树(中)
课程给出代码
C语言表示二叉搜索树的插入和搜索
BinTree Insert( BinTree BST, ElementType X )
{
if( !BST ){ /* 若原树为空,生成并返回一个结点的二叉搜索树 */
BST = (BinTree)malloc(sizeof(struct TNode));
BST->Data = X;
BST->Left = BST->Right = NULL;
}
else { /* 开始找要插入元素的位置 */
if( X < BST->Data )
BST->Left = Insert( BST->Left, X ); /*递归插入左子树*/
else if( X > BST->Data )
BST->Right = Insert( BST->Right, X ); /*递归插入右子树*/
/* else X已经存在,什么都不做 */
}
return BST;
}
BinTree Delete( BinTree BST, ElementType X )
{
Position Tmp;
if( !BST )
printf("要删除的元素未找到");
else {
if( X < BST->Data )
BST->Left = Delete( BST->Left, X ); /* 从左子树递归删除 */
else if( X > BST->Data )
BST->Right = Delete( BST->Right, X ); /* 从右子树递归删除 */
else { /* BST就是要删除的结点 */
/* 如果被删除结点有左右两个子结点 */
if( BST->Left && BST->Right ) {
/* 从右子树中找最小的元素填充删除结点 */
Tmp = FindMin( BST->Right );
BST->Data = Tmp->Data;
/* 从右子树中删除最小元素 */
BST->Right = Delete( BST->Right, BST->Data );
}
else { /* 被删除结点有一个或无子结点 */
Tmp = BST;
if( !BST->Left ) /* 只有右孩子或无子结点 */
BST = BST->Right;
else /* 只有左孩子 */
BST = BST->Left;
free( Tmp );
}
}
}
return BST;
}
C语言描述AVL树的旋转和插入
typedef struct AVLNode *Position;
typedef Position AVLTree; /* AVL树类型 */
struct AVLNode{
ElementType Data; /* 结点数据 */
AVLTree Left; /* 指向左子树 */
AVLTree Right; /* 指向右子树 */
int Height; /* 树高 */
};
int Max ( int a, int b )
{
return a > b ? a : b;
}
AVLTree SingleLeftRotation ( AVLTree A )
{ /* 注意:A必须有一个左子结点B */
/* 将A与B做左单旋,更新A与B的高度,返回新的根结点B */
AVLTree B = A->Left;
A->Left = B->Right;
B->Right = A;
A->Height = Max( GetHeight(A->Left), GetHeight(A->Right) ) + 1;
B->Height = Max( GetHeight(B->Left), A->Height ) + 1;
return B;
}
AVLTree DoubleLeftRightRotation ( AVLTree A )
{ /* 注意:A必须有一个左子结点B,且B必须有一个右子结点C */
/* 将A、B与C做两次单旋,返回新的根结点C */
/* 将B与C做右单旋,C被返回 */
A->Left = SingleRightRotation(A->Left);
/* 将A与C做左单旋,C被返回 */
return SingleLeftRotation(A);
}
/*************************************/
/* 对称的右单旋与右-左双旋请自己实现 */
/*************************************/
AVLTree Insert( AVLTree T, ElementType X )
{ /* 将X插入AVL树T中,并且返回调整后的AVL树 */
if ( !T ) { /* 若插入空树,则新建包含一个结点的树 */
T = (AVLTree)malloc(sizeof(struct AVLNode));
T->Data = X;
T->Height = 0;
T->Left = T->Right = NULL;
} /* if (插入空树) 结束 */
else if ( X < T->Data ) {
/* 插入T的左子树 */
T->Left = Insert( T->Left, X);
/* 如果需要左旋 */
if ( GetHeight(T->Left)-GetHeight(T->Right) == 2 )
if ( X < T->Left->Data )
