20220527_Java注解Annotation的使用规则和注解的解析方法

本例使用的自定义注解类

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.LOCAL_VARIABLE,
        ElementType.PARAMETER,ElementType.TYPE,ElementType.FIELD,ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Novel {
    /**
     * 有默认值的属性不用写，写了标灰
     * 如果只有一个无默认值的value属性，且没有其他的无默认值的属性，那么value字段可以不用写
     */
    boolean value() default true;
    String name();
    int century() default 19;
    String[] character();
}

使用规则

//注解类,本例value有了默认值，可以不写
@Novel(value = true,name = "Don Quixote",character = {"Sancho","Panza"})
public class AnnotationDemo1 {

    //注解成员变量，这里用一个静态的示例
    @Novel(name = "LongNightOdyssey",century = 20,character = {"Louis","Ferdinand"})
    public static String[] bookCart;

    //注解方法，虽然是个main方法
    @Novel(name = "Writing Degree Zero",century = 20,character = {"Roland","Barthes"})
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //注解本地变量
        @Novel(name = "Iliad", character = {"Hector","Agamemnon","Achilles"})
        String critic;

        purchase("SevenStars",99.9);
    }

    //注解构造器
    @Novel(name = "Pale Fire",character = {"John","Shade"})
    public AnnotationDemo1(){}

    //注解方法里的参数
    static void purchase(@Novel(name = "Tess",character = {"Tess"})String shop, double price){
        System.out.println("You purchased it through "+shop+", and the price is "+ price);
    }
}

用于解析注解的对象

@Novel(name = "One thousand and one nights",character = {"Ibrahim","Scheherazade"})
public class BookShelf {

    @Novel(name = "Human comedy",character = {"Lucian","Carlos","Estell"})
    public void stock(){

    }
}

解析执行体
用到了Junit框架@Test，代替main方法执行

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Arrays;

public class AnnotationDemo2 {
    @Test
    public void parseClass(){
        Class<BookShelf> cl = BookShelf.class;

        if (cl.isAnnotationPresent(Novel.class)){
            /**
             * 获得Class对象的时候如果不是这样写Class<BookShelf> cl = BookShelf.class;
             * 那么获得注解类就应该这么写
             * Annotation nv = cl.getDeclaredAnnotation(Novel.class);
             * 因为注解类全是Annotation的实现类，为了拿到Novel类自身的属性，要做类型转换
             * Novel nv = (Novel)cl.getDeclaredAnnotation(Novel.class);
             * 一开始Class<BookShelf>之后，则无须类型转换的写法了
             */
            Novel nv = cl.getDeclaredAnnotation(Novel.class);
            System.out.println(nv.value());
            System.out.println(nv.name());
            System.out.println(nv.century());
            System.out.println(Arrays.toString(nv.character()));
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void parseMethod() throws NoSuchMethodException {
        Class<BookShelf> cl = BookShelf.class;
        Method me = cl.getDeclaredMethod("stock");

        if (me.isAnnotationPresent(Novel.class)){

            Novel nv = me.getDeclaredAnnotation(Novel.class);
            System.out.println(nv.value());
            System.out.println(nv.name());
            System.out.println(nv.century());
            System.out.println(Arrays.toString(nv.character()));
        }
    }
}