Unit 1
2.Vocabulary
(1)assortment (2) narcissistic (3) obsessively (4) slaying (5) legion (6) instilled (7) ingrained (8) hustled (9) stampede (10) qualms
3. Paraphrase
(1) But then itoccurred to me that this particular Lent has been too lengthy. For the pastdecade or more, the pop psychologists who use book jackets rather than couchesall were busy telling us that I am okay, you are okay and whatever we do isokay.
= But then it cameto my mind that people have given up guilt for too long a time. During thatperiod of time of about ten years or more, those welcome psychologists solvedpeople’s mental problems by writing books instead of giving clinical treatment.And they are trying to advocate the concept that nobody should feel guilty foranything.
(2) There was apopular notion, in fact, that selflove beganby slaying one’s guilt. People all around us spent a greatportion of the last decade trying to tune out guilt instead of decoding itsmessage and learning what it was trying to tell us.
= In the past, itwas commonly thought that to love himself, everyone should first give up hisguilt. For the most part of the past ten years, people deliberately ignored thesense of guilt without understanding its meaning and significance.
(3) Furthermore,we did not want to join the legions who conquered their guilt en route to newdepths of narcissistic rottenness.
= What’s more, wewould never be one of those who give up their guilt while becoming more andmore deteriorated in excessive admiration of themselves.
(4) We know peoplewho are paralyzed by irrational guilt. And we certainly don’t want to be amongthem, or to shepherd our children into their flock.
= There are peoplewho are tortured by unreasonable guilt. Of course we are not willing to be oneof them or guide our children to be one of them.
(5) We are alsoparticularly vulnerable to feelings of duty in a time of change. Today an olderand ingrained sense of what we should do may conflict with a new one. In thegaps that open between what we once were taught and what we now believe grows arich crop of guilt.
= In such achangeable world, our sense of duty is very likely to change our feeling. Nowan old concept may conflict with a new one on what we should do. There isa great difference between our beliefand the education we got, and that difference results in the sense of guilt.
(6) If guilt is astruggle between our acceptance of shoulds and shouldnots, it is a powerful and intensely human one.
= If guiltrepresents the contradiction of our standards of behavior, it is a good thingfull of strength and humanness.
(7) This worstemotion, in a sense, helps bring out the best in us. The desire to avoidfeeling guilty makes us avoid the worst sort of behavior.
= In some aspect,the so-called bad feeling reflects the best nature of human being. Because wedon’t want to feel guilty, we will not do bad things.
(8) In that senseguilt is the great civilizer, the internal commandment that helps us choose tobe kind to each other rather than to join in a stampede of me-firsts.
= In that aspect,guilt can make us civilized and force us by conscience to be good peopleinstead of putting ourselves in the first place urgently.
4. Cloze
(1) remorse (2) responsibility (3) reason (4) triggered (5) anxiety (6) committed (7) criticism (8) empathy (9) develop (10) violates (11) value (12) against (13) fulfill (14) generally (15) failing (16) intended (17) biochamical (18) judged (19) since (20) nature
5. Translation
A. To be happy, aman must feel, firstly, free and, secondly, important. 人要想快乐，首先必须感到自由，其次，必须感到自己重要。He cannot be really happy if he iscompelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing, or if what he enjoysdoing is ignored by society as of no value or importance. 假如迫于社会压力做自己不乐意做的事，或者乐于做的事被认为一文不值，毫不重要，得不到社会的承认，那么这样的人是不可能真正快乐的。A man is a laborer if the job societyoffers him is of no interest to himself but he is compelled to take it by thenecessity of earning a living and supporting his family. 倘若一个人对社会给予他的差事不感兴趣，干下去只是出于谋生和养家糊口的需要，那么此人就只是个雇佣劳动者。A man is a worker if he is personallyinterested in the job which society pays him to do. 倘若一个人打心眼里对社会掏钱让他干的差事感兴趣，那么他就是一个工作者。Whether a job is to be classified as laboror work depends, not on the job itself, but on the tastes of the individual whoundertakes it. 一件差事究竟是劳动还是工作并不取决于差事本身，而是取决于干这个差事的人的喜好。The difference does not coincide with thedifference between a manual and a mental job. 这种差异并不等同于体力和脑力劳动之间的区别。Which a man is can be seen from his attitude toward leisure.从一个人对休闲的态度可以看出他属于哪类人。To a worker, leisure means simply the hourshe needs to relax and rest in order to work efficiently. 对工作者而言，休闲不过是放松休息几个小时，为的是工作起来效率更高。He is therefore more likely to take toolittle leisure than too much. 所以他很可能花很少的时间休息，而不是很多。To the laborer, on the other hand, leisuremeans freedom from compulsion, so that it is natural for him to imagine thatthe fewer hours he has to spend laboring, and the more hours he is free toplay, the better. 对劳动者而言恰恰相反，休闲意味着摆脱了羁绊，他总盼着少干多玩，工作时间越短越好，这种想法也在情理之中。
B
(1) 当真相大白的时候，人们呼吁政府要给英雄正名。(put in a good word for)
= People appealedto the government to put in a good word for the real hero after the truth cameout.
(2) 新年到了，山姆意识到是该暂时把工作放到一边，给父母打个电话的时候了。 (occur to)
= On the coming ofthe New Year, it occurred to Sam that he should put aside his work for a whileand call his parents.