T = SingleLeftRotation(T); /* 左单旋 */
else
T = DoubleLeftRightRotation(T); /* 左-右双旋 */
} /* else if (插入左子树) 结束 */
else if ( X > T->Data ) {
/* 插入T的右子树 */
T->Right = Insert( T->Right, X );
/* 如果需要右旋 */
if ( GetHeight(T->Left)-GetHeight(T->Right) == -2 )
if ( X > T->Right->Data )
T = SingleRightRotation(T); /* 右单旋 */
else
T = DoubleRightLeftRotation(T); /* 右-左双旋 */
} /* else if (插入右子树) 结束 */
/* else X == T->Data,无须插入 */
/* 别忘了更新树高 */
T->Height = Max( GetHeight(T->Left), GetHeight(T->Right) ) + 1;
return T;
}
04-树7 二叉搜索树的操作集 (30 分)
函数Insert将X插入二叉搜索树BST并返回结果树的根结点指针;
函数Delete将X从二叉搜索树BST中删除,并返回结果树的根结点指针;如果X不在树中,则打印一行Not Found并返回原树的根结点指针;
函数Find在二叉搜索树BST中找到X,返回该结点的指针;如果找不到则返回空指针;
函数FindMin返回二叉搜索树BST中最小元结点的指针;
函数FindMax返回二叉搜索树BST中最大元结点的指针。
函数接口定义:
BinTree Insert( BinTree BST, ElementType X );
BinTree Delete( BinTree BST, ElementType X );
Position Find( BinTree BST, ElementType X );
Position FindMin( BinTree BST );
Position FindMax( BinTree BST );
BinTree Insert( BinTree BST, ElementType X ){
if( !BST ){ /* 若原树为空,生成并返回一个结点的二叉搜索树 */
BST = (BinTree)malloc(sizeof(struct TNode));
BST->Data = X;
BST->Left = BST->Right = NULL;
}
else { /* 开始找要插入元素的位置 */
if( X < BST->Data )
BST->Left = Insert( BST->Left, X ); /*递归插入左子树*/
else if( X > BST->Data )
BST->Right = Insert( BST->Right, X ); /*递归插入右子树*/
}
return BST;
}
BinTree Delete( BinTree BST, ElementType X ){
Position Tmp;
if( !BST )
printf("Not Found\n");
else {
if( X < BST->Data )
BST->Left = Delete( BST->Left, X ); /* 从左子树递归删除 */
else if( X > BST->Data )
BST->Right = Delete( BST->Right, X ); /* 从右子树递归删除 */
else { /* BST就是要删除的结点 */
/* 如果被删除结点有左右两个子结点 */
if( BST->Left && BST->Right ) {
/* 从右子树中找最小的元素填充删除结点 */
Tmp = FindMin( BST->Right );
BST->Data = Tmp->Data;
/* 从右子树中删除最小元素 */
BST->Right = Delete( BST->Right, BST->Data );
}
else { /* 被删除结点有一个或无子结点 */
Tmp = BST;
if( !BST->Left ) /* 只有右孩子或无子结点 */
BST = BST->Right;
else /* 只有左孩子 */
BST = BST->Left;
free( Tmp );
}
}
}
return BST;
}
Position Find( BinTree BST, ElementType X ){
if( !BST )
return NULL;
else {
if( X < BST->Data )
return Find( BST->Left, X );
else if( X > BST->Data )
return Find( BST->Right, X );
else
return BST;
}
}
Position FindMin( BinTree BST ){
if(!BST)
return NULL;
else if(!BST->Left)
return BST;
else
FindMin(BST->Left );
}
Position FindMax( BinTree BST ){
