Windows Program-计时器

最新推荐文章于 2020-09-25 20:29:58 发布

Red fog

最新推荐文章于 2020-09-25 20:29:58 发布

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分类专栏： Windows Program

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/BooleanWater/article/details/105893387

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第8章计时器

1.计时器使用方法一：

#define TIMER_SEC 1
SetTimer(hwnd,TIMER_SEC,uiMsecInterval,NULL);
KillTimer(hwnd,TIMER_SEC);

2.计时器使用方法二：

/*
 *回调函数TimerProc传入的参数：hwnd为SetTimer时的hwnd；message始终为WM_TIMER；
 *dwTime是从GetTickCount()函数返回的值。
 */
VOID CALLBACK TimerProc(HWND hwnd,UINT message,UINT iTimerID,DWORD dwTime);
SetTimer(hwnd,TIMER_SEC,iMsecInterval,TimerProc);

3.计时器使用方法三：

/*
 *SetTimer和KillTimer的hwnd为NULL，KillTimer的第二个参数为SetTimer的返回值
 */
iTimerID=SetTimer(NULL,0,wMsecInterval,NULL);
KillTimer(NULL,iTimerID);

4.提示音的使用

MessageBeep(-1);

5.获得一个窗口的父窗口的句柄

hwndParent=GetParent(hwnd);

6.获得一个窗口的实例句柄

HINSTANCE hInst=GetWindowLong(hwnd,GWL_HINSTANCE);

第9章子窗口控件

1.创建子窗口控件

#include <windows.h>
struct {
	int iStyle;
	TCHAR *szText;
}button[] = {
	BS_PUSHBUTTON,TEXT("PUSHBUTTON"),
	BS_DEFPUSHBUTTON,TEXT("DEFPUSHBUTTON"),
	BS_CHECKBOX,TEXT("CHECKBOX"),
	BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,TEXT("AUTOCHECKBOX"),
	BS_RADIOBUTTON,TEXT("RADIOBUTTON"),
	BS_3STATE,TEXT("3STATE"),
	BS_AUTO3STATE,TEXT("AUTO3STATE"),
	BS_GROUPBOX,TEXT("GROUPBOX"),
	BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,TEXT("AUTORADIO"),
	BS_OWNERDRAW,TEXT("OWNERDRAW")
};
#define NUM (sizeof button/sizeof button[0])

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
	PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
	static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT("BtnLook");
	HWND         hwnd;
	MSG          msg;
	WNDCLASS     wndclass;

	wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
	wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
	wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
	wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
	wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;
	wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
	wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
	//wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
	wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_BTNFACE + 1);//将客户区的背景设为和按键背景的系统色同样的颜色
	wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
	wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName;

	if (!RegisterClass(&wndclass))
	{
		MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("Program requires Windows NT!"),
			szAppName, MB_ICONERROR);
		return 0;
	}

	hwnd = CreateWindow(szAppName, TEXT("Button Look"),
		WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
		CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
		CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
		NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);

	ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow);
	UpdateWindow(hwnd);

	while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
	{
		TranslateMessage(&msg);
		DispatchMessage(&msg);
	}
	return msg.wParam;
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
	static HWND hwndButton[NUM];
	static RECT rect;
	static TCHAR  szTop[] = TEXT("message            wParam       lParam"),
		szUnd[] = TEXT("_______            ______       ______"),
		szFormat[] = TEXT("%-16s%04X-%04X    %04X-%04X"),
		szBuffer[50];
	static int cxChar, cyChar;
	HDC hdc;
	PAINTSTRUCT ps;
	int i;

	switch (message)
	{
	case WM_CREATE:
		cxChar = LOWORD(GetDialogBaseUnits());
		cyChar = HIWORD(GetDialogBaseUnits());