(3) 在这个瞬息万变的时代，年轻人常常把个人利益放在首位而将社会责任抛在脑后。(tune out)
= In a time ofchange, young people often put self-interest in the first place and tune outsocial commitment.
(4) 政府已经意识到贫富分化可能导致严重的社会问题，并且已采取措施来缩小这种差距。(arise from)
= The governmenthas realized that serious social problems may arise from wealth polarization, and measures have beentaken to shorten the distance.
(5) 作为成名的代价，明星们尤其容易受到批评的攻击，因为人们总是对他们期望更高。(be vulnerable to)
= As the cost ofbeing famous, stars are particularly vulnerable to criticism, because peoplealways have higher expectations of them.
(6) 恐怖袭击被成功镇压之后，惊魂未定的人质们被引领着穿过一个秘密通道，来到安全地带。（shepherd）
= After theterrorist attack was successfully suppressed, the horror-stricken hostages wereshepherded across a secret passage to the safety zone.
(7) 最终，作者选择反驳谣言，倒不是因为个人受到了冒犯，更多的是因为这给别人造成了伤害。（inflict）
= Finally, theauthor chose to retort the rumor not because of any personal offense, butrather in response to injuries inflicted on others.
(8) 罪犯向律师解释到，他天生意志薄弱，物质欲望经常会战胜情感，所以才会去偷熟人的东西。（overpower）
= The criminalexplains to his lawyer that his will is so naturally fragile that his physicalneeds often overpower his feeling, which leads to the theft of hisacquaintance.
(9) 当她的奶奶，也是这个世界上唯一爱她的人离世时，她心中除了深深的悲伤和遗憾之外，再也没有其它感受。（nothing else but）
= When hergrandma, the only person who loved her in the world, passed away, her heart wasfilled with nothing else but deep sorrow and regret.
Unit 2
2. Vocabulary
(1) profane (2) ignited(3) cconcocted (4) reverberations (5) subversive (6) enigmatic (7) convergence(8) provisional (9) defy（10) transparent
3. Paraphrase
(1) It’s hard andeven intolerable to imagine the infinitive universe, like the endless time, butthis idea can at least make people feel calm and peaceful.
(2) However, inrecent decades, the Steady State model of universe has been substituted inscientific field by a more difficult idea that the universe is full of forcefulactions.
(3) The Big Bangtheory makes some astronomers very uneasy, but at the same time, creates alittle excitement in religious field for it seems to confirm their belief increation.
(4) Science educedthe Big Bang theory from the hard work of assumption and testification and evenunexpected but pleasant incidents, which share little interest with ideology.
(5) Manytheologians also agree that the similar points of religion and science on theissue of creation is accidental without deep significance.
(6) Somescientists refuse to consider the issue of creation with the attitude ofdealing with the fact.
(7)Yet, actuallyeveryone, including scientists and common religious persons, is possessed bythe confusing issues of creation and even what happened before it.
(8) People who areengaged in the hitech field need something from spirit andethics to conduct their work.
(9) The Big Bangtheory of course is not the perfect final theory of creation that human candevelop, but what it shows to us is a vast unknown area that requires effortand appropriate respect from both religion and science.
4. Cloze
(1) concerned (2)deeply (3) movements (4) longing (5) endeavor (6) present (7) religious(8) suffice (9) varying (10) experience(11) primitive(12) evokes (13) stage (14) poorly (15) creates (16) depend (17)handed(18) disposed (19) degree (20) basis
5. Translation
A. Translate thefollowing paragraphs into Chinese.
(1) 硅芯片时代的不可知论可被除了造物之外的许多疑惑所动摇。几乎具有同样神秘色彩的问题是，在几十亿年前，是什么条件产生了第一个能够复制自身的分子。这一步使得遍布地球的所有生命形式的发展成为可能。为什么恰在那时发生呢?
对于科学和神学在大爆炸宇宙学上表面的趋同，宗教界表现出来的热情是可以理解的。自启蒙运动以来，《圣经》所述的创世故事或者其它“事件”，如人之堕落和耶稣基督的奇迹，屡屡遭遇科学的贬抑；它们仅仅被当作神话、迷信而已。现在信徒们不由得要相信科学已经费力地证实了至少一个圣经“神话”：创世说。
(2) 美国国家航空和航天局宣布科学家已经发现来自火星的陨石中有生命的迹象。到目前为止，公众的反响相当积极。不过随着人们进一步领会其深层含义，这种积极的反响可能会改变。来自国家宇航局的这一消息是近500年来对人类最大的冒犯。这个新发现说明生命很可能是相当普通的一种现象，只要有点机会在任何地方都可能发生。地球并不特殊。异类的生命形式也不特别。它们不是人们通常合情合理想象的长着尖尖耳朵或其它可爱特点的人形生命，它们很可能更像简单的细菌。地球上的生命之所以特别是因为我们只了解这一种生命形式。那么就这一点来说，现在行将破碎的那类教条根本就是建立在无知的基础上的。生物学的根基非常脆弱，它只有一个数据点，即地球上的生命。
B. Translate thefollowing sentences into English.
(1) Since mygrandma knows nothing about electrical appliance, she always stays clear of anyof them with fear.
