2022/10/12 --- 驱动 分布注册流程

创作本文目的：记录自己的学习历程

---

一、创建三个设备节点分别控制三个LED灯

1. 驱动文件

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/io.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include "dev.h"

#define CNAME "mycdev"

struct class *cls; //句柄
struct cdev *cdev;
struct device *dev;

char kbuf[128] = {}; //定义数组用于存放和用户之间拷贝的数据

int minor = 1; //次设备号从0开始
#if 0
unsigned int major = 0; //动态申请
#else
unsigned int major = 500; //静态指定设备号
#endif

const int count = 5; //指定设备节点的个数为5


//寄存器
gpio_t *vir_led1;
gpio_t *vir_led2;
gpio_t *vir_led3;
gpio_t *vir_bee;
gpio_t *vir_fan;
unsigned int *vir_rcc;

// open
int mycdev_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
    printk("%s:%s:%d\n", __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);

    return 0;
}

// read
ssize_t mycdev_read(struct file *file, char __user *ubuf, size_t size, loff_t *loff)
{
    // size参数是用户期待读到的字节长度
    int ret;
    if (size > sizeof(kbuf))
        size = sizeof(kbuf);
    ret = copy_to_user(ubuf, kbuf, size);
    if (ret)
    {
        printk("数据从内核向用户拷贝失败\n");
        return -EIO;
    }
    return size;
}

// write
ssize_t mycdev_write(struct file *file, const char __user *ubuf, size_t size, loff_t *loff)
{
    int ret;
    if (size > sizeof(kbuf))
        size = sizeof(kbuf);
    ret = copy_from_user(kbuf, ubuf, size);
    if (ret)
    {
        printk("内核向用户拷贝数据失败\n");
        return -EIO;
    }

    return size;
}

long ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
    int ret, which;
    switch (cmd)
    {
    case DEV_ON:
        ret = copy_from_user(&which, (void *)arg, sizeof(int));
        if (ret)
        {
            printk("用户向内核拷贝数据失败\n");
            return -EIO;
        }
        switch (which)
        {
        case LED1:
            vir_led1->ODR |= (1 << 10);
            break;
        case LED2:
            vir_led2->ODR |= (1 << 10);
            break;
        case LED3:
            vir_led3->ODR |= (1 << 8);
            break;
        case FAN:
            vir_fan->ODR |= (1 << 9);
            break;
        case BEE:
            vir_bee->ODR |= (1 << 6);
            break;
        }
        break;
    case DEV_OFF:
        ret = copy_from_user(&which, (void *)arg, sizeof(int));
        if (ret)
        {
            printk("用户向内核拷贝数据失败\n");
            return -EIO;
        }
        switch (which)
        {
            case LED1:
                vir_led1->ODR &= ~(1 << 10);
                break;
            case LED2:
                vir_led2->ODR &= ~(1 << 10);
                break;
            case LED3:
                vir_led3->ODR &= ~(1 << 8);
                break;
            case FAN:
                vir_fan->ODR &= ~(1 << 9);
                break;
            case BEE:
                vir_bee->ODR &= ~(1 << 6);
                break;
        }
        break;
    default:
        printk("功能码错误\n");
        break;
    }
    return 0;
}

// close
int mycdev_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
    printk("%s:%s:%d\n", __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__);
    return 0;
}

int all_led_init(void)
{
    //进行物理地址的映射
    vir_led1 = ioremap(PHY_LED1_ADDR, sizeof(gpio_t));
    if (vir_led1 == NULL)
    {
        printk("vir_led1 映射失败\n");
        return -ENOMEM;
    }
    printk("vir_led1 映射成功\n");
    vir_led2 = ioremap(PHY_LED2_ADDR, sizeof(gpio_t));
    if (vir_led2 == NULL)
    {
        printk("vir_led2 映射失败\n");
        return -ENOMEM;
    }
    printk("vir_led2 映射成功\n");
    vir_led3 = ioremap(PHY_LED3_ADDR, sizeof(gpio_t));
    if (vir_led3 == NULL)
    {
        printk("vir_led3 映射失败\n");
        return -ENOMEM;
    }
    printk("vir_led3 映射成功\n");
    vir_fan = ioremap(PHY_FAN_ADDR, sizeof(gpio_t));
    if (vir_fan == NULL)
    {
        printk("vir_fan 映射失败\n");
        return -ENOMEM;
    }
    printk("vir_fan 映射成功\n");
    vir_bee = ioremap(PHY_BEE_ADDR, sizeof(gpio_t));
    if (vir_bee == NULL)
    {
        printk("vir_bee 映射失败\n");
        return -ENOMEM;
    }
    printk("vir_bee 映射成功\n");
    vir_rcc = ioremap(PHY_RCC_ADDR, 4);
    if (vir_rcc == NULL)
    {
        printk("vir_rcc 映射失败\n");
        return -ENOMEM;
    }
    printk("vir_rcc 映射成功\n");
    //寄存器的初始化
    // led1
    vir_led1->MODER &= ~(3 << 20);
    vir_led1->MODER |= (1 << 20);
    vir_led1->ODR &= ~(1 << 10);