		for (i = 0;i < NUM;i++)
		{
			/*
			*子控件的创建：
			*从左到右的参数说明：类名，窗口文本，窗口样式，x坐标，y坐标，宽度，高度，父窗口，子窗口ID，案例句柄，额外参数。
			*子窗口ID的位置原本是用于指定该程序的菜单的，所有它必须转换成HMENU类型；
			*在WM_CREATE消息里lParam实际上是一个指向CREATESTRUCT结构的指针，hInstance则是这个结构的一个成员。因此，我们把lParam
			*转换为一个指向CREATESTRUCT结构的指针，并从中获得hInstance句柄。
			*/
			hwndButton[i] = CreateWindow(TEXT("button"), button[i].szText,
				WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | button[i].iStyle,
				cxChar, cyChar*(1 + 2 * i),
				20 * cxChar, 7 * cyChar / 4,
				hwnd, (HMENU)i,
				((LPCREATESTRUCT)lParam)->hInstance, NULL);
		}
		return 0;
	case WM_SIZE:
		rect.left = 24 * cxChar;
		rect.top = 2 * cyChar;
		rect.right = LOWORD(lParam);
		rect.bottom = HIWORD(lParam);
		return 0;
	case WM_PAINT:
		InvalidateRect(hwnd, &rect, TRUE);

		hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
		SelectObject(hdc, GetStockObject(SYSTEM_FIXED_FONT));
		SetBkMode(hdc, TRANSPARENT);
		TextOut(hdc, 24 * cxChar, cyChar, szTop, lstrlen(szTop));
		TextOut(hdc, 24 * cxChar, cyChar, szUnd, lstrlen(szUnd));
		EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
		return 0;
	case WM_DRAWITEM:
	case WM_COMMAND:
		ScrollWindow(hwnd, 0, -cyChar, &rect, &rect);

		hdc = GetDC(hwnd);
		SelectObject(hdc, GetStockObject(SYSTEM_FIXED_FONT));
		SetBkColor(hdc, GetSysColor(COLOR_BTNFACE));//设置客户区的文本背景颜色为按钮背景的系统色
		SetTextColor(hdc, GetSysColor(COLOR_WINDOWTEXT));//设置客户区的文本颜色为系统色
		TextOut(hdc, 24 * cxChar, cyChar*(rect.bottom / cyChar - 1), szBuffer, wsprintf(szBuffer, szFormat,
			message == WM_DRAWITEM ? TEXT("WM_DRAWITEM") : TEXT("WM_COMMAND"), HIWORD(wParam), LOWORD(wParam), HIWORD(lParam), LOWORD(lParam)));
		ReleaseDC(hwnd, hdc);
		ValidateRect(hwnd, &rect);

		if (LOWORD(wParam) == 2)
		{
			SendMessage((HWND)lParam, BM_SETCHECK, (WPARAM)!SendMessage((HWND)lParam, BM_GETCHECK, 0, 0), 0);
		}
		if (GetWindowLong((HWND)lParam, GWL_ID) == 4)
		{
			SendMessage((HWND)lParam, BM_SETCHECK, 1, 0);
			SendMessage(GetDlgItem(hwnd, 8), BM_SETCHECK, 0, 0);
		}
		if (GetDlgCtrlID((HWND)lParam) == 8)
		{
			SendMessage((HWND)lParam, BM_SETCHECK, 1, 0);
			SendMessage(GetDlgItem(hwnd, 4), BM_SETCHECK, 0, 0);
		}
		if (LOWORD(wParam) == 5)
		{
			SendMessage((HWND)lParam, BM_SETCHECK, (WPARAM)((SendMessage((HWND)lParam, BM_GETCHECK, 0, 0) + 1) % 3), 0);
		}
		break;
	case WM_DESTROY:
		PostQuitMessage(0);
		return 0;
	}
	return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}

2.获取字符的默认字体的宽度和高度

/*
GetDialogBaseUnits和GetTextMetrics返回类似的数据，但是GetDialogBaseUnits更易于使用，它更利于保持与对话框中的控件的更多的一致性。
*/
cxChar = LOWORD(GetDialogBaseUnits());
cyChar = HIWORD(GetDialogBaseUnits());

3.子窗口传递信息给父窗口WM_COMMAND

LOWORD(wParam)//子窗口的ID
HIWORD(wParam)//通知码
lParam//子窗口句柄

通知码:	值
BN_CLICKED	0
BN_PAINT	1
BN_HILITE或BN_PUSHED	2
BN_UNHILITE或BN_UNPUSHED	3
BN_DISABLE	4
BN_DOUBLECLICKED或BN_DBLCLK	5
BN_SETFOCUS	6
BN_KILLFOCUS	7

4.按钮消息

按钮消息	值
BM_GETCHECK	0x00F0
BM_SETCHECK	0x00F1
BM_GETSTATE	0x00F2
BM_SETSTATE	0x00F3
BM_SETSTYLE	0x00F4
BM_CLICK	0x00F5
BM_GETIMAGE	0x00F6
BM_SETIMAGE	0x00F7

