构建一个测试助手Agent：提升测试效率的实践

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-02 06:02:31 发布

Ethan独立开发

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-02 06:02:31 发布

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文章标签：人工智能 AI ai agent

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/ChengFengTech/article/details/145444373

版权

在上一篇文章中,我们讨论了如何构建一个运维助手Agent。今天,我想分享另一个实际项目:如何构建一个测试助手Agent。这个项目源于我们一个大型互联网公司的真实需求 - 提升测试效率,保障产品质量。

从测试痛点说起

记得和测试团队讨论时的场景：

小张：每次新功能上线都要写很多测试用例,很耗时
小李：是啊,而且回归测试也很繁琐
我：主要是哪些测试场景？
小张：接口测试、UI测试、性能测试这些
我：这些场景很适合用AI Agent来协助

经过需求分析,我们确定了几个核心功能：

测试用例生成
自动化测试
缺陷分析
测试报告生成

技术方案设计

首先是整体架构：

from typing import List, Dict, Any, Optional
from enum import Enum
from pydantic import BaseModel
import asyncio

class TestTask(Enum):
    CASE = "case"
    AUTOMATE = "automate"
    ANALYZE = "analyze"
    REPORT = "report"

class TestContext(BaseModel):
    task_type: TestTask
    project_info: Dict[str, Any]
    code_changes: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]
    test_history: Optional[List[Dict[str, Any]]]

class TestAssistant:
    def __init__(
        self,
        config: Dict[str, Any]
    ):
        # 1. 初始化测试模型
        self.test_model = TestLLM(
            model="gpt-4",
            temperature=0.2,
            context_length=8000
        )

        # 2. 初始化工具集
        self.tools = {
            "generator": CaseGenerator(),
            "automator": TestAutomator(),
            "analyzer": DefectAnalyzer(),
            "reporter": ReportGenerator()
        }

        # 3. 初始化知识库
        self.knowledge_base = VectorStore(
            embeddings=TestEmbeddings(),
            collection="test_knowledge"
        )

    async def process_task(
        self,
        context: TestContext
    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        # 1. 分析任务
        task_info = await self._analyze_task(
            context
        )

        # 2. 准备数据
        data = await self._prepare_data(
            context,
            task_info
        )

        # 3. 生成方案
        plan = await self._generate_plan(
            task_info,
            data
        )

        # 4. 执行任务
        result = await self._execute_task(
            plan,
            context
        )

        return result

    async def _analyze_task(
        self,
        context: TestContext
    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        # 1. 识别任务类型
        task_type = await self._identify_task_type(
            context.task_type
        )

        # 2. 评估优先级
        priority = await self._evaluate_priority(
            context
        )

        # 3. 确定策略
        strategy = await self._determine_strategy(
            task_type,
            priority
        )

        return {
            "type": task_type,
            "priority": priority,
            "strategy": strategy
        }

用例生成功能

首先实现测试用例生成功能：

class CaseGenerator:
    def __init__(
        self,
        model: TestLLM
    ):
        self.model = model

    async def generate_cases(
        self,
        context: TestContext
    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        # 1. 分析需求
        requirements = await self._analyze_requirements(
            context
        )

        # 2. 设计用例
        cases = await self._design_cases(
            requirements
        )

        # 3. 优化用例
        optimized = await self._optimize_cases(
            cases,
            context
        )

        return optimized

    async def _analyze_requirements(
        self,
        context: TestContext
    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        # 1. 提取功能点
        features = await self._extract_features(
            context.project_info
        )

        # 2. 识别测试点
        test_points = await self._identify_test_points(
            features
        )

        # 3. 确定测试策略
        strategy = await self._determine_test_strategy(
            test_points
        )

        return {
            "features": features,
            "test_points": test_points,
            "strategy": strategy
        }

    async def _design_cases(
        self,
        requirements: Dict[str, Any]
    ) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
        cases = []

        for point in requirements["test_points"]:
            # 1. 设计测试场景
            scenario = await self._design_scenario(
                point
            )

            # 2. 生成测试步骤
            steps = await self._generate_steps(
                scenario
            )

            # 3. 添加验证点
            verifications = await self._add_verifications(
                steps,
                point
            )

            cases.append({
                "scenario": scenario,
                "steps": steps,
                "verifications": verifications
            })

        return cases

自动化测试功能

接下来是自动化测试功能：

class TestAutomator:
    def __init__(
        self,
        model: TestLLM
    ):
        self.model = model

    async def automate_tests(
        self,
        context: TestContext,
        cases: List[Dict[str, Any]]
    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        # 1. 准备环境
        env = await self._prepare_environment(
            context
        )