(2) Although theyhave been sieged for almost a week, the soldiers swear never to yield theground to the enemy.
(3) To hisembarrassment, his new boss turned out to be his primary school classmate, onwhom he used to play trick.
(4)Everybodyshould know how to choose when their social responsibility clashes with theirpersonal interest.
(5) Tourists fromall over the world are really taken by the beauty and intelligence shown inthis palace.
(6) This bookprovides a sharp look at the domestic lives of middleclass African Americans and the residual impacts ofslavery and racial discrimination.
(7) That morningin the largest rural market in Asian, I saw at least a hundred thousand peoplejostled with one another to buy livestock, which is so unforgettable to me.
(8) The narrationat first continues the light spoken tone of the earlier novel, but as itdevelops, this tone recedes, only occasionally bursting forth in humorouswords.
(9) The two groupsconcurred that even the toughest gun laws would have no effect on crime rate;the key lies in the education of people.
(10) No one couldexpect that the great writer’s grave was marked by a small wooden board,bearing his name, the letters of which were nearly obliterated by time.
Unit 3
2. Vocabulary
(1) confidential(2) facilitate (3) bizarre (4) innovation
(5) surveillance(6) Incidentally (7) administered (8) deregulation
3. Paraphrase
(1) Althoughprivacy and property are firmly established in the history of humandevelopment, they vary as the social criteria change.
(2) They two arebased on experience and can be scientifically true. However, they may be provedwrong in some domains like social aspects.
(3) It seems fairfor everyone that the law forbids the rich as well as the poor to sleep underbridges, whereas, the truth is that the rich don’t have to sleep under bridgesso the law only places restrictions on the poor.
(4) Copyrightsounds fair to both celebrities and obscurities, but it virtually separatecelebrities from the other musicians because only celebrities and majordistribution companies have the ability to defend their copyright by legalmeans. This reveals inequality under the cover of socalled equality.
(5) Courtofficials who have made a solemn promise could explore the doubtful cases thenspecify those really guilty few and report to punish them according to laws.
(6) Informationtechnology can not provide convincing answers to such questions thus ending upbeing doubted by public, following nuclear power and genetic engineering.
(7) Internetbased investigations might succeed, but they areusually less reliable than traditional randomlysampledpolls.
4. Cloze
(1) sophisticated(2)protect(3) named(4) employed(5) other(6) private(7) only(8) public(9) possessed(10) periodically(11) forge(12) limit(13) approved(14) privileges(15) accountable(16)confidential(17) access(18) difficult(19) mixture(20) symbols5. Translation
A. Translate thefollowing paragraphs into Chinese.
(1) 这样一个多层机密系统的最佳构思是什么呢？是否会出现意外的后果？公众是否能接受？如果不能很好地回答这些问题，信息技术将会像核能源和基因工程一样被笼罩在大众的疑云之中。现在无处不在的电话销售已经让人们变得十分抵触通过电话进行的科学调查了。网络调查倒是大有前途，但是显然缺乏传统的随机抽样调查的可信度。另一个问题是，政府以安全为目的进行数据收集和整合，但是对其真实结果的研究在政府的安全机构内部是不可能公正的，因为要想获得科学的公正性，研究就必须公开进行。
(2) 根据卡内基·麦伦大学的研究，使用因特网可能会导致心理健康程度下降。两年的研究表明，上网次数多的人与较少的人相比，即使是一周仅上网几小时也会经常地感觉到沮丧和孤独。这不是说已经有不良感觉的人在网上花费了更多的时间，而是说使用因特网似乎确实诱发了人们的不良感觉。研究者推测说，实际情况是上网使网民减少了和家人及朋友共度的时光，这也许可以解释他们心理健康状况的下降原因。和面对面的交谈相比，这种见不着面、看不见人的“虚”的交流可能会使人从心理上缺乏满足感。人们通过这种交流结下的友谊也不会太深。还有一种可能是，网民通过因特网所了解到的广阔世界使他们对自己的生活不那么满意了。
B. Translate thefollowing sentences into English.
(1) The newsrendered us extremely excited that our contestant had won the championship inthe contest.
(2) After everySpring Festival graduates travel around the country in the pursuit of job.
(3) How can youtell he has murdered his neighbor in the absence of any specific proof?
(4) Under thethreat of terrorists’ attacks government has to sift through heaps of mailsevery day.
(5) The conferencecommittes’ members are discussing whether the topic should fall under thissession’s theme.
(6) When he wasaware that his health was deteriorating, the once ambitious entrepreneurrelinquished all control over the business to his son.
(7) The municipalgovernment has determined to broaden all the roads within the city and isactively planning to build the underground system as well. All this aims atfacilitating citizens’ transportation.
(8)Wheninvestigating a bank robbery resulting in two deaths, the police found a letterwhich implicated John in the robbery.
Unit 5
Text A Escapingto Irelandfor Christmas
I. Keys to the exercises
1. Readingcomprehension
(1) Theywent to Irelandat Christmas, which is so different from other’s choices.
(2) Becausefew American would do so since Ireland is much colder in winter.
(3) Originally,they wanted to avoid the terrible traffic jam and unreasonable cost of Christmasseason. But later they have witnessed, experienced and learned so many newthings that can never be accessed in traditional trips, and that’s how theiropinion changed.
