Purdue, Mathematics Area Examination 学习笔记(2)

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-29 22:53:17 发布

给阿姨倒一杯Cappuccino

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-29 22:53:17 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Cappucccccino/article/details/122181659

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本文探讨了欧拉方程的解法，当特征根为实数、相等及复数时的解的形式。同时，详细阐述了热传导方程的边界条件，如Dirichlet、Neumann和Robin条件，以及初值条件。通过特征函数展开法求解热方程，并给出了不同边界条件下解的具体形式和系数计算。

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Euler equation

$t^2 \ddot x(t) + a t \dot x(t)+bx(t) = 0$
let $t^\lambda$
$\lambda(\lambda-1) + a \lambda + b = 0$
$\lambda = \lambda_1,\lambda_2$
if $\lambda_1 \ne \lambda_2$ are real numbers
$c_1 t^{\lambda_1}+c_2 t^{\lambda_2}$

if $\lambda_1 = \lambda_2$ are real numbers
$c_1 t^{\lambda}+c_2 t^{\lambda} log(t)$

if $\lambda_1, \lambda_2 = \alpha +-\beta_i$
$c_1 t^\alpha cos(\beta log(t))+c_2 t^\alpha sin(\beta log(t))$

Heat equation

$\frac{\partial u}{\partial t} = D \frac{\partial^2 u }{\partial x^2 }$
Boundary condition at $x = 0$ and $x = L$ .

Dirichlet B.C.: $u (0, t) = 0, u (L, t) = 0$
Neumann B.C.: $u_x(0,t)=0, u(L,t)=0$
Robin B.C.: $u_x(0,t) = \alpha u(0,t),u_x(L,t) = -\beta u(0,t)$
Initial Condition at t=0: $u (x, 0) = f (x)$
Expansion Using Eigenfunctions:
$=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} c_n(0)e^{\lambda_n(t)}\phi_n(x)$
$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} c_n(0)\phi_n(x)$
$c_n(0) = \frac{<f_1,\phi_n>}{||\phi_n||^2}$
$\phi(x) = A cos(\sqrt \frac{-\lambda}{D}x)+Bsin(\sqrt \frac{-\lambda}{D}x)$
Dirichlet B.C.: $\phi(0) = 0,\phi_(L) = 0$
$\lambda_n = \frac{-D n^2 \pi^2}{L^2},\phi_n(x) = sin(\frac{n\pi x}{L}) \quad n = 1,2,...$
$\sum_{n=1}^\infty c_n e^{-\frac{Dn^2\pi^2}{L^2}t}sin(\frac{n\pi x}{L})$
$c_n = \frac{2}{L} \int_0^L f(x) sin(\frac{n\pi x}{L}) dx$
Newmann B.C.: $\phi(0) = 0,\phi_x(L) = 0$
$\lambda_n = \frac{-D n^2 \pi^2}{L^2},\phi_n(x) = cos(\frac{n\pi x}{L}) \quad n = 0,1,2,...$
$=\frac{c_0}{2} + \sum_{n=1}^\infty c_n e^{-\frac{Dn^2\pi^2}{L^2}t}cos(\frac{n\pi x}{L})$
$c_n = \frac{2}{L} \int_0^L f(x) cos(\frac{n\pi x}{L}) dx$
Mixed B.C.: $\phi(0) = 0,\phi_x(L) = 0$
$\lambda_n = \frac{-D (2n-1)^2 \pi^2}{4L^2},\phi_n(x) = sin(\frac{(2n-1)\pi x}{2L}) \quad n = 1,2,...$
$\sum_{n=1}^\infty c_n e^{-\frac{D(2n-1)^2\pi^2}{4L^2}t}sin(\frac{(2n-1)\pi x}{2L})$
$c_n = \frac{2}{L} \int_0^L f(x) sin(\frac{(2n-1)\pi x}{2L}) dx$