Python学习笔记

代码示例

number =23
guess =int(raw_input('enter a integer:'))
if guess==number:
    print 'congratulate ,you guessed it'#new block starts here
    print 'but you do not win any prize'#new block ends here
elif guess<number:
    print 'no it is a little higher than that'#new block starts here
    #you can do whatever you want in a block
else:
    print 'no,it is a little lower than that'
print 'done'
#this last statesment is always excuted after theif statesment is excuated

python和C代码区别
直接从代码上看，python代码比起C的代码少了大括号和每一行的分号。代码块使用缩进来表示的。
格式化输入

number =23
running=True
while running:
    guess =int(raw_input('enter a integer:'))
    if guess==number:
        print 'congratulate ,you guessed it'#new block starts here
        running=False #this causes the while loop to stop
    elif guess>number:
        print 'no it is a little higher than that'#new block starts here
        #you can do whatever you want in a block
    else:
        print 'no,it is a little lower than that'
else:
        print'the while loop is over'
print 'done'
    #this last statesment is always excuted after theif statesment is excuated

在这个程序中缩进显得非常重要，要么全部使用空格缩进，要么全部使用TAB键进行缩进
同时在这个程序中还用到了while循环，这里和C有所不同，在while循环中使用了一个else子句。

for i in range(1,5):
    print i
else: 
    print 'Thefor loop is over '

这个便是python的for循环，在C中用的是for(i=1;i<5;i++),在python这里用的就是 i inrange(1,5)更加的直接和简单了

while True:
    s=raw_input('enter something:')
    if s=='quit':
        break
    print 'length of the sring is',len(s)
print 'DONE'  

break语句，这里跳出循环，在下一段代码中，break和continue的区别更加明显

while True:
    s=raw_input('enter something:')
    if s=='quit':
        break
    if len(s)<3:
        continue
    print'input is of sufficient length'
    #do other kinds of processing here

下面是输出结果

enter something:hello world
input is of sufficient length
enter something:he
enter something:he
enter something:quit
Process finished with exit code 0

这里很明显了，continue是跳出本次循环，继续下一次循环，而break是结束循环

关于局部变量和全局变量

这个概念和C语言中的是相同的，这里不用代码验证其作用范围了。
在C语言中打印一个字符串多次，需要用到一个循环，而在我们的Python中，只需要使用print message*5就可以打印5次了

返回参数值，用的也是return

关键参数

如果函数中有许多参数，如果只需要指定其中的一部分，那你可以通过命名来为这些参数————指定参数值

def func(a,b=5,c=10):
    print 'a is' ,a and 'b is' ,b,'and c is',c
func(3,7)
func(25,c=24)
func(c=50,a=100)
func(b=10,c=10)

output:

Traceback (most recent call last):
a is b is 7 and c is 10
a is b is 5 and c is 24
a is b is 5 and c is 50
File “C:/Users/Jack_Fu/PycharmProjects/untitled/keyvalue.py”, line 6, in
func(b=10,c=10)
TypeError: func() takes at least 1 argument (2 given)

Process finished with exit code 1

这里有需要执行四次，但是只是执行了三次，最后一次由于没有指定a参数，所以在后面报错了
所以这里需要注意一下，没有指定的函数参数，一定要在调用函数的时候指定参数，否则会报错