Cifar10代码详解

cifar10_input.py

"""Routine for decoding the CIFAR-10 binary file format."""

from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function

import os

from six.moves import xrange  # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
import tensorflow as tf

# Process images of this size. Note that this differs from the original CIFAR
# image size of 32 x 32. If one alters this number, then the entire model
# architecture will change and any model would need to be retrained.
# 原图像的尺度为32*32,但根据常识，信息部分通常位于图像的中央，
# 这里定义了以中心裁剪后图像的尺寸
IMAGE_SIZE = 24

# Global constants describing the CIFAR-10 data set.
NUM_CLASSES = 10
NUM_EXAMPLES_PER_EPOCH_FOR_TRAIN = 50000
NUM_EXAMPLES_PER_EPOCH_FOR_EVAL = 10000


def read_cifar10(filename_queue):
  """Reads and parses examples from CIFAR10 data files.

  Recommendation: if you want N-way read parallelism, call this function
  N times.  This will give you N independent Readers reading different
  files & positions within those files, which will give better mixing of
  examples.

  Args:
    filename_queue: A queue of strings with the filenames to read from.

  Returns:
    An object representing a single example, with the following fields:
      height: number of rows in the result (32)
      width: number of columns in the result (32)
      depth: number of color channels in the result (3)
      key: a scalar string Tensor describing the filename & record number
        for this example.
      label: an int32 Tensor with the label in the range 0..9.
      uint8image: a [height, width, depth] uint8 Tensor with the image data
  """

  # 定义一个空的类对象，类似于c语言里面的结构体定义
  class CIFAR10Record(object):
    pass
  result = CIFAR10Record()

  # Dimensions of the images in the CIFAR-10 dataset.
  # See http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~kriz/cifar.html for a description of the
  # input format.
  label_bytes = 1  # 2 for CIFAR-100
  result.height = 32
  result.width = 32
  result.depth = 3
  #一张图像占用空间
  image_bytes = result.height * result.width * result.depth
  # Every record consists of a label followed by the image, with a
  # fixed number of bytes for each.
  #数据集中一条记录的组成
  record_bytes = label_bytes + image_bytes

  # Read a record, getting filenames from the filename_queue.  No
  # header or footer in the CIFAR-10 format, so we leave header_bytes
  # and footer_bytes at their default of 0.
  # 定义一个Reader，它每次能从文件中读取固定字节数
  reader = tf.FixedLengthRecordReader(record_bytes=record_bytes)
  # 返回从filename_queue中读取的(key, value)对，key和value都是字符串类型的tensor，并且当队列中的某一个文件读完成时，该文件名会dequeue
  result.key, value = reader.read(filename_queue)

  # Convert from a string to a vector of uint8 that is record_bytes long.
  # 解码操作可以看作读二进制文件，把字符串中的字节转换为数值向量,每一个数值占用一个字节,在[0, 255]区间内，因此out_type要取uint8类型
  record_bytes = tf.decode_raw(value, tf.uint8)#将字符串Tensor转化成uint8类型

  # The first bytes represent the label, which we convert from uint8->int32.
  # 从一维tensor对象中截取一个slice,类似于从一维向量中筛选子向量，因为record_bytes中包含了label和feature，故要对向量类型tensor进行'parse'操作
  result.label = tf.cast(
      tf.strided_slice(record_bytes, [0], [label_bytes]), tf.int32)#分别表示待截取片段的起点和长度，并且把标签由之前的uint8转变成int32数据类型

  # The remaining bytes after the label represent the image, which we reshape.
  # from [depth * height * width] to [depth, height, width].
  #提取每条记录中的图像数据为result.depth, result.height, result.width
  depth_major = tf.reshape(
      tf.strided_slice(record_bytes, [label_bytes],
                       [label_bytes + image_bytes]),
      [result.depth, result.height, result.width])
  # Convert from [depth, height, width] to [height, width, depth].
  #改变为height, width, depth
  result.uint8image = tf.transpose(depth_major, [1, 2, 0])

  return result


# 构建一个排列后的一组图片和分类
def _generate_image_and_label_batch(image, label, min_queue_examples,
                                    batch_size, shuffle):
  """Construct a queued batch of images and labels.