SendMessage(hwndButton,BM_SETSTATE,1,0);//设置按钮按下状态
SendMessage(hwndButton,BM_SETSTATE,0,0);//设置按钮正常状态

5.获取子窗口的ID和句柄

id=GetWindowLong(hwndChild,GWL_ID);
id=GetDlgCtrlID(hwndChild);
hwndChild=GetDlgItem(hwndParent,id);

6.改变窗口的文本

SetWindowText(hwnd,pszString);
iLength=GetWindowTextLength(hwnd);
iLength=GetWindowText(hwnd,pszBuffer,iMaxLength);

7.可见的按钮和启用按钮

要接收鼠标和键盘输入，子窗口必须是可见的并且是启用的。如果在创建子窗口时在窗口类中没有包括WS_VISIBLE，子窗口将不会显示，除非调用ShowWindow:
ShowWindow(hwndChild,SW_SHOWNORMAL);//正常显示窗口
ShowWindow(hwndChild,SW_HIDE);//隐藏窗口
IsWindowVisible(hwndChild);//判断窗口是否可见

禁用窗口:
EnableWindow(hwndChild,FALSE);//禁用窗口
EnavleWindow(hwndChild,TRUE);//启用窗口
IsWindowEnable(hwndChild);//判断窗口是否已被启用

8.按钮的输入焦点

在Windows把输入焦点从一个窗口切换到另一个窗口时，它首先会向将要失去输入焦点的窗口发送一条消息WM_KILLFOCUS。相应的wParam参数是将要获得输入焦点的窗口句柄。Windows然后向要接收输入焦点的窗口发送WM_SETFOCUS消息，用wParam指定失去输入焦点的窗口的句柄。（在这两种情况下，wParam都可能是NULL，表明没有窗口具有或正在接收输入焦点）。
SetFocus(hwnd);//调用此函数才能把具体的焦点设置到相应的窗口，调用了SetFocus函数后会发相应，的WM_KILLFOCUS和WM_SETFOCUS消息，注意并没有KillFocus(hwnd)这样的函数。

父窗口可以通过对WM_KILLFOCUS消息的处理来阻止子窗口控件获得输入焦点，在父窗口的消息处理过程函数，处理WM_KILLFOCUS函数：

case WM_KILLFOCUS:
	if(hwnd==GetParent((HWND)wParam)
	{
		SetFocus(hwnd);
	}
	return 0;

9.控件和颜色

Windows有29种系统颜色来支持各部分的显示

序号	GetSysColor和SetSysColors	注册表键值或WIN.INI标识符	默认RGB值
0	COLOR_SCROLLBAR	Scrollbar	C0-C0-C0
1	COLOR_BACKGROUND	Background	00-80-80
…	…	…	…
28	COLOR_GRADIENTINACTIVECAPTION	GradientInactiveTitle	80-80-80

10.当按钮的背景颜色和客户区的背景颜色不一样时候的解决办法

COLOR_BTNFACE用于按键按钮的主表面颜色和其他按钮的背景颜色。（这也是对话框和消息框使用的系统颜色。）COLOR_BTNSHADOW用在按键按钮的右侧和底部、复选框方块的内部和单选按钮的圆圈内，用来表示阴影。对于按键按钮，COLOR_BTNTEXT用于文本的颜色；其他控件的文本颜色使用的则是COLOR_WINDOWTEXT。
因此，如果我们要在客户区表面显示按钮，一个避免颜色冲突的途径就是使用这些系统颜色。

首先，在设计窗口类时，使用COLOR_BTNFACE作为客户区的背景颜色：
改 wndclass.hbrBackground=(HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH); 为
/*
在Windows中，在WNDCLASS结构中hbrBackground值很低时，它实际上指的是系统颜色，而不是一个实际的句柄。Windows要求在使用这些标识符时，要加上1，并在WNDCLASS结构的hbrBackground字段中加以指定，但这样做并没有什么深远的目的，只是为了防止出现空值（NULL）。
*/
wndclass.hbrBackground=(HBRUSH)(COLOR_BTNFACE+1);
再次输出文字时不要忘记改变文字的背景色和客户区的背景色一样:
SetBkColor(hdc, GetSysColor(COLOR_BTNFACE));//设置客户区的文本背景颜色为按钮背景的系统色;
SetTextColor(hdc, GetSysColor(COLOR_WINDOWTEXT));//设置客户区的文本颜色为系统色;
最后当用户改变了系统颜色可以通过处理WM_SYSCOLORCHANGE消息：

case WM_SYSCOLORCHANGE:
	InvalidateRect(hwnd,NULL,TRUE);
	break;

