python 元类注册

1.元类

元类，就是创建类的创建者，简单来说就是代码的生成器

python元类都是从type类继承的。用元类可以做一些很麻烦的工作，如验证子类，注册子类等。

2.注册序列化类实例

import json


# global dict
registry = {}

def register_class(target_class):
    registry[target_class.__name__] = target_class

class Serializable(object):
    def __init__(self, *args):
        self.args = args

    def serialize(self):
        return json.dumps({
            'class':self.__class__.__name__,
            'args':self.args
        })

class Meta(type):
    def __new__(meta, name, bases, class_dict):
        cls = type.__new__(meta, name, bases, class_dict)
        register_class(cls)
        return cls

class Serialize(Serializable, metaclass=Meta):
    pass

def Deserialize(data):
    params = json.loads(data)
    name = params['class']
    target_class = registry[name]
    s = target_class(*params['args'])
    return s

# test class
class vec2d(Serialize):
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        super().__init__(x,y)
        self.x, self.y = x, y

    def __repr__(self):
        return 'vec2d(%d,%d)' % (self.x, self.y)

if __name__=='__main__':
    t = vec2d(3,-12)
    print('before', t)
    data = t.serialize()
    print("serialized:"+data)
    m = Deserialize(data)
    print("deserialized:" , m)

结果：

before vec2d(3,-12)
serialized:{"class": "vec2d", "args": [3, -12]}
deserialized: vec2d(3,-12)

3.元类构造相同结构的属性实例，多用在数据库操作

元类可以用在类定义好，未使用时，修改类的属性，与描述符搭配起来，更方便。

class Fild(object):
    '''
    数据库中的列
    '''
    def __init__(self):
        self.name = None
        self.internal_name = None

    def __get__(self, instance, owner):
        if instance is None:
            return self
        return getattr(instance, self.internal_name, "")

    def __set__(self, instance, value):
        setattr(instance, self.internal_name, value)

class Meta(type):
    def __new__(meta, name, bases, class_dict):
        for key,value in class_dict.items():
            if isinstance(value, Fild):
                value.name = key
                value.internal_name = "_" + key
        cls = type.__new__(meta, name, bases, class_dict)
        return cls

class DatabaseRow(object, metaclass=Meta):
    '''
    构造一系列有相同结构的属性值
    '''
    pass



class customer(DatabaseRow):
    first_name = Fild()
    last_name = Fild()

if __name__=='__main__':
    foo = customer()
    print('befor:', repr(foo.first_name), foo.__dict__)
    foo.first_name = 'Killer'
    print('after:', repr(foo.first_name), foo.__dict__)

结果：

befor: '' {}
after: 'Killer' {'_first_name': 'Killer'}

参考：

1. my coding.net
2. Python的学习（十八）—- 单元测试工具nose