LVM管理

试验逻辑卷管理，环境redhat6.0 32bit

过程：先分区，由逻辑分区制作物理卷（pv），由两个pv创建卷组（vg），然后由卷组创建逻辑卷（lv），最后动态扩展lv，vg。

[root@localhost ~]# ls /dev/sda*	#有三个主分区
/dev/sda  /dev/sda1  /dev/sda2  /dev/sda3
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda	#先分区

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
e	#选择扩展分区
Selected partition 4
First cylinder (1593-2610, default 1593): 
Using default value 1593
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1593-2610, default 2610): 	#剩余的空间全给扩展分区，否则剩下来的就浪费了，呵呵。。
Using default value 2610

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000cf610

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          26      204800   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              26         287     2097152   82  Linux swap / Solaris
Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda3             287        1593    10485760   83  Linux
/dev/sda4            1593        2610     8176089    5  Extended

Command (m for help): n
First cylinder (1593-2610, default 1593): 
Using default value 1593
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1593-2610, default 2610): +50M	#分一个50M的逻辑分区sda5

Command (m for help): n
First cylinder (1600-2610, default 1600): 
Using default value 1600
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1600-2610, default 2610): +50M	#sda6，使用sda5，sda6创建vg

Command (m for help): n
First cylinder (1607-2610, default 1607): 
Using default value 1607
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1607-2610, default 2610): +50M	#sda7，用作扩展vg

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000cf610

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          26      204800   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              26         287     2097152   82  Linux swap / Solaris
Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda3             287        1593    10485760   83  Linux
/dev/sda4            1593        2610     8176089    5  Extended
/dev/sda5            1593        1599       55200   83  Linux
/dev/sda6            1600        1606       56196   83  Linux
/dev/sda7            1607        1613       56196   83  Linux

Command (m for help): t		#分别选择sda5,6,7的分区类型，8e是LVM类型
Partition number (1-7): 5
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 5 to 8e (Linux LVM)

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-7): 6
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 6 to 8e (Linux LVM)

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-7): 7
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 7 to 8e (Linux LVM)

Command (m for help): w		#保存退出
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 设备或资源忙.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]# ls /dev/sda*	#这时/dev/下面还没有这几个分区
/dev/sda  /dev/sda1  /dev/sda2  /dev/sda3	
[root@localhost ~]# partx -a /dev/sda	#刷新一下分区表就可以了
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 1
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 2
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 3
[root@localhost ~]# ls /dev/sda*	#现在有这几个分区了，可以创建pv了
/dev/sda   /dev/sda2  /dev/sda4  /dev/sda6
/dev/sda1  /dev/sda3  /dev/sda5  /dev/sda7
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda{5,6}	#使用sda5,6创建两个pv
  Physical volume "/dev/sda5" successfully created
  Physical volume "/dev/sda6" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate vg1 /dev/sda{5,6}		#然后创建卷组vg1
  Volume group "vg1" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay 		#可以看下卷组的信息。
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg1
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  1
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                0
  Open LV               0
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               104.00 MiB	#可以看到这个卷组是大概100M的
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              26
  Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0   
  Free  PE / Size       26 / 104.00 MiB
  VG UUID               unkxce-gUn1-pkB9-dvAe-0gMl-rg8h-C5ESMZ
   
[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 70M -n lv1 vg1		#在卷组vg1中拿出70M创建一个逻辑卷lv1
  Rounding up size to full physical extent 72.00 MiB
  Logical volume "lv1" created
[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay 		#查看一下lv1的信息
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Name                /dev/vg1/lv1
  VG Name                vg1
  LV UUID                N80PAh-gvXV-1APU-fh2u-I2g6-x4fG-5MuyA1
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                72.00 MiB	#可以看到大概为70M左右
  Current LE             18
  Segments               2
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:0
   
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg1/lv1	#格式化lv1的文件系统为ext4
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=1024 (log=0)
分块大小=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
18432 inodes, 73728 blocks
3686 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=67371008
9 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	8193, 24577, 40961, 57345

