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Book One
Unit One
10.Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher who is credited with laying the fundamentals (基础) of modern Western philosophy.
Socrates [ˈsɔkrəti:z] n. 苏格拉底(469-399BC,古希腊哲学家);
philosopher [fəˈlɒsəfə(r)] n. 哲学家，哲人; 思想家，学者; 豁达的人; 爱卖弄大道理者;
be credited with认为某人有某事物；被誉为；应记入；被记入
lay [leɪ] v. 放置，安放，搁；提出，提交（建议、信息等）；铺，铺放，铺设（尤指在地板上）
philosophy [fəˈlɒsəfi] n. 哲学; 哲学体系，哲学思想; 生活信条; 哲理;
苏格拉底是古希腊哲学家，被誉为现代西方哲学的奠基人。
He is a mysterious figure known chiefly through the accounts of later classical writers, especially the writings of his most famous student Plato.
figure [ˈfɪgə(r)] n. 数字; 算术; 人物; 身材;
account [əˈkaʊnt] n. 账，账目; 存款; 记述，报告; 理由;
Plato ['pleɪtəʊ] n. (427-347BC,古希腊哲学家)柏拉图;
他是一个谜一般的人物，人们主要通过后来的一些古典作家的叙述，尤其是他最著名的学生柏拉图的作品去了解他。
Socrates has become well known for his contribution to the field of ethics.
ethic [ˈeθɪk] n. 伦理，伦理观; 道德体系; （复数）伦理学，道德学; （复数）行为准则;
苏格拉底以他对伦理学的贡献而闻名。
His method of teaching, known as the Socratic Method, by asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to explain ideas remains a commonly used tool in a wide range of discussions.
Socratic [sɔˈkrætik] adj. 苏格拉底（哲学）的;
stimulate [ˈstɪmjuleɪt] vt. 刺激; 激励，鼓舞; 使兴奋;
他的教学法亦称为苏格拉底法，即通过提问和回答来激发批判性思维以及阐述观点。该方法在各种讨论中仍被普遍使用。
He also made important and lasting contributions to the field of epistemology(认识论) and logic，and the influence of his ideas and approach remains a strong foundation for Western philosophy that followed.
epistemology [ɪˌpɪstəˈmɒlədʒi] n. 认识论;
他还在认识论和逻辑领域做出了重大而深远的贡献。他的思想和方法所带来的影响一直是后来的西方哲学的坚实基础。
Socrates was the most colorful figure in the history of ancient philosophy.
苏格拉底是古代哲学史上最丰富多彩的人物。
His fame was widespread in his own time, and his name soon became a household word although he constructed no philosophical system, established no school, and founded no sect(宗派).
philosophical [ˌfɪləˈsɒfɪkl] adj. 哲学上的，哲学（家）的; 冷静的，沉着的; 明达的; 达观的;
found [faʊnd] vt. 创办，成立，建立;
sect [sekt] n. 宗派，教派; 学派，党派;
他在他那个时代已威名远扬。虽然他未曾建立什么哲学体系，未曾设立什么学派，也未曾创立什么宗派，但他的名字很快就变得家喻户晓了。
Unit Three
10.Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
The London Underground is a rapid transit(交通运输系统) system in the United Kingdom, serving a large part of Greater London.
transit[ˈtrænzɪt] n. 通过; 搬运; 转变; 运输线;
伦敦地铁是英国的一个快速交通运输系统，服务于大伦敦的大部分地区。
The underground system is also known as the Tube, due to the characteristic shape of the subway tunnels.
tube[tju:b] n. 管，管状物; 电子管; 地铁; 电视机;
tunnel[ˈtʌnl] n. 隧道; 地道; 烟道; （动物栖息的）穴;
地铁系统因其地铁隧道的典型形状也被称为地下管道。
It all started in the mid-1800s. The Tube was the world’s first underground train system, with the first section opening in 1863.
伦敦地铁始建于19世纪中期，是世界上最早的地下铁路系统。它的第一段地铁于1863年开始运营。
Since then it has grown to an underground masterpiece(杰作) of 12 lines, 275 stations, and over 250 miles of rail track, 45% of which is underground.
track [træk] n. 小路，小道; 痕迹，踪迹; 轨道，音轨; 方针，路线;
自此，伦敦地铁不断延伸，发展成为一个包括12条线路、275个车站、铁轨总长超过250英里的地铁杰作，其中有45%在地下运行。
It is the fourth largest metro system in the world in terms of route miles. It also has one of the largest numbers of stations.
