8.1
#include<iostream>
#include<sstream>
std::istream& readData(std::istream& is)
{
std::string s;
while (is >> s)
{
std::cout << s << std::endl;
}
is.clear();
return is;
}
8.2
#include<iostream>
#include<sstream>
std::istream& readData(std::istream& is)
{
std::string s;
while (is >> s)
{
std::cout << s << std::endl;
}
is.clear();
return is;
}
int main()
{
readData(std::cin);
return 0;
}
8.3
bad、fail和eof其中一个在对应错误位被置位时。
8.4
//编写一个函数,读模式打开一个文件,读入到一个string的vector中
#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include<sstream>
#include<vector>
#include<string>
void readFile(std::vector<std::string> &v1)
{
std::ifstream is("data.txt");
std::string tem;
if (is)
{
while (getline(is, tem))
{
v1.push_back(tem);
}
}
else
{
std::cerr << "wrong!" << std::endl;
}
}
void printVector(std::vector<std::string> &v1)
{
for (auto i = v1.begin(); i != v1.end(); i++)
{
std::cout << *i << std::endl;
}
}
int main()
{
std::vector<std::string> v1;
readFile(v1);
printVector(v1);
return 0;
}
8.5
//将每个单词作为一个独立的元素存储
#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include<sstream>
#include<vector>
#include<string>
void readFile(std::vector<std::string> &v1)
{
std::ifstream is("data.txt");
std::string tem;
if (is)
{
while (is>>tem)
{
v1.push_back(tem);
}
}
else
{
std::cerr << "wrong!" << std::endl;
}
}
void printVector(std::vector<std::string> &v1)
{
for (auto i = v1.begin(); i != v1.end(); i++)
{
std::cout << *i << std::endl;
}
}
int main()
{
std::vector<std::string> v1;
readFile(v1);
printVector(v1);
return 0;
}
8.6
Sales_data.h
#pragma once
#include <string>
struct Sales_data;
std::istream &read(std::istream &is, Sales_data &item);
std::ostream &print(std::ostream &os, const Sales_data &item);
Sales_data add(const Sales_data &lhs, const Sales_data &rhs);
struct Sales_data
{
friend std::istream &read(std::istream &is, Sales_data &item);
friend std::ostream &print(std::ostream &os, const Sales_data &item);
friend Sales_data add(const Sales_data &lhs, const Sales_data &rhs);
public:
Sales_data() = default;
Sales_data(const std::string &s) : bookNo(s) {}
Sales_data(const std::string &s, unsigned n, double p) : bookNo(s), units_sold(n), revenue(p*n) {}
Sales_data(std::istream &is) { read(is, *this); }
std::string isbn() const { return bookNo; }
Sales_data& combine(const Sales_data&);
private:
inline double avg_price() const;
std::string bookNo;
unsigned units_sold = 0;
double revenue = 0.0;
};
Sales_data& Sales_data::combine(const Sales_data &rhs)
{
units_sold += rhs.units_sold;
revenue += rhs.revenue;
return *this;
}
inline double Sales_data::avg_price() const
{
if (units_sold)
return revenue / units_sold;
else
return 0;
}
std::istream &read(std::istream &is, Sales_data &item)
{
double price = 0;
is >> item.bookNo >> item.units_sold >> price;
item.revenue = price * item.units_sold;
return is;
}
std::ostream &print(std::ostream &os, const Sales_data &item)
{
os << item.isbn() << " " << item.units_sold << " " << item.revenue << " " << item.avg_price();
return os;
}
Sales_data add(const Sales_data &lhs, const Sales_data &rhs)
{
Sales_data sum = lhs;
sum.combine(rhs);
return sum;
}
8.6.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include "Sales_data.h"
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
std::ifstream ifs(argv[1]);
Sales_data total;//保存当前结果的变量
if (!ifs)
{
return 1;
}
if (read(ifs, total))
{
Sales_data trans;
while (read(ifs, trans))
{
if (total.isbn() == trans.isbn())
{
total.combine(trans);
}
else
{
print(std::cout, total) << std::endl;
total = trans;
}
}
print(std::cout, total) << std::endl;
return 0;
}
else
{
std::cerr << "No Data???" << std::endl;
return -1;
}
}
8.7
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include "Sales_data.h"
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
if (argv[1] == NULL || argv[2] == NULL)
{
return -1;
}
std::ifstream ifs(argv[1]);
std::ofstream ofs(argv[2]);
// Sales_data total;//保存当前结果的变量
Sales_data total;
if (!ifs)
{
return 1;
}
if (read(ifs, total))
{
Sales_data trans;
while (read(ifs, trans))
{
if (total.isbn() == trans.isbn())
{
total.combine(trans);
}
else
{
print(ofs, total) << std::endl;
total = trans;
}
}
print(ofs, total) << std::endl;
return 0;
}
else
{
std::cerr << "No Data???" << std::endl;
return -1;
}
}
8.8
将 std::ofstream ofs(argv[2]);
改为 std::ofstream ofs(argv[2], std::ofstream::app);
8.9
#include<iostream>
#include<sstream>
std::istringstream& readData(std::istringstream& is)
{
std::string s;
while (is >> s)
{
std::cout << s << std::endl;
}
is.clear();
return is;
}
int main()
{
std::istringstream istrs("yukino");
readData(istrs);
return 0;
}
8.10
// 将一个文件中的行保存在一个vector<string>中,然后使用isstringstream从vecotr中读取元素,每次读取一个单词。
#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include<sstream>
#include<vector>
void readFile(std::vector<std::string> &v1)
{
std::ifstream ifs("data.txt");
std::string line;
if (!ifs)
{
std::cerr << "no such data!" << std::endl;
}
while (getline(ifs, line))
{
v1.push_back(line);
}
ifs.close();
}
void vector2String(std::vector<std::string> &v1)
{
std::string tem2;
for (auto &i : v1)
{
std::istringstream istr(i);
while (istr >> tem2)
{
std::cout << tem2 << " ";
}
}
}
int main()
{
std::vector<std::string> v;
readFile(v);
vector2String(v);
return 0;
}
8.11
#include"PersonInfo.h"
#include<iostream>
#include<sstream>
//将record对象定义在循环外
//使用strm.str(s) 将string s拷贝到strm中,返回void
int main()
{
std::string line, word;//分别保存来自输入的一行和单词
std::vector<PersonInfo> people;
std::istringstream record;
while (getline(std::cin, line))
{
PersonInfo info;
record.clear();//复位,否则将会导致后续值为空
record.str(line);
record >> info.name;
while (record >> word)
{
info.phones.push_back(word);
}
people.push_back(info);
}
for (auto &i : people)
{
std::cout << i.name << ":";
for (auto &j : i.phones)
{
std::cout << j << " ";
}
std::cout << std::endl;
}
return 0;
}
8.12
类内成员string和vector可以自己进行初始化。
8.13
#include"PersonInfo.h"
#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include<sstream>
//重写电话号码,从文件读取数据
int main()
{
std::string line, word;//分别保存来自输入的一行和单词
std::vector<PersonInfo> people;
std::ifstream ifs("data.txt");
std::istringstream record;
while (getline(ifs, line))
{
PersonInfo info;
record.clear();//复位,否则将会导致后续值为空
record.str(line);
record >> info.name;
while (record >> word)
{
info.phones.push_back(word);
}
people.push_back(info);
}
for (auto &i : people)
{
std::cout << i.name << ":";
for (auto &j : i.phones)
{
std::cout << j << " ";
}
std::cout << std::endl;
}
return 0;
}
8.15
const是因为对象的值不应该改变,引用可以避免拷贝,提高效率。