题目描述:
Design a data structure that supports all following operations in average O(1) time.
Note: Duplicate elements are allowed.
insert(val): Inserts an item val to the collection.
remove(val): Removes an item val from the collection if present.
getRandom: Returns a random element from current collection of elements. The probability of each element being returned is linearly related to the number of same value the collection contains.
Example:
// Init an empty collection.
RandomizedCollection collection = new RandomizedCollection();
// Inserts 1 to the collection. Returns true as the collection did not contain 1.
collection.insert(1);
// Inserts another 1 to the collection. Returns false as the collection contained 1. Collection now contains [1,1].
collection.insert(1);
// Inserts 2 to the collection, returns true. Collection now contains [1,1,2].
collection.insert(2);
// getRandom should return 1 with the probability 2/3, and returns 2 with the probability 1/3.
collection.getRandom();
// Removes 1 from the collection, returns true. Collection now contains [1,2].
collection.remove(1);
// getRandom should return 1 and 2 both equally likely.
collection.getRandom();
简单说就是构造一个数据结构,能够插入,删除以及getrandom。允许重复的值,但都是integer。
难处就在于有O(1)复杂度的限制,因此用HashMap/HashSet.
note: hashMap 的平均复杂度是O(1),记住就好
所以解题思路大致是:一个HashMap(Integer, HashSet(Integer)) h1用来保存 value
一个HashMap(Integer, HashSet(Integer)) h1用来保存 value以及其对应的key值的set,再用另一 HashMap(Integer,Integer) h2来保存key值与value的mapping关系。
insert的想法很简单,插入一个的时候就在h1 中value对应的set中添加key值, h2中直接一个一个添加key-value对。
remove的想法是:h1中从val对应的key set中任意选一个key删除, h2中将此key对应的value与h2末尾的value调换,并对应更新h1,删除h2末尾,删除h1相应的set中的key。
我觉得h2这么做的原因是为了getrandom时候可以直接random*h2.size()得到randomly,减少复杂度
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
public class RandomizedCollection {
HashMap<Integer,Integer> h2;
HashMap<Integer,HashSet<Integer>>h1;
public RandomizedCollection() {
h1=new HashMap<Integer,HashSet<Integer>>();
h2=new HashMap<Integer,Integer>();
}
/** Inserts a value to the collection. Returns true if the collection did not already contain the specified element. */
public boolean insert(int val) {
boolean contain=true;
// System.out.println(h1.size()+",,,"+h2.size());
if(h1.containsKey(val)){
HashSet s=h1.get(val);
s.add(h2.size());
contain=false;}
else{ contain=true;
HashSet s=new HashSet();
s.add(h2.size());
h1.put(val, s);
}
h2.put(h2.size(), val);
return contain;
}
/** Removes a value from the collection. Returns true if the collection contained the specified element. */
public boolean remove(int val) {
boolean contain=false;
if(h1.containsKey(val)){
contain=true;
Iterator<Integer> keyIter=h1.get(val).iterator();
int key=keyIter.next();
// System.out.println("start Val:"+val);
HashSet<Integer>s=h1.get(val);
// System.out.println("start h2(key)"+h2.get(key));
if (s.size()-1==0){
// 560503203817
// System.out.println("val:"+val);
int lastVal=h2.get(h2.size()-1);
// System.out.println("lastVal:"+lastVal);
// System.out.println(val!=lastVal);
if(val!=lastVal){
HashSet<Integer> s2=h1.get(lastVal);
s2.remove(h2.size()-1);
s2.add(key);
h2.put(key, lastVal);}
h1.remove(val);
h2.remove(h2.size()-1);
}
else {
if(key==h2.size()-1){
s.remove(key);
//
h2.remove(h2.size()-1);}
else{
int lastVal=h2.get(h2.size()-1);
if(val==lastVal){
s.remove(h2.size()-1);
h2.remove(h2.size()-1);
}
else{
s.remove(key);
HashSet<Integer>s2=h1.get(lastVal);
s2.add(key);
s2.remove(h2.size()-1);
h2.put(key, lastVal);
h2.remove(h2.size()-1);}
}}
}
return contain;
}
/** Get a random element from the collection. */
public int getRandom() {
if (h2.size()==0)return 0;
int rand=(int)(Math.random()*(h2.size()));
// System.out.println(rand);
return h2.get(rand);
}
}