(4) Theyhave the opportunities to see unusual scenes, experience special events,reinforce unity of family, and collect beautiful memories for future life.
(5) They haveto endure the coldness, the awful weather, the inconvenient life and theskepticism of people.
(6) Theygo everywhere and summarize the differences and similarities every night. Theytake part in all kinds of activities of Irish people. And they learn about Irelandby reading world events from local newspapers.
(7) Theymake the rule that everything within the budget had to be made in Ireland.What’s more, the size should be limited by the suitcase, and the selection ofgifts should be careful to avoid over-lapping.
(8) Theylearned how to be creative, perseverant, understanding and cherishing.
2. Vocabulary
| (1) contrariness | (2) tangle | (3) stamina | (4) roam |
| (5) subtlety | (6) bustling | (7) conspire | (8) foray |
| (9) tangible | (10) savor |
|
|
3. Paraphrase
(1) We prefer to travel at Christmas because we tend to avoid thecrowds during traveling seasons.
(2) Our reason for having such different trips is from the harvest rather thanthe loss during the course
(3) We have long and hard traveling experience,which gives us the creative ideas of making the special plans, the perseveranceto go through difficulties, and the optimistic and humorous reaction to people’slack of understanding.
(4) As our plans change the life style or makethem to wear heavily, our children are not always obedient and willing toaccept them.
(5) Our idea of Christmas is changed because ofour revolution of the past life style and the pleasure of finding anotherculture.
(6) When we are traveling in another country,we are all foreigners, which makes us more united. And we are fascinated infinding the details of the new environment and are more easily to accept other’sopinion.
(7) The whole family acted together to caterfor my special love for knitting wool, such as watching the sheep walkingthrough, finding and visiting the discarded wool mill, focusing on the yarnstore in every town and renaming colors for sweaters with our visited placesfor memory.
(8) After wearing the rubber rain boots andthick wool socks, we are not afraid of the coldness and humidity any more whenwe stamped through muddy fields.
(9) We can understand the Irish life from a special angle by viewing their localnewspaper for the world’s events.
4. Cloze
| (1) crowded | (2) vacationers | (3) stretch | (4) tight |
| (5) beginning | (6) seem | (7) cash | (8) against |
| (9) dreaded | (10) possible | (11) avoiding | (12) popular |
| (13) surprise | (14) route | (15) filled | (16) same |
| (17) difficult | (18) ultimately | (19) given | (20) expect |
5. Translation
A. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
如果我是一名游客的话，我会将我的出行计划定在四，五月或者十，十一月期间。要是在“旺季”去的话，你遭受冷雨寒风的机会会更大。而且很奇怪地，全国都会挤得一塌糊涂，收费还高得惊人。
我会开车或坐飞机到达杰克逊维尔，而且在一天之中较早的时间到达，这样我就不必在那过夜了。实际上，我会尽量避开城市，除非是为了转机。我还会尽量避开任何要我买门票去参观的地方。
我会在杰克逊维尔租辆车，借助能找到的最详细的国家地图，朝南走13号国道，顺着圣约翰河东岸而下。我会慢慢地开，寻找垂钓营地。我会租一艘带有突出甲板的小船在河上待上一两个小时，看看弗罗里达世界，解除旅行的压力。
B. Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) Success lies not so much as in luck as in hard work.
(2) Such difficulties for us to classify their nationalcharacteristics usually stem from the enormous variety of America and Americans.
(3) The minister has to fend off some awkward questions from reportersat the press conference.
(4) Once again, I was caught in the middle of circumstances. Thefourth born of six children, it was not uncommon that I was either too young ortoo old for something.
(5) The quality of life of the residents has been on the rise, withconsiderable improvement in food, clothing, housing, transport and dailynecessities.”
(6) In spite of the tight budget, the government will still prop up thedeclining industries that are related to the national economy and people’s livelihood.
(7) Inaddition to providing venture capital, we offer anarray of value-added services and in-depth support to entrepreneurs in China’s high-tech industries.
(8) If children are so well able to learn theirmother tongue, it is precisely because they plunge themselves into the sea oflanguage instead of reading a few textbooks only.
Text B A florida of swamps andsilences
I. Background information
1. John d. Macdonald is the author of 20 Travis McGee mysterynovels; the most recent is “Cinnamon Skin” (Harper). John Dann MacDonald (July 24,1916 – December 28,1986), writing as John D.MacDonald, was an American writer best known for his series of detectivenovels featuring protagonist Travis McGee.MacDonald was named a grand master of the Mystery Writers of America in 1972 and wonthe American Book Award in 1980. Stephen Kingpraised him as “the great entertainer of our age, and a mesmerizingstoryteller.” Born in Sharon, Pennsylvania, MacDonald enrolledat the WhartonSchool of the University of Pennsylvania but dropped out during hissophomore year to work menial jobs in New York City.While attending the School of Management at Syracuse University, he met Dorothy Prentiss.They married in 1937, and he graduated from Syracuse the following year. In 1939, he receivedan MBA from Harvard University.
