C++Primer 第八章 IO库 习题答案

8.1

#include<iostream>
#include<sstream>
std::istream& readData(std::istream& is)
{
	std::string s;
	while (is >> s)
	{
		std::cout << s << std::endl;
	}
	is.clear();
	return is;
}

8.2

#include<iostream>
#include<sstream>
std::istream& readData(std::istream& is)
{
	std::string s;
	while (is >> s)
	{
		std::cout << s << std::endl;
	}
	is.clear();
	return is;
}

int main()
{
	readData(std::cin);
	return 0;
}

8.3

bad、fail和eof其中一个在对应错误位被置位时。

8.4

//编写一个函数,读模式打开一个文件,读入到一个string的vector中
#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include<sstream>
#include<vector>
#include<string>

void readFile(std::vector<std::string> &v1)
{
	std::ifstream is("data.txt");
	
	std::string tem;
	if (is)
	{
		while (getline(is, tem))
		{
			v1.push_back(tem);
		}
	}
	else
	{
		std::cerr << "wrong!" << std::endl;
	}
}
void printVector(std::vector<std::string> &v1)
{
	for (auto i = v1.begin(); i != v1.end(); i++)
	{
		std::cout << *i << std::endl;
	}
}

int main()
{
	std::vector<std::string> v1;
	readFile(v1);
	printVector(v1);
	return 0;
}

8.5

//将每个单词作为一个独立的元素存储
#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include<sstream>
#include<vector>
#include<string>

void readFile(std::vector<std::string> &v1)
{
	std::ifstream is("data.txt");

	std::string tem;
	if (is)
	{
		while (is>>tem)
		{
			v1.push_back(tem);
		}
	}
	else
	{
		std::cerr << "wrong!" << std::endl;
	}
}
void printVector(std::vector<std::string> &v1)
{
	for (auto i = v1.begin(); i != v1.end(); i++)
	{
		std::cout << *i << std::endl;
	}
}

int main()
{
	std::vector<std::string> v1;
	readFile(v1);
	printVector(v1);
	return 0;
}

8.6

Sales_data.h

#pragma once

#include <string>

struct Sales_data;

std::istream &read(std::istream &is, Sales_data &item);
std::ostream &print(std::ostream &os, const Sales_data &item);
Sales_data add(const Sales_data &lhs, const Sales_data &rhs);

struct Sales_data
{
	friend std::istream &read(std::istream &is, Sales_data &item);
	friend std::ostream &print(std::ostream &os, const Sales_data &item);
	friend Sales_data add(const Sales_data &lhs, const Sales_data &rhs);
public:
	Sales_data() = default;
	Sales_data(const std::string &s) : bookNo(s) {}
	Sales_data(const std::string &s, unsigned n, double p) : bookNo(s), units_sold(n), revenue(p*n) {}
	Sales_data(std::istream &is) { read(is, *this); }
	std::string isbn() const { return bookNo; }
	Sales_data& combine(const Sales_data&);
private:
	inline double avg_price() const;

	std::string bookNo;
	unsigned units_sold = 0;
	double revenue = 0.0;
};

Sales_data& Sales_data::combine(const Sales_data &rhs)
{
	units_sold += rhs.units_sold;
	revenue += rhs.revenue;

	return *this;
}

inline double Sales_data::avg_price() const
{
	if (units_sold)
		return revenue / units_sold;
	else
		return 0;
}

std::istream &read(std::istream &is, Sales_data &item)
{
	double price = 0;

	is >> item.bookNo >> item.units_sold >> price;
	item.revenue = price * item.units_sold;

	return is;
}

std::ostream &print(std::ostream &os, const Sales_data &item)
{
	os << item.isbn() << " " << item.units_sold << " " << item.revenue << " " << item.avg_price();

	return os;
}

Sales_data add(const Sales_data &lhs, const Sales_data &rhs)
{
	Sales_data sum = lhs;
	sum.combine(rhs);

	return sum;
}


8.6.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include "Sales_data.h"

