🍨 本文为🔗365天深度学习训练营中的学习记录博客
🍖 原作者：K同学啊 | 接辅导、项目定制
🚀 文章来源：K同学的学习圈子
此次学习的重点：
（1）学习YOLO-C3模块，并比较不同数量下的C3模块对训练结果的test_acc有何影响；
- 模型每增加一个C3模块，
forward()函数内部也同步增加一个C3模块；这是因为init里是定义，forward是调用
1.环境配置
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torchvision.transforms as transforms
import torchvision
from torchvision import transforms, datasets
import os,PIL,pathlib,warnings
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore") #忽略警告信息
device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
deviceimport os,PIL,random,pathlib
data_dir = './8-data/'
data_dir = pathlib.Path(data_dir)
data_paths = list(data_dir.glob('*'))
classeNames = [str(path).split("\\")[1] for path in data_paths]
classeNames
# 关于transforms.Compose的更多介绍可以参考：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38251616/article/details/124878863
train_transforms = transforms.Compose([
transforms.Resize([224, 224]), # 将输入图片resize成统一尺寸
# transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(), # 随机水平翻转
transforms.ToTensor(), # 将PIL Image或numpy.ndarray转换为tensor，并归一化到[0,1]之间
transforms.Normalize( # 标准化处理-->转换为标准正太分布（高斯分布），使模型更容易收敛
mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406],
std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225]) # 其中 mean=[0.485,0.456,0.406]与std=[0.229,0.224,0.225] 从数据集中随机抽样计算得到的。
])
test_transform = transforms.Compose([
transforms.Resize([224, 224]), # 将输入图片resize成统一尺寸
transforms.ToTensor(), # 将PIL Image或numpy.ndarray转换为tensor，并归一化到[0,1]之间
transforms.Normalize( # 标准化处理-->转换为标准正太分布（高斯分布），使模型更容易收敛
mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406],
std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225]) # 其中 mean=[0.485,0.456,0.406]与std=[0.229,0.224,0.225] 从数据集中随机抽样计算得到的。
])
total_data = datasets.ImageFolder("./8-data/",transform=train_transforms)
total_data2.划分数据集
train_size = int(0.8 * len(total_data))
test_size = len(total_data) - train_size
train_dataset, test_dataset = torch.utils.data.random_split(total_data, [train_size, test_size])
train_dataset, test_dataset
batch_size = 4
train_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(train_dataset,
batch_size=batch_size,
shuffle=True,
num_workers=1)
test_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(test_dataset,
batch_size=batch_size,
shuffle=True,
num_workers=1)3.搭建包含C3模块的模型
import torch.nn.functional as F
def autopad(k, p=None): # kernel, padding
# Pad to 'same'
if p is None:
p = k // 2 if isinstance(k, int) else [x // 2 for x in k] # auto-pad
return p在判断语句中，首先检查卷积核的尺寸 k 是否为整数。如果是整数，表示 k 是一个方形卷积核，其宽度和高度相同。在这种情况下，使用卷积核的尺寸 k 的一半作为填充大小。
-
如果
k是整数，执行k // 2将卷积核尺寸除以2取整，得到的值作为填充大小。 -
如果卷积核的尺寸
k不是整数，表示k是一个由两个整数组成的列表，分别表示卷积核的宽度和高度。在这种情况下，分别计算每个维度的填充大小，将它们组成一个列表。 -
返回计算得到的填充大小
p。
这个函数实现了一个常见的机制，即“自动填充（auto-padding）”，它使得在进行卷积操作时，可以通过简单地传入卷积核的尺寸，自动计算所需的填充大小以保持输入与输出的尺寸相同，这通常用于卷积神经网络中的“填充方式为相同（padding='same'）”的情况。
让GPT举了个例子方便我具体理解这个函数
class Conv(nn.Module):
# Standard convolution
def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=1, s=1, p=None, g=1, act=True): # ch_in, ch_out, kernel, stride, padding, groups
super().__init__()
self.conv = nn.Conv2d(c1, c2, k, s, autopad(k, p), groups=g, bias=False)
self.bn = nn.BatchNorm2d(c2)
self.act = nn.SiLU() if act is True else (act if isinstance(act, nn.Module) else nn.Identity())
这段代码的作用是创建一个卷积层，并在卷积后应用批标准化和激活函数，构成了一个标准的卷积层组件。
class Bottleneck(nn.Module):
# Standard bottleneck
def __init__(self, c1, c2, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5): # ch_in, ch_out, shortcut, groups, expansion
super().__init__()
c_ = int(c2 * e) # hidden channels
self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
self.cv2 = Conv(c_, c2, 3, 1, g=g)
self.add = shortcut and c1 == c2
def forward(self, x):
return x + self.cv2(self.cv1(x)) if self.add else self.cv2(self.cv1(x))这段代码定义了一个名为 Bottleneck 的类，该类表示了一个标准的瓶颈（Bottleneck）块
class C3(nn.Module):
# CSP Bottleneck with 3 convolutions
def __init__(self, c1, c2, n=1, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5): # ch_in, ch_out, number, shortcut, groups, expansion
super().__init__()
c_ = int(c2 * e) # hidden channels
self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
self.cv2 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
self.cv3 = Conv(2 * c_, c2, 1) # act=FReLU(c2)
self.m = nn.Sequential(*(Bottleneck(c_, c_, shortcut, g, e=1.0) for _ in range(n)))
def forward(self, x):
return self.cv3(torch.cat((self.m(self.cv1(x)), self.cv2(x)), dim=1))本周重点（C3模块）：
这段代码定义了一个名为 C3 的类，表示了一个具有3次卷积操作的CSP瓶颈（CSP Bottleneck）。这个类通过使用CSP（Cross-Stage Partial Connections）结构来提高模型的表达能力。
创建三个卷积层 self.cv1、self.cv2 和 self.cv3，分别用于CSP瓶颈中的三次卷积操作。这三个卷积层分别是：
self.cv1：一个1x1的卷积层，用于减少通道数。self.cv2：一个1x1的卷积层，用于减少通道数。self.cv3：一个1x1的卷积层，用于在减少通道数后再次增加通道数。
创建一个由多个 Bottleneck 块组成的序列，这些 Bottleneck 块共享相同的输入和输出通道数，即 c_。
