Python_week01

第一周总结和复习

概述

1.Python是一种解释型语言，解释型语言的最大优点是平台可移植性，最大的缺点是执行效率低下。

2.今天当计算机硬件已经足够发达的时候，我们追求的更多的并不是程序的执行效率。

3.可以从Python的官方网站下载Python的安装程序以及查看相关文档。

说明: 如果要在linux环境下更新到Python3.x版本需要通过源代码构建安装。

4.我们可以使用Python的包管理工具pip来安装第三方模块。pip install ipython jupyter

或 “`shell python -m pip install ipython jupyter
5. 第一个Python程序 - hello，world

"""
第一个Python程序

version：0.5
Auther: xxx
Date: xxxx-xx-xx
Modifier: 王大锤
Date：xxxx-xx-xx

"""
# 使用了Python内置的print函数
print('hello,world!')

•如果想用交互式环境进行Python开发那么可以使用ipython或者jupyter的notebook项目 ```shell

jupyter notebook

•如果要做团队开发以及需要使用多文件多模块协作的大型项目，我们推荐使用PyCharm官方网址

变量

1.变量的作用：变量是数据的载体，内存里的一个空间

2.变量的命名：由数字，字母，下划线组成，数字不能在首位，不能使用特殊字符，不能有关键字

3.变量的类型：整数，浮点数，字符串，布尔

运算符

1.赋值运算符： = += -= *= /=

2.算术运算符: + - / % *

3.关系运算符: > < == !=

4.逻辑运算符: and or not

5.身份运算符: is

分支结构

1.if elif else
个人所得税：

import math
salary = float(input('本月收入'))
insurance = float(input('五险一金'))
diff = salary - insurance - 3500
if diff <= 0:
    tax = 0
    deduction = 0
elif diff <= 1500:
    tax = 0.03
    deduction = 0
elif diff <= 4500:
    tax = 0.1
    deduction = 105 
elif diff <= 9000:
    tax = 0.2
    deduction = 555
elif diff <= 35000:
    tax = 0.25
    deduction = 1005
elif diff <= 55000:
    tax = 0.3
    deduction = 2755
elif diff <= 80000:
    tax = 0.35
    deduction = 5505
else:
    tax = 0.45
    deduction = 13505
personal = abs(diff * tax - deduction)
print('个人所得税：￥%.2f元' %personal)
print('实际到手工资：￥%.2f元' %(salary - insurance - personal))

循环结构

1. for _ in range()
100以内的偶数求和：

my_sum = 0
for num in range(1,101): # for num in range(2, 102, 2)(起始值，终止值，步长)
    if num % 2 == 0:
        my_sum += num

print(my_sum)

"""

公鸡5元一只，母鸡3元一只，小鸡1元三只
用100元买100只鸡 问公鸡母鸡小鸡各多少只

x +y + z == 100 
5 * x +3 * y + z //3 == 100
z % 3 == 0

穷举法 - 穷尽所有的可能性直到找到正确答案

"""
for x in range(21):
    for y in range(34):
        for z in range(0,100,3):                                                                  
            if x + y + z ==100 and 5 * x + 3 * y + z // 3 == 100:
                print(x, y , z)
    #省掉第三条循环
    #z = 100 - x - y 
    # if 5 * x + 3 * y + z // 3 == 100 and z % 3 == 0
    # print(x, y , z)

2. while

ABCDE五人夜间到河边捕鱼,捕完鱼后五人在河边睡着.
天亮后A先醒来,将所捕鱼平均分伟五份,结果余一条,将余的一条扔掉,带走自己的一堆.B醒来将余下的四堆又分为五份,也余一条,同样仍掉,也带走自己的一堆.C、D、E醒来后也如此,问他们这天晚上至少捕到多少条鱼?

fish = 1
while True:
    totle = fish
    is_enough = True
    for _ in range(5):
        if  (totle- 1) % 5 == 0:
            totle = (totle - 1) // 5 * 4
        else:
            is_enough = False
            break
    if is_enough:
        print(fish)
        break
    fish += 1

Craps赌博游戏：

from random import randint

face1 = randint(1,6)
face2 = randint(1,6)
first_point = face1 + face2
player = 1000
print('玩家摇出了%d点' % first_point)
go_on = False
game_over = True
while game_over:
    if player > 0:
        if first_point == 7 or first_point == 11:
            print('玩家胜')
            player += 100
            print(player)
        elif first_point == 2 or first_point == 3 or first_point == 12:
            print('庄家胜')
            player -= 100
            print(player)
        else:
            go_on = True
        while go_on:
            face1 = randint(1,6)
            face2 = randint(1,6)
            current_point = face1 + face2
            print('玩家摇出了%d点' % current_point)
            if current_point == 7:
                print('庄家胜')
                player -= 100
                print(player)
                go_on = False
            elif current_point == first_point:
                print('玩家胜')
                player += 100
                print(player)
                go_on = False
    if player == 0:
        game_over = False
        print('sorry,game over!')