2. Jacksonville is the largest city in the state of Floridaand the county seatof Duval County.GR6 Since 1968,Jacksonville has been the largest city in land areain the contiguous United States; this resultedfrom the consolidation of the city and countygovernment, along with a corresponding expansion of the city limits to includealmost the entire county. In 2007, Jacksonvilleranked as the United States’twelfth most populous city, with794,555 residents.[2] It is the principal city in the Greater Jacksonville MetropolitanArea, a region with a population of 1,277,997,[3] the fourth largest metropolitan area in the state, as ofthe 2006 Census Bureau estimates. Jacksonville isthe third most populated city on the East Coast, after New York Cityand Philadelphia.About25 miles (40 km) south of the Georgia border, Jacksonville is in the First Coastregion of northeast Florida and is centered on the banks of the St. JohnsRiver. The settlement that became Jacksonville was founded in 1791 as Cowford,because of its location at a narrow point in the river across which cattle wereonce driven. The city was renamed in 1822 for AndrewJackson, the first military governor of the FloridaTerritory and eventual seventh President of the United States.
II. Keyto the exercises
1. T 2.F 3. F 4. F 5. F 6. T 7. T 8. F 9. T 10. F
Unit 7
Text A Adopters of Chinese also Adopt Culture
III. Key to the exercises
1. Reading comprehension
(1) Becauseshe wants her adopted Chinese kids to know some Chinese traditions.
(2) Becausethey want their adopted Chinese kids to have more chances to be in contact withChinese and their culture.
(3) Becausethe number of Chinese adoptees is exploding here and they are fastbecoming a cultural force outside coastal metropolises.
(4) Theyknew almost nothing about Chinese culture. They even didn’t know how to eatChinese food. The culture was a mystery to them.
(5) Manyof them felt the emphasis on assimilating them into American culture without abackward glance to their roots, which left them feeling alienated from both theAnglo and Korean communities.
(6) Cricket Academy has been founded by Ms. Downing who hastwo adopted Chinese daughters when she found there was no suitable school forher kids to learn Mandarin.
(7) Becauseshe thinks these girls are Chinese, and when they grow up, they’ll want tovisit China.
(8) Adoptees from Chinaare rare in America,so that they and their families might be regarded as a special group. The word“Chinese-American” indicates his family members are different from others inthe country, which makes Mr. Berger feel offended.
2. Vocabulary
| (1) dietary | (2) trigger | (3) syndrome | (4) subside |
| (5) nary | (6) alienate | (7) hodge-podge | (8) emigrate |
| (9) feast | (10) presumptuous |
|
|
3. Paraphrase
(1) Long time ago in China, Moon Cakes which was made ofsticky pastry and fruit stuffing was the traditional ornament of the Mid-autumnDay more than the food.
(2) About 5,000 Chinese babies are adopted by Americanfamilies every year. They are a new type -- Chinese-Americans, and aregradually getting used to the life in the U.S. like the kids of the familyCallandars.
(3) Many adopters of Chinese babies are trying to enlarge thescale of their families with Chinese colonies. They are hiring Chinese coloniesas baby sitters, piano teachers, and any other occupations in their families.
(4) Even the biggest city in Wisconsin, which is close to their hometown,does never organize a public celebration of Chinese New Year.
(5) But then, when South Korean babies who were adopted byAmerican families matured, multiculturalism was popular at that time. The factaroused a huge change in the field of intercountry adoption.
(6) Many South Korean adoptees thought absorbing Americanculture is particular important. They paid no attention to the South Koreanculture at all. The phenomenon made them feel they did not belong in eitherAmerican or South Korean cultures.
(7) In the midst of the people who took part in the ChineseNew Year’s Banquet, there were three Chinese families. They took the chance ofthe only dragon dance which is performed with accompany of traditional Chinesemusical instruments in the city.
(8) But along with more and more babies are adopted byAmerican families, there must be a particular and simple form of address forthe family in the future.
4. Cloze
| (1) when | (2) divorce | (3) imported | (4) Blame |
| (5)Western | (6) as | (7) across | (8) where |
| (9) breeding | (10) West | (11) on | (12) hasten |
| (13) even if | (14) in | (15) break into | (16) follow |
| (17) struck | (18) abandoned | (19) not | (20) but |
5. Translation
A. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese
(1) 马丁路德.金恩博士,在一九六三年的一篇有名的演讲《我有一个梦》当中表达了他的理想.其实这个根植于"美国梦"的理想,并不是个完全新潮的主意.从一开始,这个由移民所组成的国家,便欢迎渴望自由和新开始的人来到.但是,不同种族的到来亦带来了紧张的气氛.早期的美国人(除了印地安原住民之外)几乎全是来自欧洲的白人.当更多的移民抵达时,欧洲团体较容易适应这个社会,其它团体则较感困难.
(2) 黑人是唯一非出于自愿而到美国来的"移民".几百年以来,非洲人自其家园被迫带到新世界为奴.即使乔治.华盛顿和汤玛士.杰弗逊也曾蓄奴.那句"人类生而平等"的话,在他们的时代并不适用于黑人.一八六五年,南北战争的结束终于为黑奴带来自由,但是黑人的社会地位仍然较低.许多南方的州实行种族隔离政策以使"黑人不会跨越界限".黑人和白人上不同的学校,在不同的餐馆吃饭,甚至连喝水都用不同的饮水机.
B.Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) In spite of great difficulties, the police were determined to track down this criminal at any cost.