在前向传播方法中，首先通过第一个卷积层 self.cv1 对输入 x 进行卷积操作，然后通过 Bottleneck 块序列 self.m 对第一个卷积层的输出进行多次卷积操作。接着，将第一个卷积层和 Bottleneck 块序列的输出通过 torch.cat() 函数进行拼接，然后再通过第二个卷积层 self.cv2 进行卷积操作。最后，通过第三个卷积层 self.cv3 进行卷积操作，并返回其结果。
class model_K(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(model_K, self).__init__()
# 卷积模块
self.Conv = Conv(3, 32, 3, 2)
# C3模块1
self.C3_1 = C3(32, 64, 3, 2)
# 全连接网络层，用于分类
self.classifier = nn.Sequential(
nn.Linear(in_features=802816, out_features=100),
nn.ReLU(),
nn.Linear(in_features=100, out_features=4)
)总的模型串联
总的模型信息是
----------------------------------------------------------------
Layer (type) Output Shape Param #
================================================================
Conv2d-1 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 864
BatchNorm2d-2 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-3 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-4 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-5 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 1,024
BatchNorm2d-6 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-7 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-8 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-9 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 1,024
BatchNorm2d-10 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-11 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-12 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-13 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 9,216
BatchNorm2d-14 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-15 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-16 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Bottleneck-17 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-18 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 1,024
BatchNorm2d-19 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-20 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-21 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-22 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 9,216
BatchNorm2d-23 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-24 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-25 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Bottleneck-26 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-27 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 1,024
BatchNorm2d-28 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-29 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-30 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-31 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 9,216
BatchNorm2d-32 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-33 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-34 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Bottleneck-35 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-36 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 1,024
BatchNorm2d-37 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-38 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-39 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-40 [-1, 64, 112, 112] 4,096
BatchNorm2d-41 [-1, 64, 112, 112] 128
SiLU-42 [-1, 64, 112, 112] 0
Conv-43 [-1, 64, 112, 112] 0
C3-44 [-1, 64, 112, 112] 0
Linear-45 [-1, 100] 80,281,700
ReLU-46 [-1, 100] 0
Linear-47 [-1, 4] 404
================================================================
Total params: 80,320,536
Trainable params: 80,320,536
Non-trainable params: 0
----------------------------------------------------------------
Input size (MB): 0.57
Forward/backward pass size (MB): 150.06
Params size (MB): 306.40
Estimated Total Size (MB): 457.04
----------------------------------------------------------------4.训练函数和测试函数
# 训练循环
def train(dataloader, model, loss_fn, optimizer):
size = len(dataloader.dataset) # 训练集的大小
num_batches = len(dataloader) # 批次数目, (size/batch_size，向上取整)
train_loss, train_acc = 0, 0 # 初始化训练损失和正确率
for X, y in dataloader: # 获取图片及其标签
X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)
# 计算预测误差
pred = model(X) # 网络输出
loss = loss_fn(pred, y) # 计算网络输出和真实值之间的差距，targets为真实值，计算二者差值即为损失
# 反向传播
optimizer.zero_grad() # grad属性归零
loss.backward() # 反向传播
optimizer.step() # 每一步自动更新
# 记录acc与loss
train_acc += (pred.argmax(1) == y).type(torch.float).sum().item()
train_loss += loss.item()
train_acc /= size
train_loss /= num_batches
return train_acc, train_loss
def test (dataloader, model, loss_fn):
size = len(dataloader.dataset) # 测试集的大小
num_batches = len(dataloader) # 批次数目, (size/batch_size，向上取整)
test_loss, test_acc = 0, 0
# 当不进行训练时，停止梯度更新，节省计算内存消耗
with torch.no_grad():
for imgs, target in dataloader:
imgs, target = imgs.to(device), target.to(device)
# 计算loss
target_pred = model(imgs)
