Spring笔记(2):Web集成与SpringMVC

Spring项目添加javeweb框架

项目加入tomcat容器

下面这种情况没有项目的Artifact

参照
https://blog.csdn.net/tj867182298/article/details/83308483

设置web主界面

web.xml中

    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>

其中index.html放在web目录下，与WEB-INF同级

创建服务器类

public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ApplicationContext app = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfiguration.class);
        UserService userService = app.getBean(UserService.class);
        userService.save();
    }
}

web.xml中添加服务器和路由映射

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>UserServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.CakeCN.web.UserServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>UserServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/userServlet</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

创建全局的Spring容器：在ServletContext域中，通过监听服务器开启这个事件创建

创建一个新类继承ServletContextListener这个类实现的两个方法contextInitialized，contextDestroyed分别是监听ServletContext创建和关闭的两个事件。我们在创建事件中实现Spring容器创建

package com.CakeCN.listener;

import com.CakeCN.config.SpringConfiguration;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;

public class ContextLoaderListener implements ServletContextListener {

    //服务器一启动，创建上下文（Spring容器创建）
    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {
        ApplicationContext app = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfiguration.class);

        //上下文存储到ServletContext域中
        ServletContext servletContext = servletContextEvent.getServletContext();
        servletContext.setAttribute("app",app);
    }

    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {

    }
}

web.xml中注册一下监听器
在业务层直接从ServletContext中获取Spring

    <listener>
        <listener-class>com.CakeCN.listener.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

package com.CakeCN.web;

import com.CakeCN.config.SpringConfiguration;
import com.CakeCN.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        ApplicationContext app = (ApplicationContext)servletContext.getAttribute("app");

        UserService userService = app.getBean(UserService.class);
        userService.save();
    }
}

Spring-Web包集成了上条功能，只需要在web.xml中配置ContextLoaderListener后即可通过WebApplicationContextUtils获取到Spring容器

pom.xml中添加上对应版本的spring-web

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

web.xml中配置ContextLoaderListener
contextConfigLocation用来指定applicationContext.xml的路径，放在resources路径下，故为classpath，这样contextConfigLocation才能找到这个文件

    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

业务层调用

public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        //ApplicationContext app = (ApplicationContext)servletContext.getAttribute("app");
        ApplicationContext app = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
        UserService userService = app.getBean(UserService.class);
        userService.save();
    }
}

SpringMVC配置

pom.xml导包

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

web.xml配置Spring-MVCDispatcherServlet顾名思义调度服务器，所有请求都会发送到这个服务器，然后分派出给到各自的处理方法中

<!--    配置Spring-MVC的前端控制器-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
<!--    任何请求都走这个servlet-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

使用注解的方式创建Spring容器中，处理指定路由的服务器对象的处理方法

package com.CakeCN.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import javax.xml.ws.RequestWrapper;

@Controller //标记是一群处理方法切片类
public class UserController {

    @RequestMapping("/save")//路由为save
    public String save(){
        System.out.println("Controller save running...");
        return "success.jsp";//这里直接能返回jsp视图名字，Spring容器直接就能解析
    }
}

使用了注解，在Spinrg-mvc的Spring容器中要标记一下组件扫描

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

<!--    Controller 的组件扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.CakeCN.controller"/>
</beans>

而这个Spring-MVC的Spring容器配置xml文件要在web.xml中注册时就指定，参照前面的代码“ 配置Spring-MVC的前端控制器 ”

这里由于所有请求都会走MVC的调度服务器，所以主页面<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>的跳转失败了，会404，是正常现象。