  Args:
    image: 3-D Tensor of [height, width, 3] of type.float32.
    label: 1-D Tensor of type.int32
    min_queue_examples: int32, minimum number of samples to retain
      in the queue that provides of batches of examples.
    batch_size: Number of images per batch.
    shuffle: boolean indicating whether to use a shuffling queue.

  Returns:
    images: Images. 4D tensor of [batch_size, height, width, 3] size.
    labels: Labels. 1D tensor of [batch_size] size.
  """
  # Create a queue that shuffles the examples, and then
  # read 'batch_size' images + labels from the example queue.
  #线程数
  num_preprocess_threads = 16
  #布尔指示是否使用一个shuffling队列
  if shuffle:
    images, label_batch = tf.train.shuffle_batch(
        [image, label],
        batch_size=batch_size,
        num_threads=num_preprocess_threads,
        capacity=min_queue_examples + 3 * batch_size,
        min_after_dequeue=min_queue_examples)
  else:
      #tf.train.batch(tensors, batch_size, num_threads=1, capacity=32,
      # enqueue_many=False, shapes=None, dynamic_pad=False,
      # allow_smaller_final_batch=False, shared_name=None, name=None)
      #这里是用队列实现，已经默认使用enqueue_runner将enqueue_runner加入到Graph'senqueue_runner集合中
      #其默认enqueue_many=False时，输入的tensor为一个样本【x,y,z】,输出为Tensor的一批样本
      #capacity：队列中允许最大元素个数
    images, label_batch = tf.train.batch(
        [image, label],
        batch_size=batch_size,
        num_threads=num_preprocess_threads,
        capacity=min_queue_examples + 3 * batch_size)

  # Display the training images in the visualizer.
  #将训练图片可视化，可拱直接检查图片正误
  tf.summary.image('images', images)

  return images, tf.reshape(label_batch, [batch_size])

# 为CIFAR评价构建输入
# data_dir路径
# batch_size一个组的大小
def distorted_inputs(data_dir, batch_size):
  """Construct distorted input for CIFAR training using the Reader ops.

  Args:
    data_dir: Path to the CIFAR-10 data directory.
    batch_size: Number of images per batch.

  Returns:
    images: Images. 4D tensor of [batch_size, IMAGE_SIZE, IMAGE_SIZE, 3] size.
    labels: Labels. 1D tensor of [batch_size] size.
  """
  filenames = [os.path.join(data_dir, 'data_batch_%d.bin' % i)
               for i in xrange(1, 6)]
  for f in filenames:
    if not tf.gfile.Exists(f):
      raise ValueError('Failed to find file: ' + f)

  # Create a queue that produces the filenames to read.
  filename_queue = tf.train.string_input_producer(filenames)

  # Read examples from files in the filename queue.
  read_input = read_cifar10(filename_queue)
  reshaped_image = tf.cast(read_input.uint8image, tf.float32)

  height = IMAGE_SIZE
  width = IMAGE_SIZE

  # Image processing for training the network. Note the many random
  # distortions applied to the image.

  # Randomly crop a [height, width] section of the image.
  distorted_image = tf.random_crop(reshaped_image, [height, width, 3])

  # Randomly flip the image horizontally.
  distorted_image = tf.image.random_flip_left_right(distorted_image)

  # Because these operations are not commutative, consider randomizing
  # the order their operation.
  # NOTE: since per_image_standardization zeros the mean and makes
  # the stddev unit, this likely has no effect see tensorflow#1458.
  distorted_image = tf.image.random_brightness(distorted_image,
                                               max_delta=63)
  distorted_image = tf.image.random_contrast(distorted_image,
                                             lower