如何在Python中“测试” NoneType？

本文翻译自：How to “test” NoneType in python?

I have a method that sometimes returns a NoneType value. 我有一个有时返回NoneType值的方法。 So how can I question a variable that is a NoneType? 那么我如何质疑一个无类型的变量呢？ I need to use if method, for example 例如，我需要使用if方法

if not new:
    new = '#'

I know that is the wrong way and I hope you understand what I meant. 我知道这是错误的方式，希望您能理解我的意思。

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#1楼

参考：https://stackoom.com/question/1Yrp1/如何在Python中-测试-NoneType

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#2楼

So how can I question a variable that is a NoneType? 那么我如何质疑一个无类型的变量呢？

Use is operator, like this 使用is运算符，像这样

if variable is None:

Why this works? 为什么这样有效？

Since None is the sole singleton object of NoneType in Python, we can use is operator to check if a variable has None in it or not. 由于None是Python中NoneType的唯一单例对象， NoneType我们可以使用is运算符检查变量中是否包含None 。

Quoting from is docs , 从报价is文档 ，

The operators is and is not test for object identity: x is y is true if and only if x and y are the same object. 运营商is和is not测试对象的身份： x is y为真，当且仅当x和y是同一个对象。 x is not y yields the inverse truth value. x is not y产生反真值。

Since there can be only one instance of None , is would be the preferred way to check None . 由于只能有一个None实例， is检查None是首选方法。

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Hear it from the horse's mouth 从马口中听到

Quoting Python's Coding Style Guidelines - PEP-008 (jointly defined by Guido himself), 引用Python的编码样式指南-PEP-008 （由Guido亲自定义），

Comparisons to singletons like None should always be done with is or is not , never the equality operators . 与单例的比较（如None应该总是用is or is not ， 永远不要用等于运算符 。

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#3楼

if variable is None:
   ...

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if variable is not None:
   ...

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#4楼

It can also be done with isinstance as per Alex Hall's answer : 也可以按照Alex Hall的回答通过isinstance完成：

>>> NoneType = type(None)
>>> x = None
>>> type(x) == NoneType
True
>>> isinstance(x, NoneType)
True

isinstance is also intuitive but there is the complication that it requires the line isinstance也很直观，但有一个复杂之处，就是它需要一行

NoneType = type(None)

which isn't needed for types like int and float . 对于int和float这样的类型则不需要。

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#5楼

As pointed out by Aaron Hall's comment: 正如亚伦·霍尔的评论所指出的那样：

Since you can't subclass NoneType and since None is a singleton, isinstance should not be used to detect None - instead you should do as the accepted answer says, and use is None or is not None . 由于您不能将NoneType子类NoneType并且None是单例，因此不应使用isinstance来检测None ，而应按照已接受的答案进行操作，并且use is None或is not None 。

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Original Answer: 原始答案：

The simplest way however, without the extra line in addition to cardamom's answer is probably: 但是，最简单的方法，除了豆蔻果实的答案之外，没有多余的内容可能是：
isinstance(x, type(None))

So how can I question a variable that is a NoneType? 那么我如何质疑一个无类型的变量呢？ I need to use if method 我需要使用if方法

Using isinstance() does not require an is within the if -statement: 使用isinstance()不需要is该范围内if语句来：

if isinstance(x, type(None)): 
    #do stuff

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Additional information 附加信息
You can also check for multiple types in one isinstance() statement as mentioned in the documentation . 您还可以按照文档中所述在一个isinstance()语句中检查多种类型。 Just write the types as a tuple. 只需将类型写为元组即可。

isinstance(x, (type(None), bytes))

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#6楼

Python 2.7 : Python 2.7：

x = None
isinstance(x, type(None))

or 要么

isinstance(None, type(None))

==> True ==>正确