- 🍨 本文为🔗365天深度学习训练营 中的学习记录博客
- 🍖 原作者:K同学啊
代码
from torchvision.transforms import transforms
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
from torchvision import datasets
import torchvision.models as models
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch.nn as nn
import torch,torchvision
device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
device
device(type=‘cuda’)
import os,PIL,random,pathlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# 支持中文
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] # 用来正常显示中文标签
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 用来正常显示负号
data_dir = './data/p/015_licence_plate/'
data_dir = pathlib.Path(data_dir)
data_paths = list(data_dir.glob('*'))
classeNames = [str(path).split("\\")[3].split("_")[1].split(".")[0] for path in data_paths]
print(classeNames)
[‘川W9BR26’, ‘藏WP66B0’, ‘沪E264UD’, ‘津D8Z15T’, ‘浙E198UJ’…]
data_paths = list(data_dir.glob('*'))
data_paths_str = [str(path) for path in data_paths]
plt.figure(figsize=(14,5))
plt.suptitle("数据示例",fontsize=15)
for i in range(18):
plt.subplot(3,6,i+1)
# plt.xticks([])
# plt.yticks([])
# plt.grid(False)
# 显示图片
images = plt.imread(data_paths_str[i])
plt.imshow(images)
plt.show()
import numpy as np
char_enum = ["京","沪","津","渝","冀","晋","蒙","辽","吉","黑","苏","浙","皖","闽","赣","鲁",\
"豫","鄂","湘","粤","桂","琼","川","贵","云","藏","陕","甘","青","宁","新","军","使"]
number = [str(i) for i in range(0, 10)] # 0 到 9 的数字
alphabet = [chr(i) for i in range(65, 91)] # A 到 Z 的字母
char_set = char_enum + number + alphabet
char_set_len = len(char_set)
label_name_len = len(classeNames[0])
# 将字符串数字化
def text2vec(text):
vector = np.zeros([label_name_len, char_set_len])
for i, c in enumerate(text):
idx = char_set.index(c)
vector[i][idx] = 1.0
return vector
all_labels = [text2vec(i) for i in classeNames]
import os
import pandas as pd
from torchvision.io import read_image
from torch.utils.data import Dataset
import torch.utils.data as data
from PIL import Image
class MyDataset(data.Dataset):
def __init__(self, all_labels, data_paths_str, transform):
self.img_labels = all_labels # 获取标签信息
self.img_dir = data_paths_str # 图像目录路径
self.transform = transform # 目标转换函数
def __len__(self):
return len(self.img_labels)
def __getitem__(self, index):
image = Image.open(self.img_dir[index]).convert('RGB')#plt.imread(self.img_dir[index]) # 使用 torchvision.io.read_image 读取图像
label = self.img_labels[index] # 获取图像对应的标签
if self.transform:
image = self.transform(image)
return image, label # 返回图像和标签
total_datadir = './data/p/015_licence_plate/'
# 关于transforms.Compose的更多介绍可以参考:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38251616/article/details/124878863
train_transforms = transforms.Compose([
transforms.Resize([224, 224]), # 将输入图片resize成统一尺寸
transforms.ToTensor(), # 将PIL Image或numpy.ndarray转换为tensor,并归一化到[0,1]之间
transforms.Normalize( # 标准化处理-->转换为标准正太分布(高斯分布),使模型更容易收敛
mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406],
std =[0.229, 0.224, 0.225]) # 其中 mean=[0.485,0.456,0.406]与std=[0.229,0.224,0.225] 从数据集中随机抽样计算得到的。
])
total_data = MyDataset(all_labels, data_paths_str, train_transforms)
total_data
<main.MyDataset at 0x1dad1086640>
train_size = int(0.8 * len(total_data))
test_size = len(total_data) - train_size
train_dataset, test_dataset = torch.utils.data.random_split(total_data, [train_size, test_size])
train_size,test_size
(10940, 2735)
train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(train_dataset,
batch_size=16,
shuffle=True)
test_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(test_dataset,
batch_size=16,
shuffle=True)
print("The number of images in a training set is: ", len(train_loader)*16)
print("The number of images in a test set is: ", len(test_loader)*16)
print("The number of batches per epoch is: ", len(train_loader))
The number of images in a training set is: 10944
The number of images in a test set is: 2736
The number of batches per epoch is: 684
for X, y in test_loader:
print("Shape of X [N, C, H, W]: ", X.shape)
print("Shape of y: ", y.shape, y.dtype)
break
Shape of X [N, C, H, W]: torch.Size([16, 3, 224, 224])
Shape of y: torch.Size([16, 7, 69]) torch.float64
class Network_bn(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(Network_bn, self).__init__()
"""
nn.Conv2d()函数:
第一个参数(in_channels)是输入的channel数量
第二个参数(out_channels)是输出的channel数量
第三个参数(kernel_size)是卷积核大小
第四个参数(stride)是步长,默认为1
第五个参数(padding)是填充大小,默认为0
"""
self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=3, out_channels=12, kernel_size=5, stride=1, padding=0)
self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(12)