正在写入inode表: 完成                            
Creating journal (4096 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 36 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /lvm1		#创建lv1的挂载点
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/vg1/lv1 /lvm1/		#挂载
[root@localhost ~]# df -hT				#查看系统挂载情况
文件系统    类型      容量  已用  可用 已用%% 挂载点
/dev/sda3     ext4    9.9G  2.4G  7.0G  26% /
tmpfs        tmpfs    504M  424K  504M   1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1     ext4    194M   24M  161M  13% /boot
/dev/sr0   iso9660    2.8G  2.8G     0 100% /media/RHEL_6.0 i386 Disc 1
/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1
              ext4     70M  5.3M   61M   8% /lvm1	#可以看到lv1的文件系统为ext4，大小为70M
[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L +20M /dev/vg1/lv1 	#扩展逻辑卷lv1，增加20M
  Extending logical volume lv1 to 92.00 MiB
  Logical volume lv1 successfully resized
[root@localhost ~]# df -hT				#但是此时查看挂载情况还是显示70M
文件系统    类型      容量  已用  可用 已用%% 挂载点
/dev/sda3     ext4    9.9G  2.4G  7.0G  26% /
tmpfs        tmpfs    504M  424K  504M   1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1     ext4    194M   24M  161M  13% /boot
/dev/sr0   iso9660    2.8G  2.8G     0 100% /media/RHEL_6.0 i386 Disc 1
/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1
              ext4     70M  5.3M   61M   8% /lvm1
[root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg1/lv1 		#需要通过resize2fs刷新lv1
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/vg1/lv1 is mounted on /lvm1; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 1
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/vg1/lv1 to 94208 (1k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vg1/lv1 is now 94208 blocks long.

[root@localhost ~]# df -hT				#再次查看，lv1显示为90M左右
文件系统    类型      容量  已用  可用 已用%% 挂载点
/dev/sda3     ext4    9.9G  2.4G  7.0G  26% /
tmpfs        tmpfs    504M  424K  504M   1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1     ext4    194M   24M  161M  13% /boot
/dev/sr0   iso9660    2.8G  2.8G     0 100% /media/RHEL_6.0 i386 Disc 1
/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1
              ext4     89M  5.6M   79M   7% /lvm1
[root@localhost ~]# vgextend /dev/vg1 /dev/sda7		#通过sda7扩展卷组vg1的容量
  No physical volume label read from /dev/sda7
  Physical volume "/dev/sda7" successfully created
  Volume group "vg1" successfully extended
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay 
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg1
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        3
  Metadata Sequence No  4
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                3
  Act PV                3
  VG Size               156.00 MiB			#扩展后看以看到vg1的容量变为150M左右
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              39
  Alloc PE / Size       23 / 92.00 MiB
  Free  PE / Size       16 / 64.00 MiB
  VG UUID               unkxce-gUn1-pkB9-dvAe-0gMl-rg8h-C5ESMZ
   
[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L +30M /dev/vg1/lv1 	#现在可以扩展lv1的容量到100M以上了，这里再加上30M，lv1的容量应该在120M左右
  Rounding up size to full physical extent 32.00 MiB
  Extending logical volume lv1 to 124.00 MiB
  Logical volume lv1 successfully resized
[root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg1/lv1 		#刷新
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/vg1/lv1 is mounted on /lvm1; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 1
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/vg1/lv1 to 126976 (1k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vg1/lv1 is now 126976 blocks long.

[root@localhost ~]# df -hT				
文件系统    类型      容量  已用  可用 已用%% 挂载点
/dev/sda3     ext4    9.9G  2.4G  7.0G  26% /
tmpfs        tmpfs    504M  424K  504M   1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1     ext4    194M   24M  161M  13% /boot
/dev/sr0   iso9660    2.8G  2.8G     0 100% /media/RHEL_6.0 i386 Disc 1
/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1
              ext4    120M  5.6M  109M   5% /lvm1	#可以看到lv1的容量的确扩展到了120M，试验成功。
[root@localhost ~]#