if(!BST)
return NULL;
else if(!BST->Right)
return BST;
else
FindMax( BST->Right );
}
04-树4 是否同一棵二叉搜索树 (25 分)
给定一个插入序列就可以唯一确定一棵二叉搜索树。然而,一棵给定的二叉搜索树却可以由多种不同的插入序列得到。例如分别按照序列{2, 1, 3}和{2, 3, 1}插入初始为空的二叉搜索树,都得到一样的结果。于是对于输入的各种插入序列,你需要判断它们是否能生成一样的二叉搜索树。
输入格式:
输入包含若干组测试数据。每组数据的第1行给出两个正整数N (≤10)和L,分别是每个序列插入元素的个数和需要检查的序列个数。第2行给出N个以空格分隔的正整数,作为初始插入序列。最后L行,每行给出N个插入的元素,属于L个需要检查的序列。
简单起见,我们保证每个插入序列都是1到N的一个排列。当读到N为0时,标志输入结束,这组数据不要处理
输出格式:
对每一组需要检查的序列,如果其生成的二叉搜索树跟对应的初始序列生成的一样,输出“Yes”,否则输出“No”。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef int ElementType;
typedef struct TNode *Position;
typedef Position BinTree;
struct TNode {
ElementType Data;
BinTree Left;
BinTree Right;
ElementType flag;
};
BinTree Insert(BinTree BST, ElementType X) {
if (!BST) { /* 若原树为空,生成并返回一个结点的二叉搜索树 */
BST = (BinTree)malloc(sizeof(struct TNode));
BST->Data = X;
BST->flag = 0;
BST->Left = BST->Right = NULL;
}
else { /* 开始找要插入元素的位置 */
if (X < BST->Data)
BST->Left = Insert(BST->Left, X); /*递归插入左子树*/
else if (X > BST->Data)
BST->Right = Insert(BST->Right, X); /*递归插入右子树*/
}
return BST;
}
int check(BinTree BST, ElementType X) {
if (BST->flag) {
if (X > BST->Data)
return check(BST->Right, X);
else if (X < BST->Data)
return check(BST->Left, X);
else
return 0;
}
else {
if (X == BST->Data) {
BST->flag = 1;
return 1;
}
else
return 0;
}
}
int Judge(BinTree BST, ElementType X) {
int i, V, flag1 = 0;
scanf("%d", &V);
if (V != BST->Data)
flag1 = 1;
else
BST->flag = 1;
for (i = 1; i < X; i++) {//一定注意从1开始!!!
scanf("%d", &V);
if ((!flag1) && (!check(BST, V)))
flag1 = 1;
}
if (flag1)
return 0;
else
return 1;
}
void ResetTree(BinTree BST) {
if (BST->Left)
ResetTree(BST->Left);
if (BST->Right)
ResetTree(BST->Right);
BST->flag = 0;
}
int main()
{
BinTree BST;
ElementType X;
int N, i, M;
BST = NULL;
scanf("%d", &N);
while (N) {
scanf("%d", &M);
for (i = 0; i < N; i++) {
scanf("%d", &X);
BST = Insert(BST, X);
}
for (i = 0; i < M; i++) {
if (Judge(BST, N))
printf("Yes\n");
else
printf("No\n");
ResetTree(BST);
}
BST=NULL;
scanf("%d", &N);
}
return 0;
}
04-树5 Root of AVL Tree (25 分)
An AVL tree is a self-balancing binary search tree. In an AVL tree, the heights of the two child subtrees of any node differ by at most one; if at any time they differ by more than one, rebalancing is done to restore this property.