self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=12, out_channels=12, kernel_size=5, stride=1, padding=0)
self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(12)
self.pool = nn.MaxPool2d(2,2)
self.conv4 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=12, out_channels=24, kernel_size=5, stride=1, padding=0)
self.bn4 = nn.BatchNorm2d(24)
self.conv5 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=24, out_channels=24, kernel_size=5, stride=1, padding=0)
self.bn5 = nn.BatchNorm2d(24)
self.fc1 = nn.Linear(24*50*50, label_name_len*char_set_len)
self.reshape = Reshape([label_name_len,char_set_len])
def forward(self, x):
x = F.relu(self.bn1(self.conv1(x)))
x = F.relu(self.bn2(self.conv2(x)))
x = self.pool(x)
x = F.relu(self.bn4(self.conv4(x)))
x = F.relu(self.bn5(self.conv5(x)))
x = self.pool(x)
x = x.view(-1, 24*50*50)
x = self.fc1(x)
# 最终reshape
x = self.reshape(x)
return x
# 定义Reshape层
class Reshape(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, shape):
super(Reshape, self).__init__()
self.shape = shape
def forward(self, x):
return x.view(x.size(0), *self.shape)
device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
print("Using {} device".format(device))
model = Network_bn().to(device)
model
Network_bn(
(conv1): Conv2d(3, 12, kernel_size=(5, 5), stride=(1, 1))
(bn1): BatchNorm2d(12, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(conv2): Conv2d(12, 12, kernel_size=(5, 5), stride=(1, 1))
(bn2): BatchNorm2d(12, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(pool): MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2, padding=0, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False)
(conv4): Conv2d(12, 24, kernel_size=(5, 5), stride=(1, 1))
(bn4): BatchNorm2d(24, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(conv5): Conv2d(24, 24, kernel_size=(5, 5), stride=(1, 1))
(bn5): BatchNorm2d(24, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(fc1): Linear(in_features=60000, out_features=483, bias=True)
(reshape): Reshape()
)
import torchsummary
''' 显示网络结构 '''
torchsummary.summary(model, (3, 224, 224))
==========================================================================================
Layer (type:depth-idx) Output Shape Param #
==========================================================================================
├─Conv2d: 1-1 [-1, 12, 220, 220] 912
├─BatchNorm2d: 1-2 [-1, 12, 220, 220] 24
├─Conv2d: 1-3 [-1, 12, 216, 216] 3,612
├─BatchNorm2d: 1-4 [-1, 12, 216, 216] 24
├─MaxPool2d: 1-5 [-1, 12, 108, 108] --
├─Conv2d: 1-6 [-1, 24, 104, 104] 7,224
├─BatchNorm2d: 1-7 [-1, 24, 104, 104] 48
├─Conv2d: 1-8 [-1, 24, 100, 100] 14,424
├─BatchNorm2d: 1-9 [-1, 24, 100, 100] 48
├─MaxPool2d: 1-10 [-1, 24, 50, 50] --
├─Linear: 1-11 [-1, 483] 28,980,483
├─Reshape: 1-12 [-1, 7, 69] --
==========================================================================================
Total params: 29,006,799
Trainable params: 29,006,799
Non-trainable params: 0
Total mult-adds (M): 462.38
==========================================================================================
Input size (MB): 0.57
Forward/backward pass size (MB): 25.03
Params size (MB): 110.65
Estimated Total Size (MB): 136.26
==========================================================================================
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(),
lr=1e-4,
weight_decay=0.0001)
loss_model = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
from torch.autograd import Variable
def test(model, test_loader, loss_model):
size = len(test_loader.dataset)
num_batches = len(test_loader)
model.eval()
test_loss, correct = 0, 0
with torch.no_grad():
for X, y in test_loader:
X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)
pred = model(X)
test_loss += loss_model(pred, y).item()
test_loss /= num_batches
print(f"Avg loss: {test_loss:>8f} \n")
return correct,test_loss
def train(model,train_loader,loss_model,optimizer):
model=model.to(device)
model.train()
for i, (images, labels) in enumerate(train_loader, 0): #0是标起始位置的值。
images = Variable(images.to(device))
labels = Variable(labels.to(device))
optimizer.zero_grad()
outputs = model(images)
loss = loss_model(outputs, labels)
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
if i % 1000 == 0:
print('[%5d] loss: %.3f' % (i, loss))
test_acc_list = []
test_loss_list = []
epochs = 30
for t in range(epochs):
print(f"Epoch {t+1}\n-------------------------------")
train(model,train_loader,loss_model,optimizer)
test_acc,test_loss = test(model, test_loader, loss_model)
test_acc_list.append(test_acc)
test_loss_list.append(test_loss)
print("Done!")
