如何检查是否在Cygwin，Mac或Linux中运行？

本文翻译自：How to check if running in Cygwin, Mac or Linux?

I have a shell script that is used both on Windows/Cygwin and Mac and Linux. 我有一个shell脚本，可以在Windows / Cygwin，Mac和Linux上使用。 It needs slightly different variables for each versions. 每个版本需要稍微不同的变量。

How can a shell/bash script detect whether it is running in Cygwin, on a Mac or in Linux? shell / bash脚本如何检测它是在Cygwin，Mac或Linux上运行？

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#1楼

参考：https://stackoom.com/question/exHU/如何检查是否在Cygwin-Mac或Linux中运行

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#2楼

# This script fragment emits Cygwin rulez under bash/cygwin
if [[ $(uname -s) == CYGWIN* ]];then
    echo Cygwin rulez
else 
    echo Unix is king
fi

If the 6 first chars of uname -s command is "CYGWIN", a cygwin system is assumed 如果uname -s命令的6个第一个字符是“CYGWIN”，则假定为cygwin系统

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#3楼

Here is the bash script I used to detect three different OS type (GNU/Linux, Mac OS X, Windows NT) 这是我用来检测三种不同操作系统类型的bash脚本（GNU / Linux，Mac OS X，Windows NT）

Pay attention 请注意

• In your bash script, use #!/usr/bin/env bash instead of #!/bin/sh to prevent the problem caused by /bin/sh linked to different default shell in different platforms, or there will be error like unexpected operator , that's what happened on my computer (Ubuntu 64 bits 12.04). 在你的bash脚本，使用#!/usr/bin/env bash ，而不是#!/bin/sh ，以防止因问题/bin/sh像意外操作连接到不同的默认外壳在不同的平台上，否则会有错误，这就是我的电脑上发生的事情（Ubuntu 64 bit 12.04）。
• Mac OS X 10.6.8 (Snow Leopard) do not have expr program unless you install it, so I just use uname . 除非你安装了Mac OS X 10.6.8（Snow Leopard）没有expr程序，所以我只使用uname 。

Design 设计

1. Use uname to get the system information ( -s parameter). 使用uname获取系统信息（ -s参数）。
2. Use expr and substr to deal with the string. 使用expr和substr来处理字符串。
3. Use if elif fi to do the matching job. 使用if elif fi来完成匹配的工作。
4. You can add more system support if you want, just follow the uname -s specification. 如果需要，可以添加更多系统支持，只需遵循uname -s规范即可。

Implementation 履行

#!/usr/bin/env bash

if [ "$(uname)" == "Darwin" ]; then
    # Do something under Mac OS X platform        
elif [ "$(expr substr $(uname -s) 1 5)" == "Linux" ]; then
    # Do something under GNU/Linux platform
elif [ "$(expr substr $(uname -s) 1 10)" == "MINGW32_NT" ]; then
    # Do something under 32 bits Windows NT platform
elif [ "$(expr substr $(uname -s) 1 10)" == "MINGW64_NT" ]; then
    # Do something under 64 bits Windows NT platform
fi

Testing 测试

• Linux (Ubuntu 12.04 LTS, Kernel 3.2.0) tested OK. Linux（Ubuntu 12.04 LTS，内核3.2.0）测试好了。
• OS X (10.6.8 Snow Leopard) tested OK. OS X（10.6.8 Snow Leopard）测试好了。
• Windows (Windows 7 64 bit) tested OK. Windows（Windows 7 64位）测试正常。

What I learned 我学到的是

1. Check for both opening and closing quotes. 检查开盘价和收盘价。
2. Check for missing parentheses and braces {} 检查是否缺少括号和括号{}

References 参考

• [1] uname - wikipedia [1] uname - 维基百科
• [2] shell script syntax error: unexpected end of file [2] shell脚本语法错误：意外的文件结束
• [3] Detect the OS from a Bash script [3] 从Bash脚本中检测操作系统
• [4] BASH Programming Introduction HOW-TO [4] BASH编程介绍如何操作

