STL学习之三：string用法示例

本文介绍STL中的string的用法示例代码。

// string 的典型操作

//字符串的初始化

#include "iostream"
using namespace std;
#include "string"
#include "algorithm"
void main11()
{
	string s1 = "aaaaa";
	string s2("bbbb");
	string s3 = s2;//通过copy构造函数初始化s3
	string s4(10,'a');//打印10个a

	cout << "s1:" << s1<<endl;
	cout << "s2:" << s2<<endl;
	cout << "s3:" << s3<<endl;
	cout << "s4:" << s4<<endl;
}

//string 的遍历
void main12()
{
	string s1 = "abcdefg";
	// 数组方法
	for (int i=0;i<s1.length();i++)
	{
		cout << s1[i] << " ";
	}
	cout << endl;
	// 迭代器的方法
	for (string::iterator it = s1.begin();it != s1.end();it++)
	{
		cout << *it << " ";
	}
	cout << endl;

	try
	{
		for (int i=0;i<s1.length()+3;i++)
		{
			cout << s1.at(i) << " ";// at 可以抛出异常 

		}
		cout << endl;
	}
	catch (...)
	{
		cout << "发生异常\n";
	}
	
	cout << endl;
	try
	{
		for (int i=0;i<s1.length()+3;i++)
		{
			cout << s1[i] << " ";//出现错误不向外面抛出异常 引起程序的中断
		}
		cout << endl;
	}
	catch (...)
	{
		cout << "发生异常\n";
	}
		
}

// 字符指针和string的转换
void main13()
{
	string s1 = "aaabbb";
	// s1 ===> char *
	printf("s1:%s\n",s1.c_str());
	// s1 的内容copy到 buf 中
	char buf1[128] = {0};
	s1.copy(buf1,3,0);
	cout << "buf1:" << buf1 << endl;
}
// 字符串的连接
void main14()
{
	string s1 = "aaa";
	string s2 = "bbb";
	s1 = s1 + s2;
	cout << s1 << endl;

	string s3 = "333";
	string s4 = "444";
	s3.append(s4);
	cout << s3 << endl;
}
//字符串的查找和替换
//查找
// int find(char c,int pos=0) const; 从pos开始查找字符c在当前字符串的位置
// int find(const char *s,int pos=0) const;从pos开始查找字符串s在当前字符串的位置
// 如果查不到 就返回-1
// int rfind(char c,int pos=npos) const; 从pos开始从后向前查找字符c在当前字符串的位置
// int rfind(const char *s,int pos=0) const;
// int rfind(const char &s,int pos=0) const;
// rfind 是反向查找的意思，如果查不到，返回-1

// 替换
//string &replace(int pos,int n,const char *s);//删除从pos开始的n个字符，然后再pos处插入串s
//string &replace(int pos,int n,const char string &s);//删除从pos开始的n个字符，然后再pos处插入串s

void main15()
{
	string s1 = "zcbvchgtwbmui234 wbm 999 wbm sdg wbm ";
	int index = s1.find("wbm",0);// 下标从0开始
	cout << "index:" << index << endl;

	//案例 1 求wbm出现的次数 每一次出现的数组下标
	int offindex = s1.find("wbm",0);
	while (offindex != string::npos)
	{
		cout << "offindex:" << offindex << endl;
		offindex = offindex +1;
		offindex = s1.find("wbm",offindex);
	}

	//  案例2 替换 把小写换成大写
	string s3 = "aaa bbb ccc";
	s3.replace(0,3,"AAA");
	cout << s3 << endl;

	offindex = s1.find("wbm",0);
	while (offindex != string::npos)
	{
		cout << "offindex:" << offindex << endl;
		s1.replace(offindex,3,"WBM");

		offindex = offindex +1;
		offindex = s1.find("wbm",offindex);
	}
	cout << "替换后的结果" << s1 << endl;
}
// 截断（区间删除）和插入
void main16()
{
	string s1 = "hello  cvbvhelloc 123 liucheng 7hello978f";
	string::iterator it = find(s1.begin(),s1.end(),'l');
	if (it != s1.end())
	{
		s1.erase(it);
	}
	cout << "删除后：" << s1 << endl;
	s1.erase(s1.begin(),s1.end());// 删除全部
	cout << s1 << endl;

	// 插入
	string s2 = "BBB  CCC";
	s2.insert(0,"AAA");// 头插法
	cout << s2 << endl;
	s2.insert(s2.length(),"DDD");
	cout << s2;

}
void main17()
{
	string s1 = "AAbbb";
	//1 函数的入口地址 2 函数对象 3预定义的函数对象
	transform(s1.begin(),s1.end(),s1.begin(),toupper);// 全变成大写
	cout << s1 << endl;
	string s2 = "AAAAccvv";
	transform(s2.begin(),s2.end(),s2.begin(),tolower);// 全变成小写
	cout << s2 << endl;
}
void main()
{
	//main11();
	//main12();
	//main13();
	//main14();
	//main15();
	//main16();
	main17();
	cout << "hello..."<< endl;

	system("pause");

}