Epoch 1
[ 0] loss: 0.213
Avg loss: 0.079603
Epoch 2
[ 0] loss: 0.079
Avg loss: 0.060202
Epoch 3
[ 0] loss: 0.028
Avg loss: 0.044577
Epoch 4
[ 0] loss: 0.017
Avg loss: 0.046019
Epoch 5
[ 0] loss: 0.031
Avg loss: 0.039825
Epoch 6
[ 0] loss: 0.020
Avg loss: 0.037831
Epoch 7
[ 0] loss: 0.036
Avg loss: 0.038155
Epoch 8
[ 0] loss: 0.019
Avg loss: 0.035109
Epoch 9
[ 0] loss: 0.025
Avg loss: 0.034304
Epoch 10
[ 0] loss: 0.013
Avg loss: 0.035060
Epoch 11
[ 0] loss: 0.008
Avg loss: 0.032514
Epoch 12
[ 0] loss: 0.016
Avg loss: 0.032926
Epoch 13
[ 0] loss: 0.026
Avg loss: 0.030407
Epoch 14
[ 0] loss: 0.027
Avg loss: 0.029784
Epoch 15
[ 0] loss: 0.033
Avg loss: 0.030229
Epoch 16
[ 0] loss: 0.026
Avg loss: 0.029391
Epoch 17
[ 0] loss: 0.022
Avg loss: 0.029136
Epoch 18
[ 0] loss: 0.019
Avg loss: 0.028480
Epoch 19
[ 0] loss: 0.013
Avg loss: 0.027387
Epoch 20
[ 0] loss: 0.012
Avg loss: 0.027484
Epoch 21
[ 0] loss: 0.028
Avg loss: 0.026955
Epoch 22
[ 0] loss: 0.017
Avg loss: 0.027299
Epoch 23
[ 0] loss: 0.015
Avg loss: 0.027710
Epoch 24
[ 0] loss: 0.013
Avg loss: 0.027263
Epoch 25
[ 0] loss: 0.013
Avg loss: 0.025654
Epoch 26
[ 0] loss: 0.024
Avg loss: 0.026460
Epoch 27
[ 0] loss: 0.012
Avg loss: 0.026072
Epoch 28
[ 0] loss: 0.009
Avg loss: 0.025800
Epoch 29
[ 0] loss: 0.024
Avg loss: 0.026158
Epoch 30
[ 0] loss: 0.025
Avg loss: 0.026188
Done!
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = [i for i in range(1,31)]
plt.plot(x, test_loss_list, label="Loss", alpha=0.8)
plt.xlabel("Epoch")
plt.ylabel("Loss")
plt.legend()
plt.show()
自定义加载数据集
自定义加载数据集步骤概述
在深度学习中,自定义加载数据集是一个常见的任务,因为很多实际项目中的数据集并不是标准的格式,或者你可能需要对数据进行一些预处理。
- 理解数据集
确定数据集的结构(例如,CSV文件、图片文件夹、数据库等)。
了解每个数据点的格式和包含的信息。
确定是否有标签(监督学习)或仅有特征(非监督学习)。
2.定义数据类
在Python中,通常使用torch.utils.data.Dataset(PyTorch中)或类似的类(TensorFlow等)来定义你的数据集。
在这个类中,你需要实现__len__和__getitem__方法。
__len__方法返回数据集的长度,
__getitem__方法允许你通过索引访问数据集中的每个数据点。getitem接收一个index,然后返回图片数据和标签,这个index通常指的是一个list的index,这个list的每个元素就包含了图片数据的路径和标签信息。
制作list,通常的方法是将图片的路径和标签信息存储在一个txt中,然后从该txt中读取。 那么读取自己数据的基本流程就是:
制作存储了图片的路径和标签信息的txt;
将这些信息转化为list,该list每一个元素对应一个样本;
通过getitem函数,读取数据和标签,并返回数据和标签;
3.数据加载
在__getitem__方法中,需要编写代码来加载和预处理数据。包括读取文件、解析数据、应用转换(如缩放、归一化、裁剪等)等。
4.数据预处理
在加载数据后,可能需要进行一些预处理步骤,如数据增强(对于图像数据)、特征工程等。
这些步骤可以在__getitem__方法内部实现,也可以作为单独的函数或类。
5.批处理
使用torch.utils.data.DataLoader来加载和批处理数据。这个类允许指定批大小、是否打乱数据、使用多线程加载等。
DataLoader会调用你定义的Dataset类的__getitem__方法来获取数据,并自动进行批处理。
6.测试和调试
编写代码来测试你的数据集类,确保它能够正确地加载和预处理数据。
使用一小部分数据来测试你的模型,以确保数据加载和预处理没有问题。
7.优化和扩展
如果数据加载速度很慢,考虑使用更快的存储解决方案(如SSD)或优化你的数据加载和预处理代码。
如果你的数据集很大且不能全部加载到内存中,考虑使用流式加载或分布式加载。