C++类外访问私有成员

1.友元

类允许友元函数访问其非公有成员

class A
{
    friend class B;
private :
    int m_a;
};
 
class B
{
public:
    void fun()
    {
        A a;
        a.m_a = 1; // 访问A的私有成员
    }
};

2.提供接口

在类里面提供共有函数接口

class A
{
public:
    int GetMemberA() { return m_a; }
    void SetMemberA(int a) { m_a = a; }
private:
    int m_a;
};
 
class B
{
public:
    void fun()
    {
        A a;
        a.SetMemberA(1);
    }
};

3.指针

想办法拿到那个私有成员的地址，绕过访问权限控制符

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class Test
{
    private:
        int data;
    public:
        Test() { data = 0; }
        int getData() { return data; }
        void printaddr() 
        {
            printf("data ptr = %p\n", &data);
        }
};

int main()
{
    Test t;
    int* ptr = (int*)&t;
    *ptr = 10;
    cout << t.getData() << endl;
    t.printaddr();
    printf("(int *)&t = %p\n", &t);
    return 0;
}

运行结果：

10
data ptr = 0x7fff660979b0
(int *)&t = 0x7fff660979b0

4.#define方法(仅供思考)

#define private public