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#4楼

To build upon Albert's answer, I like to use $COMSPEC for detecting Windows: 为了建立Albert的答案，我喜欢用$COMSPEC来检测Windows：

#!/bin/bash

if [ "$(uname)" == "Darwin" ]
then
 echo Do something under Mac OS X platform
elif [ "$(expr substr $(uname -s) 1 5)" == "Linux" ]
then
  echo Do something under Linux platform
elif [ -n "$COMSPEC" -a -x "$COMSPEC" ]
then 
  echo $0: this script does not support Windows \:\(
fi

This avoids parsing variants of Windows names for $OS , and parsing variants of uname like MINGW, Cygwin, etc. 这样可以避免为$OS解析Windows名称的变体，并解析像MINGW，Cygwin等的uname变体。

Background: %COMSPEC% is a Windows environmental variable specifying the full path to the command processor (aka the Windows shell). 背景： %COMSPEC%是Windows环境变量，指定命令处理器（也称为Windows shell）的完整路径。 The value of this variable is typically %SystemRoot%\\system32\\cmd.exe , which typically evaluates to C:\\Windows\\system32\\cmd.exe . 此变量的值通常为%SystemRoot%\\system32\\cmd.exe ，通常计算结果为C:\\Windows\\system32\\cmd.exe 。

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#5楼

Use only this from command line works very fine, thanks to Justin: 感谢Justin，只使用命令行中的这个工作非常好

#!/bin/bash

################################################## #########
# Bash script to find which OS
################################################## #########

OS=`uname`
echo "$OS"

source 资源

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#6楼

Use uname -s ( --kernel-name ) because uname -o ( --operating-system ) is not supported on some Operating Systems as Mac OS , Solaris . 使用uname -s （ - --kernel-name ），因为某些操作系统不支持uname -o （ - --operating-system ）作为Mac OS ， Solaris 。 You may also use just uname without argument as the default argument is -s ( --kernel-name ). 您也可以只使用uname而不使用参数，因为默认参数是-s （ - --kernel-name ）。

The below snippet does not require bash (ie does not require #!/bin/bash ) 下面的代码片段不需要bash （即不需要#!/bin/bash ）

#!/bin/sh

case "$(uname -s)" in

   Darwin)
     echo 'Mac OS X'
     ;;

   Linux)
     echo 'Linux'
     ;;

   CYGWIN*|MINGW32*|MSYS*)
     echo 'MS Windows'
     ;;

   # Add here more strings to compare
   # See correspondence table at the bottom of this answer

   *)
     echo 'other OS' 
     ;;
esac

The below Makefile is inspired from Git project ( config.mak.uname ) . 下面的Makefile灵感来自Git项目（ config.mak.uname ） 。

ifdef MSVC     # Avoid the MingW/Cygwin sections
    uname_S := Windows
else                          # If uname not available => 'not' 
    uname_S := $(shell sh -c 'uname -s 2>/dev/null || echo not')
endif

# Avoid nesting "if .. else if .. else .. endif endif"
# because maintenance of matching if/else/endif is a pain

ifeq ($(uname_S),Windows)
    CC := cl 
endif
ifeq ($(uname_S),OSF1)
    CFLAGS += -D_OSF_SOURCE
endif
ifeq ($(uname_S),Linux)
    CFLAGS += -DNDEBUG
endif
ifeq ($(uname_S),GNU/kFreeBSD)
    CFLAGS += -D_BSD_ALLOC
endif
ifeq ($(uname_S),UnixWare)
    CFLAGS += -Wextra
endif
...