loss = loss_fn(target_pred, target)
test_loss += loss.item()
test_acc += (target_pred.argmax(1) == target).type(torch.float).sum().item()
test_acc /= size
test_loss /= num_batches
return test_acc, test_loss5.正式训练
import copy
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr= 1e-4)
loss_fn = nn.CrossEntropyLoss() # 创建损失函数
epochs = 20
train_loss = []
train_acc = []
test_loss = []
test_acc = []
best_acc = 0 # 设置一个最佳准确率，作为最佳模型的判别指标
for epoch in range(epochs):
model.train()
epoch_train_acc, epoch_train_loss = train(train_dl, model, loss_fn, optimizer)
model.eval()
epoch_test_acc, epoch_test_loss = test(test_dl, model, loss_fn)
# 保存最佳模型到 best_model
if epoch_test_acc > best_acc:
best_acc = epoch_test_acc
best_model = copy.deepcopy(model)
train_acc.append(epoch_train_acc)
train_loss.append(epoch_train_loss)
test_acc.append(epoch_test_acc)
test_loss.append(epoch_test_loss)
# 获取当前的学习率
lr = optimizer.state_dict()['param_groups'][0]['lr']
template = ('Epoch:{:2d}, Train_acc:{:.1f}%, Train_loss:{:.3f}, Test_acc:{:.1f}%, Test_loss:{:.3f}, Lr:{:.2E}')
print(template.format(epoch+1, epoch_train_acc*100, epoch_train_loss,
epoch_test_acc*100, epoch_test_loss, lr))
# 保存最佳模型到文件中
PATH = './best_model.pth' # 保存的参数文件名
torch.save(model.state_dict(), PATH)
print('Done')Epoch: 1, Train_acc:70.4%, Train_loss:1.143, Test_acc:84.4%, Test_loss:0.967, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 2, Train_acc:86.3%, Train_loss:0.389, Test_acc:84.9%, Test_loss:1.085, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 3, Train_acc:89.8%, Train_loss:0.332, Test_acc:84.9%, Test_loss:1.764, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 4, Train_acc:92.8%, Train_loss:0.232, Test_acc:85.3%, Test_loss:1.321, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 5, Train_acc:95.8%, Train_loss:0.141, Test_acc:84.9%, Test_loss:1.471, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 6, Train_acc:97.4%, Train_loss:0.079, Test_acc:86.2%, Test_loss:1.066, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 7, Train_acc:97.4%, Train_loss:0.065, Test_acc:83.6%, Test_loss:1.534, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 8, Train_acc:97.8%, Train_loss:0.079, Test_acc:84.0%, Test_loss:1.226, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 9, Train_acc:98.9%, Train_loss:0.034, Test_acc:88.0%, Test_loss:0.973, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:10, Train_acc:96.7%, Train_loss:0.139, Test_acc:86.7%, Test_loss:1.064, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:11, Train_acc:97.3%, Train_loss:0.088, Test_acc:86.2%, Test_loss:1.316, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:12, Train_acc:98.9%, Train_loss:0.038, Test_acc:88.9%, Test_loss:0.681, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:13, Train_acc:99.6%, Train_loss:0.015, Test_acc:86.2%, Test_loss:0.928, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:14, Train_acc:99.2%, Train_loss:0.040, Test_acc:82.7%, Test_loss:1.446, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:15, Train_acc:98.9%, Train_loss:0.024, Test_acc:83.6%, Test_loss:0.941, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:16, Train_acc:99.6%, Train_loss:0.014, Test_acc:88.4%, Test_loss:0.953, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:17, Train_acc:99.8%, Train_loss:0.007, Test_acc:88.0%, Test_loss:1.068, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:18, Train_acc:99.2%, Train_loss:0.025, Test_acc:86.7%, Test_loss:1.290, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:19, Train_acc:98.9%, Train_loss:0.033, Test_acc:85.3%, Test_loss:1.073, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:20, Train_acc:99.6%, Train_loss:0.016, Test_acc:88.4%, Test_loss:1.267, Lr:1.00E-04
Done测试集准确率达到了88.4%
6.结果可视化
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
#隐藏警告
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore") #忽略警告信息
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] # 用来正常显示中文标签
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 用来正常显示负号
plt.rcParams['figure.dpi'] = 100 #分辨率
epochs_range = range(epochs)
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 3))
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
plt.plot(epochs_range, train_acc, label='Training Accuracy')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_acc, label='Test Accuracy')
plt.legend(loc='lower right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Accuracy')
plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.plot(epochs_range, train_loss, label='Training Loss')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_loss, label='Test Loss')
plt.legend(loc='upper right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Loss')
plt.show()
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