AsyncTask：源码分析

1、核心对象

1. 为 2 个线程池 + Handler

类	作用
THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR	执行耗时任务线程池
SERIAL_EXECUTOR	执行并行任务线程池
InternalHandler	消息传递

2、工作原理

1. AsyncTask 初始化
   
2. AsyncTask 执行
   

3、源码分析

// 抽象类，Params 传入参数，Progress 执行进度，Result 返回结果。不需要传 Void。
public abstract class AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> {
	// THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR 配置参数
	// CPU 核心数。
    private static final int CPU_COUNT = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
    // 线程池的核心线程数 2-4，最大值和 CPU 核心数有关。
    private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = Math.max(2, Math.min(CPU_COUNT - 1, 4));
    // 线程池的最大线程数。
    private static final int MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = CPU_COUNT * 2 + 1;
    // 线程池空闲线程存活时间。
    private static final int KEEP_ALIVE_SECONDS = 30;

	// 线程工厂
    private static final ThreadFactory sThreadFactory = new ThreadFactory() {
        private final AtomicInteger mCount = new AtomicInteger(1);

        public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
            return new Thread(r, "AsyncTask #" + mCount.getAndIncrement());
        }
    };

	// 存储任务的队列为 LinkedBlockingQueue 最大容量为 128。
    private static final BlockingQueue<Runnable> sPoolWorkQueue =
            new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(128);

	// 执行耗时任务线程池
    public static final Executor THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR;

    static {
        ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
                CORE_POOL_SIZE, MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                sPoolWorkQueue, sThreadFactory);
        threadPoolExecutor.allowCoreThreadTimeOut(true);
        THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR = threadPoolExecutor;
    }

	// 执行并行任务线程池
    public static final Executor SERIAL_EXECUTOR = new SerialExecutor();

    private static final int MESSAGE_POST_RESULT = 0x1;
    private static final int MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS = 0x2;

    private static volatile Executor sDefaultExecutor = SERIAL_EXECUTOR;
    // 消息传递
    private static InternalHandler sHandler;
	
	// 耗时任务
    private final WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> mWorker;
    // 可获取结果异步任务
    private final FutureTask<Result> mFuture;

    private volatile Status mStatus = Status.PENDING;
    
    private final AtomicBoolean mCancelled = new AtomicBoolean();
    private final AtomicBoolean mTaskInvoked = new AtomicBoolean();

    private final Handler mHandler;

    private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
    	// 1.一个双向队列
        final ArrayDeque<Runnable> mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>();
        Runnable mActive;
		
		// 2.synchronized 保证元素串行执行。
        public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
        	// 2.1 向队列中加一个新任务。
            mTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        r.run();
                    } finally {
                    	// 2.2 执行一个新任务。
                        scheduleNext();
                    }
                }
            });
            // 2.2 执行一个新任务。
            if (mActive == null) {
                scheduleNext();
            }
        }

		// 取出队列头部任务，THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR 执行任务。
        protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
            if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) {
                THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive);
            }
        }
    }

    // 一个任务只能执行一次，PENDING 未执行，RUNNING 正在执行，FINISHED，执行完成。
    public enum Status {
        PENDING,
        RUNNING,
        FINISHED,
    }
	
	// 注：Handler 绑定主线程 Looper，AsyncTask 必须在主线程创建，执行。
    private static Handler getMainHandler() {
        synchronized (AsyncTask.class) {
            if (sHandler == null) {
                sHandler = new InternalHandler(Looper.getMainLooper());
            }
            return sHandler;
        }
    }

    private Handler getHandler() {
        return mHandler;
    }

    /** @hide */
    public static void setDefaultExecutor(Executor exec) {
        sDefaultExecutor = exec;
    }

    public AsyncTask() {
        this((Looper) null);
    }

    // AsyncTask 必须在 UI 线程创建。
    public AsyncTask(@Nullable Handler handler) {
        this(handler != null ? handler.getLooper() : null);
    }

