Noun Clauses

一．名词性that-从句

1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。 That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如：

　１．主語：That she is still alive is sheer luck.

　２．宾语：John said he was leaving for London on Wednesday.

　３．表語：The fact is that he has not been seen recently.

　４．同位語：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everybody in his offices.

　５．形容詞宾语：I am glad that you satisfied with you job.

2）That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：

　It is quiet clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.

　It is a pity that you should have to go.

  用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：

１．It + be + 形容詞 + that + 从句

It is necessary that ……   有必要……

It is important that ……   重要的是……

It is obvious that ……       很明显……

２．It + be + ed分詞 + that + 从句

It is believed that ……              人们相信……

It is known to all that ……       从所周知……

It has been decided that ……   已决定……

３．It + be +名词+ that + 从句

It is common knowledge that …… 是常识……

It is a surprise that ……                  令人惊奇的是……

It is a fact that ……                          事实是……

４．It  + 不及物动词 +  that + 从句

It appears that ……             似乎……

It happens that ……            碰巧……

It occurred to me that …… 我突然想起……

 

二．名词性wh-从句

1）由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等，例如：

１．主语：How the book will sell depends on its author.

　　　　　　书销售如何取决于作者本人。

２．直接宾语：In one’s own home one can do what one likes.

                在自己家里可以随心所欲。

３．间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize.

                         俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。

４．宾语补足语：She will name he whatever she wants to.

                         她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。

５．表语：The question is who will take over the president of the Foundation.

           　　我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。

５．同位语：I have no idea when he will come.

      我不知道他什么时候回来。

６．形容词宾语：I am not sure why she refused their invitation.

  我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。

７．介词宾语：That depends on where we shall go.

那取决于我们去哪儿。

2）Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末，例如：

　　It is not yet decided who will do the job.

    还没决定谁做这项工作。

    It remains unknown when they are going to get married.

    他们何时结婚依然不明。

 

三．if, whether引导的名词从句

1）yes-no型疑问从句
　　从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同， 例如：

 

１． 主 语 ： Whether the plan is feasible is remains to be proved.  

          这一计划是否可行还有等证实。

　２．宾语：Let us know whether you can  finish the article before Friday.

               请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。

　３．表语：The pint is whether we should lend him money.

               问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。

　４．同位语：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.

           　　　他们调查他是否值得信赖。

　５．形容词宾语： She is doubtful whether shall be able to come.

                         她怀疑我们是否能够前来。

　６．介词宾语：I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.

                      我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。

2）选择性疑问从句

选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whethe…or not构成，例如：

　Please tell me whether they are Swedish or Danish.

  告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。

　I don’t care whether you like the plan or not.