(2) The result that Chinahas won the host right of 2008 Olympics was announced by president ofInternational Olympics Committees to theaccompaniment of loud cheering.
(3) When her work isput on and receives applause, she would feel that everything she hasdone is well worth it.
(4) With rapid development of Internet, individual blogs are invoguethroughout the world. If you prefer, you can set up your personal mini-websiteat any time.
(5) The town boasts a world famous artgallery.
(6) Computer internet is rapidly developing,and the world information superhighway is already beginning to take shape.
(7) After the earthquake, cellphone signal was once off and on, which brought greatinconvenience to our communication.
(8) Before the wild enthusiasm aroused by the goal subsided, the situation on playgroundchanged dramatically.
Text B Top U.S. Soap Bombs
I. Background information
1. Desperate Housewives: It is an American television comedy-dramaseries, created by Marc Cherry, who also serves as show runner, and produced byABC Studios - The Walt Disney Company's main television studio - and CherryProductions. Executive producers, as of the upcoming fourth season, are MarcCherry, Bob Daily, George W. Perkins, John Pardee and Joey Murphy.
The setting of the show is the street of Wisteria Lane inthe fictional American town of Fairview.It follows the lives of a group women, seen through the eyes of their deadneighbour, as they work through domestic struggles and family life, whilefacing the secrets, crimes and mysteries hidden behind the doors of their – atthe surface – beautiful suburban neighbourhood. The show features an ensemblecast, headed by Teri Hatcher as Susan Mayer, Felicity Huffman as Lynette Scavo,Marcia Cross as Bree Hodge, Eva Longoria as Gabrielle Solis, and NicolletteSheridan as Edie Britt. Brenda Strong narrates the show as the deceased MaryAlice Young.
Since its premiere on ABC on October 3, 2004, the showhas been very well received by the critics as well as the audience. The show isa multiple Emmy, Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild award winner, and inApril 2007 it was reported to be the most popular show in its demographicworldwide, with an audience of approximately 115 to 119 million viewers.
2. ABC: The American Broadcasting Company, a television and radionetwork in the United States,more commonly referred to as ABC, has been a forerunner in the evolution oftelevision network history. Although often recognized as the third-placenetwork in ratings, behind CBS and NBC, ABC has several times been a"first," with bold decisions and changes that often served ascatalysts to its competitors.
II. Key to the exercise
1. T 2. F 3. F 4.F 5.T 5. F 7.T 8. F 9. T 10. T
Unit 8
II Vocabulary
infertility;hypothetical; emerge; intrinsic; defects; specified; unscrupulous; justify;
III Cloze
1. verb 2. identical 3. themselves 4. splitting 5. genetically 6. clones
7. sexual 8. carries 9. which 10. offspring 11. either 12. organisms
13. differs 14. depending 15. take 16. of 17. place 18. from
19. divides 20 as
IV Translation
A.
1. 首先为何要“复制”人呢？不能生育的夫妇可能选择复制他们自身而不接受捐献者的基因。我和妻子生有两个孩子，又领养了一个，但是假使克隆一个我自己来弥补不能生育的遗憾的话，那对我的婚姻意味着什么？这样的换位思考非常有益。我与妻子在高中相识. 她将如何面对让她陷入爱河的那个年轻人的克隆？如果我们任何人发现和自己生活在一起，我们会做出什么反应？当然，那个被克隆的人——当前情况下，也就是我——将认为他理解他的复制品的行为，因而比起一般的父亲，他更可能强加一些愿望在孩子身上。但是，最重要的是，一个十多岁的孩子怎样能忍受这样的情形：看着我——一个日渐秃顶、衰老的人——明白这就是他将来的模样？
2. 1997年克隆羊多莉成为第一个由单细胞克隆的哺乳动物。从此科学家们致力于探究这一领域更大的可能性。近来，中国的科学家也成功地克隆了哺乳动物，例如牛。然而，克隆引发了争论。2005年2月联合国发表禁止任何形式的克隆人宣言，宣言宣称克隆人违背人类尊严。这一宣言的支持者包括美国和德国。但是并非所有国家投赞成票。中国、日本、英国及其他32个国家认为限制性的克隆是有益处的。中国反对克隆人，但是支持为治疗和预防疾病进行的限制性克隆研究。
B.
1. In the event ofrain, the rugby game long expected by fans will have to be postponed.
2. People havedoubts if the measure taken by the company is in the interests of majority ofemployees.
3. In order tolive up to parents’ expectations, he did the best to achieve his goal to becomean excellent pianist.
4. On what grounddid you say that the official had taken bribes? If you couldn’t offer us any clues,it would be unlikely for us to make investigations.
5. Terrorism isbecoming rampant. However, we always believe that the cause of counter-terrorism will for suresucceed one day, based on an alliance between nations and championed by peoplefrom all around the world.
6. Changes in thesocial structure may indirectly affect crime incidences. For example, economicfluctuations always lead to fewer job opportunities and rising unemployment,thus causing an increasing crime rate.
7. Allen Iversontook the Most Valuable Player (MVP) award for his efforts during the NBA’sAll-Star Game on Sunday. Iverson, of the Philadelphia 76ers, collected 15points, 10 assists and 5 steals, to spark a winning performance by the EasternConference side.
8. Certainly, itis not a question likely to be answered in a short period of time, whether aclone’s life span is affected by the years its parent has already lived, butone requiring our long-term and unremitting efforts.
