Mybatis
前言
前言:mybatis是一个非常优秀的存储过程和高级映射的优秀"持久层框架"。大大简化了,数据库操作中的常用操作。下面将介绍mybatis的一些概念和在eclipse上的实际项目搭建使用。
Mybatis是什么?
官方解释: MyBatis 是一款优秀的"持久层框架",它支持定制化 SQL、存储过程以及高级映射。MyBatis 避免了几乎所有的 JDBC 代码和手动设置参数以及获取结果集。MyBatis 可以使用简单的 XML 或注解来配置和映射原生类型、接口和 Java 的 POJO(Plain Old Java Objects,普通老式 Java 对象)为数据库中的记录。
MyBatis的基本构成
四大组成:
-
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder: (构造器),根据xml配置信息或代码来生成SqlSessionFactory对象;
-
SqlSessionFactory: 通过openSession()生成SqlSession;
-
SqlSession: 执行SQL并返回结果,它可以直接通过select,update,insert,delete方法去操作数据库得到xml映射器
-
SQLMapping: 由一个java接口和xml(或者注解)构成;
使用步骤
准备好数据库资源
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student`;
CREATE TABLE `student` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
`age` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`gender` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES ('1', '张三', '18', '男');
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES ('2', '李四', '20', '男');
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES ('3', '小红', '30', '女');
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES ('4', '李红', '28', '女');
创建一个Maven项目,添加包的依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.dahua</groupId>
<artifactId>Mybatis</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!--测试Junit-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- mybatis的jar-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- JDBC-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.9</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
创建实体类 Student , 和数据库要对应
package com.dahua.entity;
public class Student {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Integer age;
private String gender;
public Student() {
}
public Student(Integer id, String name, Integer age, String gender) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.gender = gender;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(String gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", gender='" + gender + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
在resources下 创建mybatis.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
//支持中文
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssm?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="qwer0650"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
</configuration>
创建一个工具类MybatisUtils,可以和JDBC工具类一样去理解
package com.dahua.common;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
public class MybatisUtil {
static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
static {
//读取配置文件
String mybatis = "mybatis.xml";
//通过流的方式读取配置文件
InputStream resourceAsStream = null;
try {
resourceAsStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(mybatis);
//创建出SqlSessionFactory 工厂
sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(resourceAsStream);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
sqlSessionFactory = null;
}
}
public static SqlSession getSqlSession() {
if (sqlSessionFactory != null) {
return sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);
}
return null;
}
}
写接口
package com.dahua.dao;
import com.dahua.entity.Student;
import java.util.List;
public interface StudentDao {
List<Student> selectStudents();
Student selectStudentByID(Student student);
//增加
int insertStudent(Student student);
//删除
int deleteStudent(Student student);
//更新
int updateStudent(Student student);
}
Mybatis里的实体类接口不用写实现类,只需要编写StudentDao对应的xml配置文件StudentDao.xml,一般来说,将该文件和StudentDao接口放在同一级目录下:
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--唯一字符串-->
<!--namespace:绑定一个对应的Dao接口,可以理解为这里就是实现这个接口的-->
<mapper namespace="com.dahua.dao.StudentDao">
<!-- id 接口中的方法名 resultType 返回值类型(全限定类名)-->
<select id="selectStudents" resultType="com.dahua.entity.Student">
select id, name, age, gender
from student
</select>
<select id="selectStudentByID" resultType="com.dahua.entity.Student">
select *
from student
where id = #{id}
</select>
<delete id="deleteStudent">
delete
from student
where id = #{id}
</delete>
<update id="updateStudent">
update student
set name=#{name}
where id = #{id}
</update>
<insert id="insertStudent">
insert into student (id, name, age, gender)
values (#{id}, #{name}, #{age}, #{gender})
</insert>
</mapper>
然后在配置文件mybatis.xm里边添加映射
<mappers>
<mapper resource="com/dahua/dao/StudentDao.xml"/>
</mappers>
测试其中的selectStudents()
package com.dahua;
import com.dahua.common.MybatisUtil;
import com.dahua.dao.StudentDao;
import com.dahua.entity.Student;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;
public class TestStudent {
@Test
public void testSelectStudent() throws IOException {
//获取sqlSession的实例
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtil.getSqlSession();
StudentDao studentDaoImpl = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentDao.class);
List<Student> students = studentDaoImpl.selectStudents();
// System.out.println(students.size());
//遍历
for (Student stu: students) {
System.out.println(stu);
}
//关闭sqlSession
sqlSession.close();
}
}
可能会报错
我们只需要在pom.xml配置一下
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
最终运行结果如下
这是我的项目目录
controller包和service包以后才用得到