    // led2
    vir_led2->MODER &= ~(3 << 20);
    vir_led2->MODER |= (1 << 20);
    vir_led2->ODR &= ~(1 << 10);

    // led3
    vir_led3->MODER &= ~(3 << 16);
    vir_led3->MODER |= (1 << 16);
    vir_led3->ODR |= (1 << 8);

    // fan
    vir_fan->MODER &= ~(3 << 18);
    vir_fan->MODER |= (1 << 18);
    vir_fan->ODR &= ~(1 << 9);
    
    // bee
    vir_bee->MODER &= ~(3 << 12);
    vir_bee->MODER |= (1 << 12);
    vir_bee->ODR &= ~(1 << 6);


    (*vir_rcc) |= (49 << 1);

    return 0;
}

//操作方法结构体的初始化
struct file_operations fops =
    {
        .open = mycdev_open,
        .read = mycdev_read,
        .write = mycdev_write,
        .unlocked_ioctl = ioctl,
        .release = mycdev_close,
};

//入口函数，当驱动安装的时候执行
static int __init mycdev_init(void)
{
    int ret, i;
    dev_t devno;
    // 1.分配设备驱动对象
    cdev = cdev_alloc();
    if (cdev == NULL)
    {
        printk("字符设备驱动申请空间失败\n");
        ret = -ENOMEM;
        goto ERR1;
    }
    printk("对象分配成功\n");
    // 2.初始化设备驱动对象
    cdev_init(cdev, &fops);
    // 3.设备号的申请
    if (major == 0) //动态申请
    {
        ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, minor, count, "mydev");
        if (ret)
        {
            printk("动态申请设备号失败\n");
            goto ERR2;
        }
        major = MAJOR(devno);
        minor = MINOR(devno);
        printk("动态申请设备号成功\n");
    }
    else
    {
        //静态指定设备号
        ret = register_chrdev_region(MKDEV(major, minor), count, "mydev");
        if (ret)
        {
            printk("静态申请设备号失败\n");
            goto ERR2;
        }
        printk("静态申请设备号成功\n");
    }

    // 4.注册字符设备驱动
    ret = cdev_add(cdev, MKDEV(major, minor), count);
    if (ret)
    {
        printk("字符设备驱动注册失败\n");
        goto ERR3;
    }
    printk("注册字符设备驱动成功\n");
    // 5.自动创建设备节点
    cls = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "dev");
    if (IS_ERR(cls))
    {
        printk("创建逻辑节点目录失败\n");
        ret = PTR_ERR(cls);
        goto ERR4;
    }
    printk("创建逻辑节点目录成功\n");
    //向上提交节点信息
    for (i = 1; i <= count; i++)
    {
        dev = device_create(cls, NULL, MKDEV(major, i), NULL, "dev_%d", i);
        if (IS_ERR(dev))
        {
            printk("创建逻辑节点失败\n");
            ret = PTR_ERR(dev);
            goto ERR5;
        }
    }
    printk("创建逻辑节点成功\n");

    //寄存器初始化
    all_led_init();

    return 0;

ERR5:
    //销毁设备节点
    for (--i; i >= 1; i--)
    {
        device_destroy(cls, MKDEV(major, i));
    }
    //销毁节点目录
    class_destroy(cls);
ERR4:
    //注销字符设备驱动
    cdev_del(cdev);
ERR3:
    //释放设备号
    unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(major, minor), count);
ERR2:
    //释放动态申请的空间
    kfree(cdev);
ERR1:
    return ret;
}
static void __exit mycdev_exit(void)
{
    // 1.销毁设备节点
    int i;
    for (i = 1; i <= count; i++)
    {
        device_destroy(cls, MKDEV(major, i));
    }
    class_destroy(cls);
    // 2.注册字符设备驱动
    cdev_del(cdev);
    // 3.释放设备号
    unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(major, minor), count);
    // 4.释放动态申请的空间
    kfree(cdev);
}
module_init(mycdev_init);
module_exit(mycdev_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

2. 测试文件

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include "dev.h"

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    char buf[128] = "";
    int which;
    char path[128] = "";
    while (1)
    {
        memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
        memset(path,0,sizeof(path));
        printf("请输入操作命令(1:LED1,2:LED2,3:LED3,4:风扇,5:蜂鸣器,0:退出)\n");
        scanf("%d",&which);
        getchar();
        if(which==0)
        {
            break;
        }
        sprintf(path,"/dev/dev_%d",which);
        int fd = open(path, O_RDWR);
        if (fd < 0)
        {
            printf("打开设备文件%d失败\n",which);
            exit(-1);
        }
        printf("设备文件%d打开成功\n",which);
        printf("请输入控制命令(0:关闭,1:开启,q:退出)\n");
        fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin);
        buf[strlen(buf) - 1] = '\0';
        
        if(buf[0]=='q')
        {
            break;
        }

        if (buf[0] == '1')
            ioctl(fd, DEV_ON,&which);
        else if (buf[0] == '0')
            ioctl(fd, DEV_OFF,&which);
        else
            printf("控制命令不存在\n");

        close(fd);
    }
    return 0;
}

---