metro[ˈmetrəʊ] n. 地下铁道;
in terms of 根据; 用…的话; 就…而言; 以…为单位;
mile[maɪl] n.[可数名词] a unit for measuring distance equal to 1 609 metres or 1 760 yards 英里（= 1 609米或1 760码）
miles [复数] a large area or a long distance 大面积；长距离
就路线长度而言，它是世界上第四大地铁系统，也是车站数量最多的地铁系统之一。
As an affordable and easy way to get around London, the Tube remains the first choice for millions of commuters each day, as well as tourists visiting the city on holidays.
get around (also British English also get about) to move from place to place or from person to person 传播；流传；各处走动
commuter [kəˈmju:tə(r)] n. （远距离）上下班往返的人，通勤者
作为一个走遍伦敦的经济便捷的途径，伦敦地铁一向是每天数百万通勤者以及在节假日游历伦敦的首选。
The Tube has been an international icon for London.
icon ['aɪkɒn; -k(ə)n] n. 图标；偶像；肖像，画像；圣像
伦敦地铁已成为伦敦的一个国际标志。
The London Underground celebrated its 150 years of operation in 2013, with various events marking the milestone(里程碑).
operate [ˈɒpəreɪt; 美 ˈɑ:p-] v.to work in a particular way or from a particular place （以某方式或从某地方）经营，营业
operation [ˌɒpəˈreɪʃn; 美 ˌɑ:p-] n. the activity or work done in an area of business or industry （工商业）活动，业务
mark |mɑ:k; 美 mɑ:rk| ~ A (with B) | ~ B on A to write or draw a symbol, line, etc. on sth in order to give information about it 做记号；做标记
to celebrate or officially remember an event that you consider to be important 纪念；庆贺
2013年伦敦举办了各种各样的活动，庆祝地铁运营150周年，纪念这一里程碑。
Unit Four
10. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
As one of the first Europeans to travel across Asia through China, Marco Polo is perhaps the most well-known foreign merchant and voyager to the Chinese people.
Marco Polo ['mɑrko ˈpəʊləʊ] 马可·波罗
merchant [ˈmɜ:tʃənt] n. 商人; 批发商; 店主; 零售商;
voyager [ˈvɔɪɪdʒə(r)] n. 航行者，航海者; 旅客;
作为通过中国游历亚洲的首批欧洲人之一，马可·波罗可能是中国人最熟知的外国商人和航海家。
He traveled extensively (广泛地) with his family, journeying from Europe to Asia from 1271 to 1295.
extensively [ɪk'stensɪvlɪ] adv. 广大地，广泛地;
从1271年到1295年，他和他的家人游历广泛，遍及欧洲和亚洲。
He remained in China for 17 of those years.
remain [rɪˈmeɪn] n. 剩余物，残骸; 残余; 遗迹; 遗体;
vi.& link-v. 搁置; 剩余，剩下; 逗留; 终属，归于;
期间，他在中国留居了17年。
His book The Travels of Marco Polo depicts his journeys throughout Asia, giving Europeans their first comprehensive look into the Far East, including China, India, and Japan.
depict [dɪˈpɪkt] vt. 描绘，描画; 描述;
comprehensive [ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv] adj. 广泛的; 综合的; 有理解力的，悟性好的; [保险业]总体担保的;
他的著作《马可·波罗游记》描述了他游历亚洲的旅程，让欧洲人首次全面领略了包括中国、印度和日本在内的远东地区的情况。
From his written accounts the Westerners learned of porcelain, coal, gunpowder, printing, paper money, and silk for the first time.
account [əˈkaʊnt] n. 账，账目; 存款; 记述，报告; 理由;
Westerner [ˈwestənə(r)] n. 西方人; 西部地区的人;
porcelain [ˈpɔ:səlɪn] n. 瓷，瓷器;
silk [sɪlk] n. 丝，蚕丝; 丝绸，丝织物; （用于缝纫的）丝线; 王室法律顾问;
从他的文字叙述中，西方人第一次了解到瓷器、煤炭、火药、印刷术、纸币以及丝绸。
The wealth of new geographic information recorded by Polo was widely used in the late 15th and the 16th centuries during the age of the European voyages of discovery and conquest (征服).
wealth [welθ] n. 财产，财富; 富豪（阶级）; 丰富，大量; 繁荣;
[单数] ~ of sth a large amount of sth 大量；丰富；众多；充裕
voyage [ˈvɔɪɪdʒ] n. 旅行，航海，航空; 远行; 旅程;
conquest [ˈkɒŋkwest] n. 征服，击败; 战利品; （尤指）爱情的俘虏; 赢得（物）;
在15世纪末和16世纪欧洲发现与征服的大航海时代，马可·波罗所记录的大量新的地理信息得到了广泛使用。
In the centuries since his death, Marco Polo has received the recognition that failed to come his way during his lifetime.