See also this complete answer about uname -s and Makefile . 另请参阅有关uname -s和Makefile完整答案 。

The correspondence table in the bottom of this answer is from Wikipedia article about uname . 这个答案底部的对应表来自维基百科关于uname文章 。 Please contribute to keep it up-to-date (edit the answer or post a comment). 请提供帮助以使其保持最新（编辑答案或发表评论）。 You may also update the Wikipedia article and post a comment to notice me about your contribution ;-) 您还可以更新维基百科文章并发表评论以通知我您的贡献;-)

Operating System uname -s Operating System uname -s
Mac OS X Darwin Mac OS X Darwin
Cygwin 32-bit (Win-XP) CYGWIN_NT-5.1 Cygwin 32-bit (Win-XP) CYGWIN_NT-5.1
Cygwin 32-bit (Win-7 32-bit) CYGWIN_NT-6.1 Cygwin 32-bit (Win-7 32-bit) CYGWIN_NT-6.1
Cygwin 32-bit (Win-7 64-bit) CYGWIN_NT-6.1-WOW64 Cygwin 32-bit (Win-7 64-bit) CYGWIN_NT-6.1-WOW64
Cygwin 64-bit (Win-7 64-bit) CYGWIN_NT-6.1 Cygwin 64-bit (Win-7 64-bit) CYGWIN_NT-6.1
MinGW (Windows 7 32-bit) MINGW32_NT-6.1 MinGW (Windows 7 32-bit) MINGW32_NT-6.1
MinGW (Windows 10 64-bit) MINGW64_NT-10.0 MinGW (Windows 10 64-bit) MINGW64_NT-10.0
Interix (Services for UNIX) Interix MSYS MSYS_NT-6.1 Windows Subsystem for Linux Linux Interix (Services for UNIX) Interix MSYS MSYS_NT-6.1 Windows Subsystem for Linux Linux Windows Subsystem for Linux
Android Linux Android Linux
coreutils Linux coreutils Linux
CentOS Linux CentOS Linux
Fedora Linux Fedora Linux
Gentoo Linux Gentoo Linux
Red Hat Linux Linux Red Hat Linux Linux
Linux Mint Linux Linux Mint Linux
openSUSE Linux openSUSE Linux
Ubuntu Linux Ubuntu Linux
Unity Linux Linux Unity Linux Linux
Manjaro Linux Linux Manjaro Linux Linux
OpenWRT r40420 Linux OpenWRT r40420 Linux
Debian (Linux) Linux Debian (Linux) Linux
Debian (GNU Hurd) GNU Debian (GNU Hurd) GNU
Debian (kFreeBSD) GNU/kFreeBSD Debian (kFreeBSD) GNU/kFreeBSD
FreeBSD FreeBSD FreeBSD FreeBSD
NetBSD NetBSD NetBSD NetBSD
DragonFlyBSD DragonFly DragonFlyBSD DragonFly
Haiku Haiku Haiku Haiku
NonStop NONSTOP_KERNEL NonStop NONSTOP_KERNEL
QNX QNX QNX QNX
ReliantUNIX ReliantUNIX-Y ReliantUNIX ReliantUNIX-Y
SINIX SINIX-Y SINIX SINIX-Y
Tru64 OSF1 Tru64 OSF1
Ultrix ULTRIX Ultrix ULTRIX
IRIX 32 bits IRIX IRIX 32 bits IRIX
IRIX 64 bits IRIX64 IRIX 64 bits IRIX64
MINIX Minix MINIX Minix
Solaris SunOS Solaris SunOS
UWIN (64-bit Windows 7) UWIN-W7 UWIN (64-bit Windows 7) UWIN-W7
SYS$UNIX:SH on OpenVMS IS/WB SYS$UNIX:SH on OpenVMS IS/WB SYS$UNIX:SH on OpenVMS
z/OS USS OS/390 z/OS USS OS/390
Cray sn5176 Cray sn5176
(SCO) OpenServer SCO_SV (SCO) OpenServer SCO_SV
(SCO) System V SCO_SV (SCO) System V SCO_SV
(SCO) UnixWare UnixWare (SCO) UnixWare UnixWare
IBM AIX AIX IBM AIX AIX
IBM i with QSH OS400 IBM i with QSH OS400
HP-UX HP-UX HP-UX HP-UX