Now given a sequence of insertions, you are supposed to tell the root of the resulting AVL tree.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef int ElementType;
typedef struct AVLNode* Position;
typedef Position AVLTree; /* AVL树类型 */
struct AVLNode {
ElementType Data; /* 结点数据 */
AVLTree Left; /* 指向左子树 */
AVLTree Right; /* 指向右子树 */
int Height; /* 树高 */
};
int Max(int a, int b) {
return a > b ? a : b;
}
int GetHeight(AVLTree A) {
if (!A) return 0;
if (!A->Left && !A->Right) return 1;
if (A->Left && !A->Right) return GetHeight(A->Left) + 1;
if (!A->Left && A->Right) return GetHeight(A->Right) + 1;
return Max(GetHeight(A->Left), GetHeight(A->Right)) + 1;
}
AVLTree SingleLeftRotation(AVLTree A) {
/* 注意:A必须有一个左子结点B */
/* 将A与B做左单旋,更新A与B的高度,返回新的根结点B */
AVLTree B = A->Left;
A->Left = B->Right;
B->Right = A;
A->Height = Max(GetHeight(A->Left), GetHeight(A->Right)) + 1;
B->Height = Max(GetHeight(B->Left), A->Height) + 1;
return B;
}
AVLTree SingleRightRotation(AVLTree A) {
AVLTree B = A->Right;
A->Right = B->Left;
B->Left = A;
A->Height = Max(GetHeight(A->Left), GetHeight(A->Right)) + 1;
B->Height = Max(GetHeight(B->Right), A->Height) + 1;
return B;
}
AVLTree DoubleLeftRightRotation(AVLTree A) {
/* 注意:A必须有一个左子结点B,且B必须有一个右子结点C */
/* 将A、B与C做两次单旋,返回新的根结点C */
/* 将B与C做右单旋,C被返回 */
A->Left = SingleRightRotation(A->Left);
/* 将A与C做左单旋,C被返回 */
return SingleLeftRotation(A);
}
AVLTree DoubleRightLeftRotation(AVLTree A) {
A->Right = SingleLeftRotation(A->Right);
return SingleRightRotation(A);
}
AVLTree Insert(AVLTree T, ElementType X) {
/* 将X插入AVL树T中,并且返回调整后的AVL树 */
if (!T) { /* 若插入空树,则新建包含一个结点的树 */
T = (AVLTree)malloc(sizeof(struct AVLNode));
T->Data = X;
T->Height = 0;
T->Left = T->Right = NULL;
} /* if (插入空树) 结束 */
else if (X < T->Data) {
/* 插入T的左子树 */
T->Left = Insert(T->Left, X);
/* 如果需要左旋 */
if (GetHeight(T->Left) - GetHeight(T->Right) == 2)
if (X < T->Left->Data)
T = SingleLeftRotation(T); /* 左单旋 */
else
T = DoubleLeftRightRotation(T); /* 左-右双旋 */
} /* else if (插入左子树) 结束 */
else if (X > T->Data) {
/* 插入T的右子树 */
T->Right = Insert(T->Right, X);
/* 如果需要右旋 */
if (GetHeight(T->Left) - GetHeight(T->Right) == -2)
if (X > T->Right->Data)
T = SingleRightRotation(T); /* 右单旋 */
else
T = DoubleRightLeftRotation(T); /* 右-左双旋 */
} /* else if (插入右子树) 结束 */
/* else X == T->Data,无须插入 */
/* 别忘了更新树高 */
T->Height = Max(GetHeight(T->Left), GetHeight(T->Right)) + 1;
return T;
}
int main(void) {
int n, i, temp;
AVLTree A = NULL;
scanf("%d", &n);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
scanf("%d", &temp);
A = Insert(A, temp);
}
printf("%d\n", A->Data);
return 0;
}
04-树6 Complete Binary Search Tree (30 分)
A Binary Search Tree (BST) is recursively defined as a binary tree which has the following properties:
The left subtree of a node contains only nodes with keys less than the node’s key.
The right subtree of a node contains only nodes with keys greater than or equal to the node’s key.
Both the left and right subtrees must also be binary search trees.
A Complete Binary Tree (CBT) is a tree that is completely filled, with the possible exception of the bottom level, which is filled from left to right.
Now given a sequence of distinct non-negative integer keys, a unique BST can be constructed if it is required that the tree must also be a CBT. You are supposed to output the level order traversal sequence of this BST.
nt root, int N, int a[])
{
if(root<=N) {
mid_tree(2*root, N, a);
b[root] = a[pos++];
mid_tree(2*root+1, N, a);
}
}
int main()
{
int N, i;
int data[1000];
scanf("%d", &N);
for(i=0;i<N;i++)
scanf("%d", &data[i]);
sort(data, N);
mid_tree(1, N, data);
for(i=1;i<=N;i++) {
if(i==1) {
printf("%d", b[i]);
} else {
printf(" %d", b[i]);
}
}
return 0;
}