11.当子窗口即将重绘其客户区时，按钮控件会发WM_CTLCOLORBTN给父窗口的窗口过程。父窗口可以利用这个机会来改

变子窗口的背景颜色。当父窗口的窗口过程收到WM_CTLCOLORBTN消息时，wParam消息参数是按钮的设备环境的句柄，lParam是按钮的窗口句柄。当在窗口过程中处理WM_CTLCOLORBTN消息时，可以选择以下做法：

使用SetTextColor设置文本颜色
使用SetBkColot设置文本的背景颜色
返回子窗口的画刷句柄

从理论上讲，子窗口使用这个画刷来着色背景。在不再需要画刷时，你需要负责销毁画刷。

#include <windows.h>

#define ID_SMALLER	1
#define ID_LARGER	2
#define BTN_WIDTH	(8*cxChar)
#define BTN_HEIGHT	(4*cyChar)

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

HINSTANCE hInst;
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
	PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
	static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT("OwnDraw");
	HWND         hwnd;
	MSG          msg;
	WNDCLASS     wndclass;
	hInst = hInstance;

	wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
	wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
	wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
	wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
	wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;
	wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
	wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
	wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
	wndclass.lpszMenuName = szAppName;
	wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName;

	if (!RegisterClass(&wndclass))
	{
		MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("Program requires Windows NT!"),
			szAppName, MB_ICONERROR);
		return 0;
	}

	hwnd = CreateWindow(szAppName, TEXT("Owner-Draw Button Demo"),
		WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
		CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
		CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
		NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);

	ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow);
	UpdateWindow(hwnd);

	while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
	{
		TranslateMessage(&msg);
		DispatchMessage(&msg);
	}
	return msg.wParam;
}

void Triangle(HDC hdc, POINT pt[])
{
	SelectObject(hdc, GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH));
	Polygon(hdc, pt, 3);
	SelectObject(hdc, GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH));
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
	static HWND hwndSmaller, hwndLarger;
	static int cxClient, cyClient, cxChar, cyChar;
	int cx, cy;
	LPDRAWITEMSTRUCT pdis;
	POINT pt[3];
	RECT rc;
	switch (message)
	{
	case WM_CREATE:
		cxChar = LOWORD(GetDialogBaseUnits());
		cyChar = HIWORD(GetDialogBaseUnits());
		
		hwndSmaller = CreateWindow(TEXT("button"), TEXT(""),
			WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_OWNERDRAW,
			0, 0, BTN_WIDTH, BTN_HEIGHT,
			hwnd, (HMENU)ID_SMALLER, hInst, NULL);

		hwndLarger = CreateWindow(TEXT("button"), TEXT(""),
			WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_OWNERDRAW,
			0, 0, BTN_WIDTH, BTN_HEIGHT,
			hwnd, (HMENU)ID_LARGER, hInst, NULL);
	
		return 0;
	case WM_SIZE:
		cxClient = LOWORD(lParam);
		cyClient = HIWORD(lParam);
		
		MoveWindow(hwndSmaller, cxClient / 2 - 3 * BTN_WIDTH / 2, cyClient / 2 - BTN_HEIGHT / 2, BTN_WIDTH, BTN_HEIGHT, TRUE);
		MoveWindow(hwndLarger, cxClient / 2 + BTN_WIDTH / 2, cyClient / 2 - BTN_HEIGHT / 2, BTN_WIDTH, BTN_HEIGHT, TRUE);
		return 0;
	case WM_COMMAND:
		GetWindowRect(hwnd, &rc);
		switch (wParam)
		{
		case ID_SMALLER:
			rc.left += cxClient / 20;
			rc.right -= cxClient / 20;
			rc.top += cyClient / 20;
			rc.bottom -= cyClient / 20;
			break;
		case ID_LARGER:
			rc.left -= cxClient / 20;
			rc.right += cxClient / 20;
			rc.top -= cyClient / 20;
			rc.bottom += cyClient / 20;
			break;
		}
		MoveWindow(hwnd, rc.left, rc.top, rc.right - rc.left, rc.bottom - rc.top, TRUE);
		return 0;
	case WM_DRAWITEM:
		pdis = (LPDRAWITEMSTRUCT)lParam;
		FillRect(pdis->hDC, &pdis->rcItem, (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH));
		FrameRect(pdis->hDC, &pdis->rcItem, (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH));
		cx = pdis->rcItem.right - pdis->rcItem.left;
		cy = pdis->rcItem.bottom - pdis->rcItem.top;