Unit 11
Text A The Male Beauty Myth
Ⅲ. Key to the exercises
1. Reading comprehension
(1) Experts think that the trend is complex andis the result of four key factors.
(2) Men are more pragmatic and usually havedone their research and come in and know exactly what they want, whereas womenare more open.
(3) Dr. Michael Atkinson believes the trend incosmetic procedures is in line with a culturally defined Western image men areincreasingly being asked to live up to: youthful, vibrant and energetic.
(4) They are more likely to discuss work theyhave had done, like a phoenix rising from the ashes and they want to tellpeople about it.
(5) They have facial wasting as a result oftheir illness and the medicines they have to take and the feeling of being stigmatized,and they don’t want to look too sick to be seen in the workplace.
(6) Thisis likely because men have thicker skin on the face than women and more blood vessels and hair follicles.
(7) The author’s purpose of writing the article is to inform insteadof persuading because there is not a sentence or even a word in the article toreveal the author’s opinion on plastic surgery.
(8) (Open)
2. Vocabulary
| (1) invasive | (2) vulnerability | (3) pragmatic | (4) traumatic |
| (5) vibrant | (6) stigma | (7) preoccupation | (8) masculinity |
| (9) follicle | (10) celebrity |
|
|
3. Paraphrase
(1) Unlike women, men may not appear onmakeover shows in a great number and they may not talk about it too much likewomen, but more and more men are going for cosmetic surgery.
(2) “Cosmetic procedures have a realpsycho-social benefit which is sometimes ignored.”
(3) “Among all the biggest factors influencing thegrowth of cosmetic surgery in general, one is that people can read about it onthe Web and this is particularly good to men, ”….
(4) “… A man who has divorced might date again,or compete for a job again, and if he looks as if he cares for himself, hasspent money in making himself look nice, he will be thought more highly andthat is connected with productivity and masculinity,”….
(5) “People tell me that I need to have moreother advantages. I can’t just rely on being a man anymore to get the job. ”
(6) Both men and women are as likely to get malformedin a way. Therefore, what occupies their mind is an imagined or exaggeratedphysical defect in appearance. But Dr. Tarshis said men more commonly focustheir attention on their nose as a problem.
(7) “Nobody knows the reasons for this, but onehas to be cautious if someone seems to be paid particular attention to.”
(8) “There was something disgraceful and itwasn’t given enough attention to and that can still happen today.... Cosmetic proceduresare more about the state of being healthy, happy, or prosperous than being vain.In my opinion, ‘Vain’ is a vulgar word,”….
4. Cloze
| (1) beauty | (2) complications | (3) reminder | (4) relatively |
| (5) death | (6) pure | (7) potential | (8) increased |
| (9) scarring | (10) type | (11) hiding | (12) accident |
| (13) risk | (14) important | (15) minimize | (16) qualifications |
| (17) emergencies | (18) take | (19) freedom | (20) hairdressers |
5. Translation
A. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
看来，给人们带来好处的往往不是技术、智力或人品，而是一些气质和相貌。安娜·库尔尼科娃就是—个例子。她在女子网球的世界排名中列第37位，而且还从未获得过重要的单打冠军。那么，为什么库尔尼科娃从广告中获得的收入要比排名靠前的球员多几百万美元呢?
美貌不仅对妇女管用。纽约巨人橄榄球队的角后卫贾森•泽霍恩如此受人关注，难道仅仅因为他是一名顶级运动员吗? 《妇女体育画报》对他进行报道也只是因为上述那个原因吗?
你也许了解肯尼迪和尼克松之间那场著名的电视辩论的情况——收听收音机的人认为理查德·尼克松获得了胜利，而看电视的人则认为赢家是英俊潇洒的肯尼迪。
得克萨斯州参议员菲尔·格拉姆在1996年竞选共和党的总统提名时曾说过：“真正的问题是像我这样相貌不佳的人能否被选上。”几个月后，格拉姆就退出了竞选。
媒体连篇累牍地报道小肯尼迪的情况，仅仅因为他是总统的儿子吗?假如戴安娜王妃与玛格丽特公主一样相貌平平，我们还会这么关注她吗?
B. Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) It is in the right of every nation to opt, inkeeping with its national conditions and the will of its people, for a socialsystem and road of development of its own choice. No one else has the right tointerfere.
(2) We need to adopt a pragmatic approach to brave thechallenges with unreserved determination.
(3) Due to the convenience of the Internet, companiescan acquire and disseminate information through it and win a timely opportunityto update technology and tap new products and markets.
(4) Incontrast, the education systems of today have a tendency to downplay thefoundational subjects. Instead, they are geared towards pragmatism and a desirefor quick returns.
(5) The government increases the pension in line witheconomic development, improvement in people’s living standards, and rise inworkers’ salaries.
(6) All of a sudden, Miss Su began calling FangHung-chien Hung-chien instead of Mr. Fang, as though she wanted Chao Hsin-meito know her intimacy with Fang.
(7) One of the most powerful corporate brands evercreated, the golden arches resonate in the hearts and minds of people all overthe world—even though different cultures attach different meanings to them.
(8) After resigning, Mr. Nixon continued to beconcerned about Sino-American relations, and has made important contributionsto the maintenance and development of the two countries’ relations.
