Servlet学习（5）—— 保存作用域

保存作用域有4个：page（页面级别，几乎不再用），request（一次请求响应范围），session（一次会话范围），application（一次应用程序范围）

一. request保存作用域

request保存作用域是一次请求响应范围有效，同一客户端的不同请求，无法获取保存作用域中的值

1. 同一客户端的两次请求（客户端重定向）

package ServletStudy;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/servlet1")  //使用注解可以代替在web.xml中配置servlet
public class Servlet1 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1.向request保存作用域保存数据
        req.setAttribute("name","Tom");

        //2.客户端重定向
        resp.sendRedirect("/WebStudy_war_exploded/servlet2");
    }
}

package ServletStudy;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/servlet2")
public class Servlet2 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1.获取request保存作用域保存的数据
        System.out.println(req.getAttribute("name"));  //null
    }
}

2. 同一客户端的一次请求（服务器内部转发） 

package ServletStudy;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/servlet1")  //使用注解可以代替在web.xml中配置servlet
public class Servlet1 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1.向request保存作用域保存数据
        req.setAttribute("name","Tom");

        //2.服务器内部转发
        req.getRequestDispatcher("/servlet2").forward(req,resp);
    }
}

package ServletStudy;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/servlet2")
public class Servlet2 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1.获取request保存作用域保存的数据
        System.out.println(req.getAttribute("name"));  //Tom
    }
}

二. session保存作用域

https://blog.csdn.net/Archer__13/article/details/123769557

session保存作用域是一次会话范围有效，同一客户端在一次会话内的多个请求，都可以获取到session保存作用域内的值。其他客户端访问servlet2，则返回null。

1. 同一客户端的两次请求（客户端重定向）

package ServletStudy;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/servlet1")  //使用注解可以代替在web.xml中配置servlet
public class Servlet1 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        session.setAttribute("name","Tom");

        resp.sendRedirect("/WebStudy_war_exploded/servlet2");
    }
}

package ServletStudy;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/servlet2")
public class Servlet2 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        System.out.println(session.getAttribute("name"));   //Tom
    }
}

2.同一客户端的一次请求（服务器内部转发） 

package ServletStudy;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/servlet1")  //使用注解可以代替在web.xml中配置servlet
public class Servlet1 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        session.setAttribute("name","Tom");

        req.getRequestDispatcher("/servlet2").forward(req,resp);
    }
}

package ServletStudy;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/servlet2")
public class Servlet2 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        System.out.println(session.getAttribute("name"));   //Tom
    }
}

三. application保存作用域

application保存作用域是一次应用程序范围有效，所有客户端的请求，都可以获取到application保存作用域中的值

package ServletStudy;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/servlet1")  //使用注解可以代替在web.xml中配置servlet
public class Servlet1 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext application = req.getServletContext();
        application.setAttribute("name","Tom");

        resp.sendRedirect("/WebStudy_war_exploded/servlet2");
    }
}

package ServletStudy;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/servlet2")
public class Servlet2 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext application = req.getServletContext();
        System.out.println(application.getAttribute("name"));   //Tom
    }
}