		switch (pdis->CtlID)
		{
		case ID_SMALLER:
			pt[0].x = 3 * cx / 8;pt[0].y = 1 * cy / 8;
			pt[1].x = 5 * cx / 8;pt[1].y = 1 * cy / 8;
			pt[2].x = 4 * cx / 8;pt[2].y = 3 * cy / 8;
			Triangle(pdis->hDC, pt);

			pt[0].x = 7 * cx / 8;pt[0].y = 3 * cy / 8;
			pt[1].x = 7 * cx / 8;pt[1].y = 5 * cy / 8;
			pt[2].x = 5 * cx / 8;pt[2].y = 4 * cy / 8;
			Triangle(pdis->hDC, pt);

			pt[0].x = 5 * cx / 8;pt[0].y = 7 * cy / 8;
			pt[1].x = 3 * cx / 8;pt[1].y = 7 * cy / 8;
			pt[2].x = 4 * cx / 8;pt[2].y = 5 * cy / 8;
			Triangle(pdis->hDC, pt);

			pt[0].x = 1 * cx / 8;pt[0].y = 5 * cy / 8;
			pt[1].x = 1 * cx / 8;pt[1].y = 3 * cy / 8;
			pt[2].x = 3 * cx / 8;pt[2].y = 4 * cy / 8;
			Triangle(pdis->hDC, pt);
			break;
		case ID_LARGER:
			pt[0].x = 5 * cx / 8;pt[0].y = 3 * cy / 8;
			pt[1].x = 3 * cx / 8;pt[1].y = 3 * cy / 8;
			pt[2].x = 4 * cx / 8;pt[2].y = 1 * cy / 8;
			Triangle(pdis->hDC, pt);

			pt[0].x = 5 * cx / 8;pt[0].y = 5 * cy / 8;
			pt[1].x = 5 * cx / 8;pt[1].y = 3 * cy / 8;
			pt[2].x = 7 * cx / 8;pt[2].y = 4 * cy / 8;
			Triangle(pdis->hDC, pt);

			pt[0].x = 3 * cx / 8;pt[0].y = 5 * cy / 8;
			pt[1].x = 5 * cx / 8;pt[1].y = 5 * cy / 8;
			pt[2].x = 4 * cx / 8;pt[2].y = 7 * cy / 8;
			Triangle(pdis->hDC, pt);

			pt[0].x = 3 * cx / 8;pt[0].y = 3 * cy / 8;
			pt[1].x = 3 * cx / 8;pt[1].y = 5 * cy / 8;
			pt[2].x = 1 * cx / 8;pt[2].y = 4 * cy / 8;
			Triangle(pdis->hDC, pt);
			break;
		}
		if (pdis->itemState&ODS_SELECTED)
		{
			InvertRect(pdis->hDC, &pdis->rcItem);
		}
		if (pdis->itemState&ODS_FOCUS)
		{
			pdis->rcItem.left += cx / 16;
			pdis->rcItem.top += cy / 16;
			pdis->rcItem.right -= cx / 16;
			pdis->rcItem.bottom -= cy / 16;

			DrawFocusRect(pdis->hDC, &pdis->rcItem);
		}
		return 0;
	case WM_DESTROY:
		PostQuitMessage(0);
		return 0;
	}
	return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}

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Windows Program-计时器

第8章计时器1.计时器使用方法一：#define TIMER_SEC 1SetTimer(hwnd,TIMER_SEC,uiMsecInterval,NULL);KillTimer(hwnd,TIMER_SEC);2.计时器使用方法二：/* *回调函数TimerProc传入的参数：hwnd为SetTimer时的hwnd；message始终为WM_TIMER； *dwTime是从G...
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