curl 命令行工具

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-05 10:41:07 发布

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分类专栏： Linux 文章标签： curl

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curl 命令行工具

@(linux)[curl 帮助]

curl 是一种命令行工具，作用是发出网络请求，并获取数据，显示在标准输出stdout上面，支持多种协议
Usage: curl [options...] <url>

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curl 命令行工具

`-i` &`-I`

-i：显示http response 头部信息，连同网页代码一起
-I：只会显示http response 头部信息

$ curl -i http://www.sina.com



  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100   178  100   178    0     0   1412      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  1447HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Server: nginx
Date: Tue, 15 Dec 2020 13:54:51 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 178
Connection: keep-alive
Location: http://www.sina.com.cn/
Expires: Tue, 15 Dec 2020 13:56:31 GMT
Cache-Control: max-age=120
X-Via-SSL: ssl.95.sinag1.qxg.lb.sinanode.com
Edge-Copy-Time: 1608040489086
Age: 20
Via: https/1.1 cmcc.guangzhou.union.82 (ApacheTrafficServer/6.2.1 [cRs f ]), https/1.1 cmcc.shandong.union.25 (ApacheTrafficServer/6.2.1 [cRs f ])
X-Via-Edge: 16080404919570726f4786253c07856551a99
X-Cache: HIT.25
X-Via-CDN: f=edge,s=cmcc.shandong.union.26.nb.sinaedge.com,c=120.244.38.7;f=Edge,s=cmcc.shandong.union.25,c=120.192.83.26

<html>
<head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>301 Moved Permanently</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx</center>
</body>
</html>

$ curl -I http://www.sina.com



  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  0   178    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Server: nginx
Date: Tue, 15 Dec 2020 14:00:32 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 178
Connection: keep-alive
Location: http://www.sina.com.cn/
Expires: Tue, 15 Dec 2020 14:00:34 GMT
Cache-Control: max-age=120
X-Via-SSL: ssl.23.sinag1.qxg.lb.sinanode.com
Edge-Copy-Time: 1608040831144
Age: 118
Via: https/1.1 cmcc.guangzhou.union.82 (ApacheTrafficServer/6.2.1 [cRs f ]), https/1.1 cmcc.shandong.union.25 (ApacheTrafficServer/6.2.1 [cRs f ])
X-Via-Edge: 16080408327980726f4786253c0784f401845
X-Cache: HIT.25
X-Via-CDN: f=edge,s=cmcc.shandong.union.85.nb.sinaedge.com,c=120.244.38.7;f=Edge,s=cmcc.shandong.union.25,c=120.192.83.85

`-k`

-k：在发送https请求时，不做认证（跳过 SSL 检测）
不会检查服务器的 SSL 证书是否正确
(SSL)允许curl执行不安全的SSL连接和传输。所有SSL连接都尝试使用默认安装的CA证书包来确保安全。

如果不采用-k 请求https时会出现以下提示：
Unable to communicate securely with peer: requested domain name does not match the server's certificate.

`-H`

-H param：设置请求头参数
-H "Content-type: application/json"：设置请求头Content-Type，以json格式发送

$ curl -I -k -H "Content-type: application/json" http://www.baidu.com
  

% Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  0   277    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Cache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 277
Content-Type: text/html
Date: Tue, 15 Dec 2020 14:40:42 GMT
Etag: "575e1f60-115"
Last-Modified: Mon, 13 Jun 2016 02:50:08 GMT
Pragma: no-cache
Server: bfe/1.0.8.18

`-X`

-X：指定请求方法
-X POST/PUT/DELETE：使用POST/PUT/DELETE方法

$ curl -I -k -H "Content-type: application/json" -X GET http://www.baidu.com
 

 % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  0  2381    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Cache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 2381
Content-Type: text/html
Date: Tue, 15 Dec 2020 14:43:40 GMT
Etag: "588604c8-94d"
Last-Modified: Mon, 23 Jan 2017 13:27:36 GMT
Pragma: no-cache
Server: bfe/1.0.8.18
Set-Cookie: BDORZ=27315; max-age=86400; domain=.baidu.com; path=/