Text B Who Is the Real Face Of Plastic Surgery?
Key to the exercises
1. F 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. F 8. F 9. F 10. T
Unit 12
TextA The Spirits of Cambridge
Exercises
1. Readingcomprehension
(1) Thereare two meanings for the word “spirit”: (a) The part of a human beingassociated with the mind, will, and feelings; (b) The soul, considered asdeparting from the body of a person at death. Here in the text, the author usesits singular form to mean the former, while the plural form is used to mean thelatter which denotes the famous Cambridgepeople.
(2) Thisis both a way to arouse the readers’ interest and a device to introduce the“spirits”.
(3) Likemany travel writers, Mike Gerrard acts like a tour guide and writes accordingto the order of traveling. The most obvious advantage is that the readers mightfeel like enjoying all the tour sites with the author one by one.
(4) Open.
(5) Yes,an ex-student named John Harvard sailed to Americain the 1630s and later left his money and books to found the school that becameeventually America’sfirst university.
(6) It wasinside Cavendish Laboratory that the atom was first split in 1932, and whereFrancis Crick and James Dewey Watson finally untangled the riddle of DNA in1953, work for which they received a Nobel Prize nine years after.
(7) Hementions about the display of Thomas Hobson’s Bible, “Hobson’s Choice” and Hobson’s Conduit.
(8) Open.
2. Vocabulary
| (1) untangled | (2) anguished | (3) legacy | (4) depicts |
| (5) restored | (6) intact | (7) shudder | (8) fervent |
| (9) commemorates | (10) retreat |
|
|
3. Paraphrase
(1) However, CambridgeUniversity, being on the edge of East England, is not a place that has ghosts; it isfilled with the spirit of the real people who have lived there over thecenturies.
(2) If a few more people are mentioned such asBertrand Russell, Samuel Pepys, Emma Thompson and Ludwig Wittgenstein, you willsoon realize that Cambridgehas a rich and various campus life.
(3) If you like, you can take an open-bus touror an official guided walk, but it’s also pretty good to have the trip on foot,so that you may have enough time to fully enjoy the atmosphere during yourvisit to the colleges, gardens, the chapels and the pubs.
(4) The work is very modern and pioneering,whereas the place of this work is very old—as we know, the late Saxon tower of St Bene’t’s Church can be dated back tothe year 1025, and the whole church is the oldest building in Cambridgeshire.It is very strange, but seems to be appropriate for Cambridge.
(5) Another connection between Cambridgeand American is the chapel at EmmanuelCollege, where John Harvard, anex-student of Cambridge and the founder of Harvard University is painted on a mosaic glasswindow.
(6) However, over the same 300 years, the fateof Oliver Cromwell’s head is not so well protected as the stained glass EastWindow of Peterhouse Chapel.
(7) People will feel horrible at the head ofCromwell, but it has passed on through different people until 1960, exactly 300years later. His head was then secretly buried somewhere in Sidney Sussex College, on Sidney Street,where Oliver Cromwell had ever studied there.
(8) After hearing such a terrible story, youmay want to comfort yourself by going to a peaceful college garden, such asChrist’s College at the opposite end of Sidney Street.
4. Cloze
| (1) institution | (2) taken | (3) migrated | (4) versus |
| (5) will | (6) favor | (7) established | (8) continued |
| (9) found | (10) molecular | (11) naturalist | (12) economist |
| (13) rich | (14) magnificent | (15) chapels | (16) combination |
| (17) volumes | (18) entitled | (19) papers | (20) collection |
5. Translation
A. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
剑桥大学是具有700多年历史的世界著名学府，曾培养出牛顿、培根、弥尔顿、拜伦、达尔文等对人类进步事业作出杰出贡献的伟大科学家、思想家和诗人。今天，剑桥大学作为获得诺贝尔奖学者最多的大学，在世界高等学府中依然居于显要的地位。100年来，许多中国学者不远万里到剑桥求学访问。今天，中国学术界和剑桥大学继续保持着良好的交流与合作。这对加强中英人民的文化交流和友谊，推进科技和思想进步产生了积极的作用和影响。
B. Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) Her anguishat the unexpected death of her only child was so great that she did not have awink of sleep for a week.
(2) By the influence of the ancient OlympicGames, modern Olympic Games inherits the ancient outstanding legacy in name, holding period, certainrites and thoughts, but it has essential difference from the ancient.
(3) The scientists are exploring thetechnologies required to perform environmental restoration and waste management in a cost-effective manner.
(4) Some depictstory-book characters, others suggest the sponsor's hallmark, and somerepresent abstract ideas.
(5) Rapidly shaking off its traditionalbackwardness and quickening its steps toward modernization are the naturalrequirements for the progress and development of the society and the fervent wish of all the ethnic groups.
(6) Excitable and turbulent in trifling matters, when actual bodily danger threatenedhe was an abnormal quiet.
(7) I'm still afraid that in case of damage orpilferage, the insurance company might refuse indemnification on the grounds of improper packing.
(8) Though the article sounds likea piece of humorous science fiction, it is intended to bring home to the publicthe serious problem of environmental pollution on the earth.
Text BIs Harvard Worth It?
Key to the exercises
1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. T 7. F 8. F 9. F 10. F
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