    public AsyncTask(@Nullable Looper callbackLooper) {
    	// 1、初始化 Handler。
        mHandler = callbackLooper == null || callbackLooper == Looper.getMainLooper()
            ? getMainHandler()
            : new Handler(callbackLooper);
		// 2、初始化 WorkerRunnable，一个 Callable 对象。
        mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
            public Result call() throws Exception {
                mTaskInvoked.set(true);
                Result result = null;
                try {
                    Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
                    // 2.1 执行耗时操作。
                    result = doInBackground(mParams);
                    Binder.flushPendingCommands();
                } catch (Throwable tr) {
                	// 2.2 执行异常，设置取消标志。
                    mCancelled.set(true);
                    throw tr;
                } finally {
                	// 2.3 执行结束。
                    postResult(result);
                }
                return result;
            }
        };
		// 3、初始化 FutureTask。
        mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {
        	// 3.1 Callable 执行完，调用 done 方法。检查任务，将未被调用的任务的结果通过 InternalHandler 发送给 UI 线程。
            @Override
            protected void done() {
                try {
                	// 3.2 发送未被调用的任务的 Result。
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
                } catch (ExecutionException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException("An error occurred while executing doInBackground()",
                            e.getCause());
                } catch (CancellationException e) {
                	// 3.3 执行异常，发送未被调用的任务的 null。
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
                }
            }
        };
    }

    private void postResultIfNotInvoked(Result result) {
        final boolean wasTaskInvoked = mTaskInvoked.get();
        if (!wasTaskInvoked) {
            postResult(result);
        }
    }

    private Result postResult(Result result) {
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        Message message = getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
                new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result));
        message.sendToTarget();
        return result;
    }

    public final Status getStatus() {
        return mStatus;
    }

    @WorkerThread
    protected abstract Result doInBackground(Params... params);

    @MainThread
    protected void onPreExecute() {
    }
    
    @MainThread
    protected void onPostExecute(Result result) {
    }

    // 调用 publishProgress 方法执行。
    @MainThread
    protected void onProgressUpdate(Progress... values) {
    }

    @MainThread
    protected void onCancelled(Result result) {
        onCancelled();
    }    
    
    @MainThread
    protected void onCancelled() {
    }

    public final boolean isCancelled() {
        return mCancelled.get();
    }

	// 设置为取消状态，取消任务执行。onCancelled 方法将被调用。
    public final boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning) {
        mCancelled.set(true);
        return mFuture.cancel(mayInterruptIfRunning);
    }

    public final Result get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
        return mFuture.get();
    }

    public final Result get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException,
            ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
        return mFuture.get(timeout, unit);
    }

   // 执行异步任务。
    @MainThread
    public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {
        return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
    }

    @MainThread
    public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
            Params... params) {
        // 1.AsyncTask 重复执行将抛出异常。
        if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
            switch (mStatus) {
                case RUNNING:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task is already running.");
                case FINISHED:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task has already been executed "
                            + "(a task can be executed only once)");
            }
        }
		// 2.AsyncTask 设置为 RUNNING 状态。
        mStatus = Status.RUNNING;
		// 3.主线程初始化工作。
        onPreExecute();
		// 4.传入参数给工作线程。
        mWorker.mParams = params;
        // 5.SERIAL_EXECUTOR 执行任务。
        exec.execute(mFuture);

        return this;
    }

    @MainThread
    public static void execute(Runnable runnable) {
        sDefaultExecutor.execute(runnable);
    }

    // 调用 publishProgress，执行 onProgressUpdate。
    @WorkerThread
    protected final void publishProgress(Progress... values) {
        if (!isCancelled()) {
            getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS,
                    new AsyncTaskResult<Progress>(this, values)).sendToTarget();
        }
    }

    private void finish(Result result) {
        if (isCancelled()) {
            onCancelled(result);
        } else {
            onPostExecute(result);
        }
        mStatus = Status.FINISHED;
    }

	// InternalHandler 消息传递
    private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
        public InternalHandler(Looper looper) {
            super(looper);
        }

        @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            AsyncTaskResult<?> result = (AsyncTaskResult<?>) msg.obj;
            switch (msg.what) {
                case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
                    // There is only one result
                    result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
                    result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
                    break;
            }
        }
    }

    private static abstract class WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> implements Callable<Result> {
        Params[] mParams;
    }

    @SuppressWarnings({"RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
    private static class AsyncTaskResult<Data> {
        final AsyncTask mTask;
        final Data[] mData;

        AsyncTaskResult(AsyncTask task, Data... data) {
            mTask = task;
            mData = data;
        }
    }
}