        # 2. 生成脚本
        scripts = await self._generate_scripts(
            cases,
            env
        )

        # 3. 执行测试
        results = await self._execute_tests(
            scripts,
            env
        )

        return results

    async def _generate_scripts(
        self,
        cases: List[Dict[str, Any]],
        env: Dict[str, Any]
    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        scripts = {}

        # 1. 生成测试框架
        framework = await self._setup_framework(
            env
        )

        # 2. 转换测试用例
        for case in cases:
            script = await self._convert_to_script(
                case,
                framework
            )
            scripts[case["id"]] = script

        # 3. 添加通用功能
        common = await self._add_common_functions(
            framework
        )
        scripts["common"] = common

        return scripts

    async def _execute_tests(
        self,
        scripts: Dict[str, Any],
        env: Dict[str, Any]
    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        results = {}

        # 1. 初始化执行器
        executor = await self._init_executor(
            env
        )

        # 2. 执行测试脚本
        for case_id, script in scripts.items():
            if case_id != "common":
                result = await executor.run(
                    script,
                    scripts["common"]
                )
                results[case_id] = result

        # 3. 收集结果
        summary = await self._collect_results(
            results
        )

        return {
            "results": results,
            "summary": summary
        }

缺陷分析功能

再来实现缺陷分析功能：

class DefectAnalyzer:
    def __init__(
        self,
        model: TestLLM
    ):
        self.model = model

    async def analyze_defects(
        self,
        context: TestContext,
        test_results: Dict[str, Any]
    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        # 1. 收集数据
        data = await self._collect_data(
            context,
            test_results
        )

        # 2. 分析缺陷
        analysis = await self._analyze_defects(
            data
        )

        # 3. 生成建议
        suggestions = await self._generate_suggestions(
            analysis
        )

        return suggestions

    async def _analyze_defects(
        self,
        data: Dict[str, Any]
    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        # 1. 分类缺陷
        categories = await self._categorize_defects(
            data["failures"]
        )

        # 2. 定位根因
        root_causes = await self._identify_root_causes(
            categories,
            data
        )

        # 3. 评估影响
        impact = await self._evaluate_impact(
            root_causes,
            data["project_info"]
        )

        return {
            "categories": categories,
            "root_causes": root_causes,
            "impact": impact
        }

    async def _generate_suggestions(
        self,
        analysis: Dict[str, Any]
    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        # 1. 修复建议
        fixes = await self._suggest_fixes(
            analysis["root_causes"]
        )

        # 2. 预防措施
        preventions = await self._suggest_preventions(
            analysis["categories"]
        )

        # 3. 改进建议
        improvements = await self._suggest_improvements(
            analysis
        )

        return {
            "fixes": fixes,
            "preventions": preventions,
            "improvements": improvements
        }

报告生成功能

最后是测试报告生成功能：

class ReportGenerator:
    def __init__(
        self,
        model: TestLLM
    ):
        self.model = model

    async def generate_report(
        self,
        context: TestContext,
        test_results: Dict[str, Any],
        analysis: Dict[str, Any]
    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        # 1. 收集数据
        data = await self._collect_data(
            context,
            test_results,
            analysis
        )

        # 2. 生成报告
        report = await self._generate_content(
            data
        )

        # 3. 格式化报告
        formatted = await self._format_report(
            report
        )

        return formatted

    async def _generate_content(
        self,
        data: Dict[str, Any]
    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        # 1. 生成摘要
        summary = await self._generate_summary(
            data
        )

        # 2. 生成详情
        details = await self._generate_details(
            data
        )

        # 3. 生成建议
        recommendations = await self._generate_recommendations(
            data
        )

        return {
            "summary": summary,
            "details": details,
            "recommendations": recommendations
        }

    async def _format_report(
        self,
        report: Dict[str, Any]
    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        # 1. 添加图表
        charts = await self._add_charts(
            report
        )

        # 2. 格式化文档
        document = await self._format_document(
            report,
            charts
        )

        # 3. 生成导出
        exports = await self._generate_exports(
            document
        )

        return {
            "document": document,
            "charts": charts,
            "exports": exports
        }