lib绘图？
使用PyQt的QChart模块可以很容易地将matplotlib图形嵌入到Qt应用程序中。QChart模块为做出出色的数据可视化提供了无限制的可能性，并且可以使用硬件加速技术进行加速，例如OpenGL。
下面是如何使用带有硬件加速的OpenGL的Matplotlib和PyQt的示例程序：
```python
import sys
import numpy as np
import matplotlib
matplotlib.use('Qt5Agg')
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
from PyQt5.QtGui import QOpenGLShader, QOpenGLShaderProgram, QOpenGLContext, QSurfaceFormat
from PyQt5.QtOpenGL import QOpenGLWidget
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
class GLWidget(QOpenGLWidget):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super().__init__(parent)
self.shader_prog = None
self.vertices = None
self.vao = None
self.create_vertices()
self.setup_opengl()
def create_vertices(self):
# Create N random heights.
N = 100
self.vertices = np.zeros((N, 3))
self.vertices[:,0] = np.linspace(-1, 1, N)
self.vertices[:,1] = np.random.rand(N)
self.vertices[:,2] = np.linspace(-1, 1, N)
def setup_opengl(self):
self.initializeOpenGLFunctions()
# Create shader program.
vs = QOpenGLShader(QOpenGLShader.Vertex, self)
vs.compileSourceCode("""
attribute vec3 vertex_position;
varying vec4 color;
uniform mat4 mvp;
void main() {
color = vec4(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
gl_Position = mvp * vec4(vertex_position, 1.0);
}
""")
fs = QOpenGLShader(QOpenGLShader.Fragment, self)
fs.compileSourceCode("""
varying vec4 color;
void main() {
gl_FragColor = color;
}
""")
self.shader_prog = QOpenGLShaderProgram(self)
self.shader_prog.addShader(vs)
self.shader_prog.addShader(fs)
self.shader_prog.link()
# Create VBO and VAO.
self.vao = self.createVertexArrayObject()
vbo = self.createBuffer(self.vertices.nbytes)
vbo.bind()
vbo.write(self.vertices.tobytes())
self.shader_prog.enableAttributeArray(0)
self.shader_prog.setAttributeBuffer(0, self.gl.GL_FLOAT, 0, 3)
vbo.release()
def createVertexArrayObject(self):
vao = self.gl.glGenVertexArrays(1)
self.gl.glBindVertexArray(vao)
return vao
def createBuffer(self, size):
vbo = self.gl.glGenBuffers(1)
vbo.bind()
self.gl.glBufferData(self.gl.GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, size, None, self.gl.GL_STATIC_DRAW)
vbo.release()
return vbo
def paintGL(self):
self.gl.glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
self.gl.glClear(self.gl.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | self.gl.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
self.shader_prog.bind()
mvp = self.projectionMatrix() * self.viewMatrix() * self.modelMatrix()
self.shader_prog.setUniformValue("mvp", mvp)
self.gl.glBindVertexArray(self.vao)
self.gl.glDrawArrays(self.gl.GL_LINE_STRIP, 0, self.vertices.shape[0])
def viewMatrix(self):
return np.array([
[1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0],
[0.0, 1.0, 0.0, -1.0],
[0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 3.0],
[0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0],
], dtype=np.float32)
def projectionMatrix(self):
W, H = self.width(), self.height()
return np.array([
[2.0/W, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0],
[0.0, -2.0/H, 0.0, 0.0],
[0.0, 0.0, -1.0, 0.0],
[-1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0],
], dtype=np.float32)
def modelMatrix(self):
return np.identity(4, dtype=np.float32)
class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super().__init__(parent)
# Create figure and canvas.
self.figure = Figure(figsize=(4, 4), dpi=100)
self.canvas = FigureCanvas(self.figure)
# Create GL widget.
self.gl_widget = GLWidget()
# Set central widget.
self.setCentralWidget(self.gl_widget)
# Add random heights to the figure.
ax = self.figure.add_subplot(111)
ax.plot(self.gl_widget.vertices[:, 1])
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
# Create OpenGL context.
format = QSurfaceFormat()
format.setVersion(3, 3)
format.setProfile(QSurfaceFormat.CoreProfile)
format.setDepthBufferSize(24)
format.setSamples(4)
QSurfaceFormat.setDefaultFormat(format)
# Create and show main window.
window = MainWindow()
window.show()
# Enter application event loop.
sys.exit(app.exec_())
```
这个程序创建了一个带有OpenGL硬件加速的PyQt应用程序，绘制了一个具有随机高度的线条。这个线条是用OpenGL绘制的，并使用matplotlib库在QMainWindow中绘制相同的线条。注意，可以按住鼠标左键在3D视图中旋转场景。
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