【LeetCode】Practice Note: 7/5/2022

目录

Date：July 3rd, 2022

Study Plan and Problem Number: Top Interview Quesitons 3

Problem 1:

Syntax: 

Map in C++ STL:

Algorithm & Structure:

Bug:

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Date：July 3rd, 2022

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Study Plan and Problem Number: Top Interview Quesitons 3

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Problem 1:

Syntax: 

Map in C++ STL:

• Basic understanding: mapping is more like a dictionary in python, which is to say, each unit is a pair, and it's a "vector" or "list" for a group of pairs.
• Two ways to insert elements in random order:

  // empty map container
  map<int, int> gquiz1;
  // insert elements in random order
  gquiz1.insert(pair<int, int>(1, 40));
  // another way of inserting a value in a map
  gquiz1[7]=10;

• It's common to use iterator to manipulate the content

  //initialize a map iterator
  map<int, int>::iterator itr;
  cout << "\nThe map gquiz1 is : \n";
  cout << "\tKEY\tELEMENT\n";
  for (itr = gquiz1.begin(); itr != gquiz1.end(); ++itr) {
      //first and second element are accessed by using arrow to first and second
      //pretty similar to pairs
      cout << '\t' << itr->first << '\t' << itr->second << '\n';
  }
  cout << endl;
  
  //copy a map to another, using iterator method
  map<int, int> gquiz2(gquiz1.begin(), gquiz1.end());
  //erase all pairs with by a key2
  gquiz2.erase(2);
  //remove all element up to 3
  gquiz2.erase(gquiz2.begin(), gquiz2.find(3));
  //remove all element after 3
  gquiz2.erase(gquiz2.find(3), gquiz.end());
  

Structure and typedef:

• Typedef plays a similar role as the "import A as B", such that we can call the datatype as B for the rest of time.

•  The typedef can be used to structure, but there's not a big meaning but make the code more clear in sense of naming. Also, there can be a constructor in struct:

  typedef struct myStruct{
      int var1_;
      int var2_;
      //default constructor:
      myStruct(): var1_(0), var2_(0) {}
      //customized constructor:
      myStruct(int var1, int var2): var1_(var1), var2_(var2) {}
  }myStruct //final name of struct

Algorithm & Structure:

Sliced window method:

•  When considering to find a sub-string or vector that contains a special property within the input string, it's a good method to use mapping/hash table with slicing window.
• Two make the slicing working, there shall be two dummy variables, front and back. 

Bug:

• When using this type of for-loop iteration

  typdef struct customStruct{
      int var1;
      char var2;
  }customStruct;
  
  vector<customStruct> stList;
  
  for(customStruct st: stList){
      //do something to the struct e.g.
      //st.var1 = 123;
  }
  

  Notice that the 'st' is just a copy of object in the vector, so it can't modify the actual content within. It's essential to use dummy variable in this case:

  for(int i = 0; i < stList.size(); i++){
      //do something to the struct e.g.
      //stList[i].var1 = 123;
  }
  

Tomorrow's Plan:

• 2-3 questions in top interview set

                                       种一棵树最好的时机是十年前 其次是现在。