项目

2.修改默认布局文件activity_main.xml。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/frameLayout"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">
</FrameLayout>

3.修改默认主窗口模块

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.graphics.RectF;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.FrameLayout;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        FrameLayout frameLayout= (FrameLayout) findViewById(R.id.frameLayout);
        frameLayout.addView(new MyView(this));
    }
    private class MyView extends View {
        public MyView(Context context) {
            super(context);
        }
        @Override
        protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
            super.onDraw(canvas);
            Paint paint=new Paint();  
            paint.setAntiAlias(true); 
            paint.setColor(0xFFA4C739);  
            RectF rectf_head=new RectF(10, 20, 190, 200);
            rectf_head.offset(90, 20);
            canvas.drawArc(rectf_head, -10, -160, false, paint); 
            paint.setColor(Color.WHITE);   
            canvas.drawCircle(150, 90, 8, paint);  
            canvas.drawCircle(230, 90, 8, paint);  
            paint.setColor(0xFFA4C739);   
            paint.setStrokeWidth(4);   
            canvas.drawLine(120, 30, 150, 50, paint); 
            canvas.drawLine(260, 30, 230, 50, paint); 
            canvas.drawRect(100, 125, 280, 275, paint); 
            RectF rectf_body=new RectF(90,140,180,160);
            canvas.drawRoundRect(rectf_body, 20, 20, paint); 
            RectF rectf_arm=new RectF(45,120,85,260);
            canvas.drawRoundRect(rectf_arm, 10, 10, paint);  
            rectf_arm.offset(250, 0);                    
            canvas.drawRoundRect(rectf_arm, 10, 10, paint);    
            RectF rectf_leg=new RectF(125,268,165,368);
            canvas.drawRoundRect(rectf_leg, 10, 10, paint); 
            rectf_leg.offset(80, 0);                    
            canvas.drawRoundRect(rectf_leg, 10, 10, paint);   

        }
    }
}

4.启动模拟器，运行。

（二）自定义具有一定有意义的图形并完成设计

1.建立Android 项目

2.修改默认布局文件activity_main.xml。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/frameLayout"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">
</FrameLayout>

3.修改默认主窗口模块

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.graphics.Rect;
import android.graphics.RectF;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.FrameLayout;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        FrameLayout frameLayout= (FrameLayout) findViewById(R.id.frameLayout);
        frameLayout.addView(new MyView(this));
    }
    private class MyView extends View {
        public MyView(Context context) {
            super(context);
        }
        @Override
        protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
            super.onDraw(canvas);
            Paint paint=new Paint();
            paint.setAntiAlias(true);
            paint.setColor(Color.YELLOW);
            RectF rectf_head=new RectF(10, 20, 190, 200);
            rectf_head.offset(90, 20);
            canvas.drawArc(rectf_head, 0, -360, false, paint);
            paint.setColor(Color.BLACK);
            canvas.drawCircle(155, 110, 8, paint);
            canvas.drawCircle(225, 110, 8, paint);
            canvas.drawLine(161,150,216,150,paint);
            paint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
            canvas.drawRect(new Rect(162,150,173,165),paint);
            canvas.drawRect(new Rect(173,150,183,165),paint);
            canvas.drawRect(new Rect(183,150,194,165),paint);
            canvas.drawRect(new Rect(194,150,204,165),paint);
            canvas.drawRect(new Rect(204,150,215,165),paint);
        }
    }
}

五、实验思考题

 1.为了实现本例程的图形绘制，需要使用两个类，请问分别起到何种作用？

答：Canvas类代表画布，Paint类代表画笔。