java 类加载过程 Linking

Linking 过程主要分为3个部分： verify， prepare，resolution

verify 阶段

主要验证类文件的个数据结构是否合法。

Verification (§4.10) ensures that the binary representation of a class or interface is structurally correct (§4.9). 

prepare 阶段

准备阶段主要是初始化类的static field。 初始化为其对应类型的默认值
初始化可以必须在类实例化之前

Preparation involves creating the static fields for a class or interface and initializing such fields to their default values (§2.3, §2.4).
Preparation may occur at any time following creation but must be completed prior to initialization.

resolution 解析

解析的是JVM虚拟机指令对应的符号链接。

Execution of any of these instructions requires resolution of its symbolic reference.

解析的种类比较多，有这些：

类或者接口解析
字段解析
方法解析
接口方法解析
Method Type and Method Handle Resolution
Call Site Specifier Resolution 这个主要是针对MethodHandle和Method type, 以及invokedynamic指令

特别注意: linking 阶段会发生OOM

Because linking involves the allocation of new data structures, it may fail with an OutOfMemoryError.