recognition[ˌrekəgˈnɪʃn] n. [不可数名词] the act of remembering who sb is when you see them, or of identifying what sth is 认出；认识；识别
[不可数名词] ~ (for sth) public praise and reward for sb's work or actions 赞誉；赏识；奖赏
to come one's way发生在某人身上
在他去世后的这几个世纪里，马可·波罗获得了他在有生之年未曾获得的赞誉。
Marco Polo’s story has inspired countless other adventurers to set off and see the world.
inspire [ɪnˈspaɪə(r)]v. ~ sb (to sth) to give sb the desire, confidence or enthusiasm to do sth well 激励；鼓舞
adventurer [ədˈventʃərə(r)] n. 探险家，冒险家; 投机商人;
马可·波罗的故事鼓舞了其他无数的探险者去踏上征程，发现世界。
Unit Six
10. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
Gap year (间隔年) refers to a period of time--not necessarily a year-- in which students take time off and do something other than schooling, such as travel or work.
gap [gæp] n. 缺口; 分歧; 间隔; 美国休闲服饰品牌;
necessarily [ˌnesəˈserəli] adv. 必要地; 必需地; 必定地; 必然地;
间隔年指的是学生休假不去上学而去旅游或工作等的一段时间，但不一定是一年。
The year out is most commonly taken after high school and before going to university.
take out 取出；去掉；出发；发泄；把…带出去；邀请（某人）外出；开始
间隔年通常选在高中毕业和进入大学之前的一段时间。
During this time, a student might travel, engage in volunteer work or undertake (承担) a working holiday abroad.
engage [ɪnˈgeɪdʒ] vt. 吸引住; 聘用; 与…交战;
vi. 与…建立密切关系; 衔接; 从事; 紧密结合;
engage in参加，从事，忙于; 业; 经营;
undertake[ˌʌndəˈteɪk; 美 -dərˈt-] v. [动词 + 名词短语] to make yourself responsible for sth and start doing it 承担；从事；负责
在这段时间里，学生可以旅游、参加志愿者工作或者在国外边打工边度假。
A new trend is to participate in international education programs that combine language study, home stays, cultural exchange, community service, and independent study.
program ['prəʊɡræm] n. 程序；计划；大纲
vt. 用程序指令；为…制订计划；为…安排节目
vi. 编程序；安排节目；设计电脑程式
一种新潮流是参加集语言学习、住家、文化交流、社区服务和自主学习于一体的国际教育活动。
The practice of taking a year out developed in the United Kingdom in the 1960s.
间隔年的做法于20世纪60年代兴起于英国。
It has grown very popular among students in the UK, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada.
它在英国、澳大利亚、新西兰和加拿大已经变得非常流行。
In the United States, however, the practice of taking a year off remains the exception(例外）.
exception[ɪkˈsepʃn] n. 例外，除外; 反对，批评; [法律]异议，反对;
a person or thing that is not included in a general statement 一般情况以外的人（或事物）；例外
但是在美国，间隔年的做法仍然只是个别现象。
But in recent years, taking a year out has become slightly more common for Americans.
不过近年来，间隔年对美国人来说变得稍微普遍起来。
Some 40,000 American students participated in 2013 in gap year programs, an increase of almost 20% since 2006, Universities such as Princeton University, Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology have formal policies allowing students to defer (延期）admission.
some [səm] adv. used before numbers to mean ‘approximately ’ （用于数词前，意同approximately）大约，差不多
Princeton ['prɪnstən] n. 普林斯顿;
Harvard[ˈhɑ:vəd] n. 美国哈佛大学;
Massachusetts [ˌmæsə'tʃu:sɪts] n. 马萨诸塞州;
institute [ˈɪnstɪtju:t] n. 协会; 学会; 学院; （教育、专业等）机构;
policy [ˈpɒləsi] n. 政策; 策略; 保险单; 策略性;
defer [dɪˈfɜ:(r)] vt. 使推迟; 使延期; 拖延，推迟; [军]使延期入伍;
admission[ədˈmɪʃn] n. ~ (to sth) the act of accepting sb into an institution, organization, etc.; the right to enter a place or to join an institution or organization （机构、组织等的）准许加入，加入权，进入权
2013年有大约四万美国学生参加了间隔年活动，比2006年增加了近20%。普林斯顿大学、哈佛大学、麻省理工学院等大学都有明文规定允许学生延迟入学。
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