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	std::ifstream ifs(argv[1]);
	Sales_data total;//保存当前结果的变量
	if (!ifs)
	{
		return 1;
	}
	if (read(ifs, total))
	{
		Sales_data trans;
		while (read(ifs, trans))
		{
			if (total.isbn() == trans.isbn())
			{
				total.combine(trans);
			}
			else
			{
				print(std::cout, total) << std::endl;
				total = trans;
			}
		}
		print(std::cout, total) << std::endl;
		return 0;
	}
	else
	{
		std::cerr << "No Data???" << std::endl;
		return -1;
	}
}

8.7

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include "Sales_data.h"

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	if (argv[1] == NULL || argv[2] == NULL)
	{
		return -1;	
	}

	std::ifstream ifs(argv[1]);
	std::ofstream ofs(argv[2]);
	// Sales_data total;//保存当前结果的变量
	Sales_data total;
	if (!ifs)
	{
		return 1;
	}
	
	if (read(ifs, total))
	{
		Sales_data trans;
		while (read(ifs, trans))
		{
			if (total.isbn() == trans.isbn())
			{
				total.combine(trans);
			}
			else
			{
				print(ofs, total) << std::endl;
				total = trans;
			}
		}
		print(ofs, total) << std::endl;
		return 0;
	}
	else
	{
		std::cerr << "No Data???" << std::endl;
		return -1;
	}
}

8.8

std::ofstream ofs(argv[2]);
改为 std::ofstream ofs(argv[2], std::ofstream::app);

8.9

#include<iostream>
#include<sstream>
std::istringstream& readData(std::istringstream& is)
{
	std::string s;
	while (is >> s)
	{
		std::cout << s << std::endl;
	}
	is.clear();
	return is;
}

int main()
{
	std::istringstream istrs("yukino");
	readData(istrs);
	return 0;
}

8.10

// 将一个文件中的行保存在一个vector<string>中,然后使用isstringstream从vecotr中读取元素,每次读取一个单词。
#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include<sstream>
#include<vector>

void readFile(std::vector<std::string> &v1)
{
	std::ifstream ifs("data.txt");
	std::string line;
	if (!ifs)
	{
		std::cerr << "no such data!" << std::endl;
	}
	while (getline(ifs, line))
	{
		v1.push_back(line);
	}
	ifs.close();

}

void vector2String(std::vector<std::string> &v1)
{
	std::string tem2;
	for (auto &i : v1)
	{
		std::istringstream istr(i);
		while (istr >> tem2)
		{
			std::cout << tem2 << " ";
		}

	}

}


int main()
{
	std::vector<std::string> v;
	readFile(v);
	vector2String(v);
	return 0;
}

8.11

#include"PersonInfo.h"
#include<iostream>
#include<sstream>
//将record对象定义在循环外
//使用strm.str(s) 将string s拷贝到strm中,返回void
int main()
{
	std::string line, word;//分别保存来自输入的一行和单词
	std::vector<PersonInfo> people;
    std::istringstream record;
	while (getline(std::cin, line))
	{
		PersonInfo info;
		record.clear();//复位,否则将会导致后续值为空
		record.str(line);
		record >> info.name;
		while (record >> word)
		{
			info.phones.push_back(word);
		}
		people.push_back(info);
	}
	for (auto &i : people)
	{
		std::cout << i.name << ":";
		for (auto &j : i.phones)
		{
			std::cout << j << " ";
		}
		std::cout << std::endl;
	}

	return 0;
}

8.12

类内成员string和vector可以自己进行初始化。

8.13

#include"PersonInfo.h"
#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include<sstream>
//重写电话号码,从文件读取数据
int main()
{
	std::string line, word;//分别保存来自输入的一行和单词
	std::vector<PersonInfo> people;
	std::ifstream ifs("data.txt");
	std::istringstream record;
	while (getline(ifs, line))
	{
		PersonInfo info;
		record.clear();//复位,否则将会导致后续值为空
		record.str(line);
		record >> info.name;
		while (record >> word)
		{
			info.phones.push_back(word);
		}
		people.push_back(info);
	}
	for (auto &i : people)
	{
		std::cout << i.name << ":";
		for (auto &j : i.phones)
		{
			std::cout << j << " ";
		}
		std::cout << std::endl;
	}

	return 0;
}

8.15

const是因为对象的值不应该改变,引用可以避免拷贝,提高效率。

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