20220715_补档_Servlet类基本特性

PeterWarne

已于 2022-07-15 18:27:04 修改

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分类专栏： JavaWeb 文章标签： servlet java 前端

于 2022-07-15 10:23:54 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/ClarkGable/article/details/125798157

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本例结构图
请添加图片描述

文章目录

maven项目pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>Tomcat_App</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>18</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>18</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <!--tomcat plugin-->
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
                <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.2</version>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

用于配合servlet的html资源
修改form的action属性，分别对应各个servlet，修改method为GET，或POST，分别测试浏览器的GET，POST提交方式
本例各servlet基本测试方式就是访问html资源，提交html的表单到servlet，查看控制台输出

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Test for Servlet</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="/Tomcat_App/demoX" method="post">
        <input name="username">
        <input type="submit">
    </form>
</body>
</html>

第一个servlet，此为测试init， service， destroy三个方法的调用情况

package com.diy.web;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/demo1", loadOnStartup = -1)
public class ServletDemo implements Servlet {
    /**
     * 1.Invoke timing, default when servlet be visited first time tomcat will invoke this method
     * if the loadOnStartup property has been change from -1 to 1 or 0, no need visiting, init will be invoked
     * 2.Invoke times, only be invoked once
     * @param servletConfig
     * @throws ServletException
     */
    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("Servlet is initializing~~~~~");
    }

    /**
     * 1.Invoke timing, every time be visited this method will be invoked
     * 2.Invoke times, depends on how many times servlet be visited
     * @param servletRequest
     * @param servletResponse
     * @throws ServletException
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("Here is the servlet service running~~~");
    }

    /**
     * 1.Invoke timing, when memory be release or server close, Servlet object will be destroyed
     * 2.Invoke times, only once
     */
    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("Servlet has been destroyed");
    }

    @Override
    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public String getServletInfo() {
        return null;
        //you can also return a ""
    }
}

第二个servlet，查看不同的html提交method，是否正常调用doGet和doPost

package com.diy.web;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/demo2")
public class ServletDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("here is doGet~~~");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("here is doPost~~~");

    }
}

第三个servlet

package com.diy.web;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * here is an original servlet class
 */
@WebServlet("/demo3")
public class ServletDemo3 implements Servlet {
    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) throws ServletException {

    }

    @Override
    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //According to different request ways, response different handling

        HttpServletRequest HSR = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;//this arg offered by tomcat at signature
        //you already have the request object, you can get the request way
        String method = HSR.getMethod();
        //judge it is get or post
        if ("GET".equals(method)){
            //doGet handling logic
        }else if ("POST".equals(method)){
            //doPost handling logic
        }

        /**
         * 一个只??Servlet接口的Servlet?的service?次都要??上面的代?区??理get和post?求方式
         * 所以最后就写一个父??所有的servlet???提供??个方法，那就是HttpServlet
         * 此??制本ServletDemo3,新建一个diy的Servlet父?
         */

    }

    @Override
    public String getServletInfo() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {

    }
}

自建servlet父类

package com.diy.web;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * here is an original servlet class
 */
public class myHttpServlet implements Servlet {
    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) throws ServletException {

    }

    @Override
    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //According to different request ways, response different handling

        HttpServletRequest HSR = (HttpServletRequest) req;//this arg offered by tomcat at signature
        //you already have the request object, you can get the request way
        String method = HSR.getMethod();
        //judge it is get or post
        if ("GET".equals(method)){
            doGet(req,resp);
        }else if ("POST".equals(method)){
            doPost(req,resp);
        }


    }

    /**
     * 提供??承?的doGet和doPost方法，用protected修?
     * @param req
     * @param resp
     */
    protected void doPost(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp) {
    }

    protected void doGet(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp) {
    }

    @Override
    public String getServletInfo() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {

    }
}

第四个servlet

package com.diy.web;

import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;

@WebServlet("/demo4")
public class ServletDemo4 extends myHttpServlet{
    @Override
    protected void doGet(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp) {
        System.out.println("doGet Method ~~~");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp) {
        System.out.println("doPost Method ~~~");
    }
}

第五个servlet

package com.diy.web;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * urlPattern:一个servlet可以配置多个visit路径，多个visit路径是一个array
 */
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = {"/demo5a", "/demo5b"})
public class ServletDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("demo5 get ~~~");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("demo5 post ~~~");
    }
}

第六个，以下四个是测试servlet的访问路径不同匹配范围的写法，匹配优先度，按从小到大的范围

package com.diy.web;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * urlPattern:匹配 FanWei
 * 1.精que匹配
 */
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/user/select")
public class ServletDemo6 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("demo6 get ~~~");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("demo6 post ~~~");
    }
}

第七个

package com.diy.web;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * urlPattern:匹配 FanWei
 * 2.目lu匹配
 */
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/user/*")
public class ServletDemo7 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("demo7 get ~~~");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }
}

第八个

package com.diy.web;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * urlPattern:匹配 FanWei
 * 3.kuo展名匹配
 */
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "*.ext")//kuo展名匹配不要在此写斜杠
public class ServletDemo8 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("demo8 get ~~~");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }
}

第九个，匹配的最大范围，任意匹配

package com.diy.web;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * urlPattern:匹配rule
 * 4.任意匹配
 * 任意匹配的servlet用 / 之后会覆盖掉tomcat的default servlet，default servlet是用作 visit static zi源的，比如本例中的test.html
 * 原本?可以在xiang目visit路径之后加zi源名， test.html，就能visit到，但当自写的servlet用@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/")之后
 * 默?的servlet就会被覆盖，就无法再加xiang目路径加?源名test.html visit本page面了
 */
//@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/")
//或者/*,但/*you先ji高于chun/ ， 因任意匹配会覆盖默?servlet，所以一般不配
public class ServletDemo9 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("demo9 get ~~~");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }
}

第十个，试用xml代替注解配置访问路径

package com.diy.web;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * 本demo用xml方式，而不用注解配置，所yi配置就是配visit路径，注解配置是servlet3.0之后?始支持
 */
public class ServletDemo10 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("demo10 get ~~~");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//        System.out.println("demo10 post");
    }
}

第十个的路劲在web.xml配置文件中的写法

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <!--1.配全类名-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>demo10</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.diy.web.ServletDemo10</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <!--2.配访问路径-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>demo10</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/demo10</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>